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International Conference on Innovation and Technology (ICIT 2019)

Event starts on 2019.10.23 for 2 days in Malang

http://icit.ub.ac.id | https://ifory.id/conf-abstract/2ApzQxLju

Page 1 (data 1 to 30 of 81) | Displayed ini 30 data/page

A Bonus From Conservation: Post-Struggle of Fajar Bengawan to Protect 200 m of Brantas River Body in Kesamben Blitar
Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya*, Sukandar, Ating Yuniarti, Agung Pramana Warih Mahendra, Citra Satrya Utama Dewi, Choirul Anam, Anik Martinah Hariati

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Corresponding Author
Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya

Institutions
*Ichthyo-fauna, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Local fishermen realized the collapse of River Barb was due to their destructive fishing behavior such as tuba, cyanide, blast and electro-fishing. A volunteer of 30 fishers took initiative to stop all the destructive activities and declared a 200 m of river body forbidden from any extractive activities. For a period of more than 2 years (2016-2017), they fed the river with rice leftover from the households. Fish population is now recovering back and this gradually attract local tourism. This study aimed to empower the group, Fajar Bengawan, to develop tourism service while conserving the river and used it as learning site for other groups in the region. Four Gazebos, visitor information service, kitchen set and facilities for night fishing were delivered to the group, as well as short training to improve their capacity in eco-tourism management. Four tourism attractions have been established by early 2019: fish feeding in nature, river adventure, meeting outbond, and night-pole fishing. On average, the group earned IDR. 81,000,000±5,000,000 month-1 (equal to $ 5,343351 month-1) from visitors. With tourism branding of Omah Iwak Badher Bang, literally means fish apartment of River Bard (www.google.co.id), the destination is getting open to public. Government of East Java awarded first medal to the group as conservation frontliner. The conservation success is to be outreached to other 397 similar groups in East Java through fisheries community meeting called “cangkru-an”.

Keywords
river protected area, community development, tourism, East Java

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tzX4WaKVrwJv


Activity Economy and Cultural Heritage Tourism in Sri Lanka Special Reference to Galle and Kandy
Nambukara Wasam Wakwella Gamage Kumesh Prabhashini

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Corresponding Author
Kumesh Prabhashini

Institutions
School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Hubei, China

Abstract
Activity economy driven by cultural activities, which is also embodied in the development model of cultural tourism.For economically developed cities, activity economy is a new direction to promote tourism development. Cultural heritage tourism provides an opportunity for people to experience their culture in-depth, whether by visiting attractions, historical or culturally relevant places, or by taking part in cultural activities. This paper examines how to impact of the activity economy for the cultural heritage tourism in Sri Lanka and examples reference to Galle and Kandy cities.These two cities are significant uniqe and distinct cultural backgrounds.This study reported in this paper used a range of qualitative method consisting of document analysis and secondary data obtained from online media. The documents analysis involved a review of the literature and documents relating to the cultural heritage tourism in Sri Lanka. Finally, the content analysis of internet based information about cultural heritage tourism in Sri Lanka was in 2012 and 2017 using the key words “Sri Lankan Cultural Heritage Tourism”, “Cultural Heritage Tourism in Sri Lanka”, “Cultural Heritage Tourism in Sri Lanka” within Google and Yahoo.Activity economy is a new concept of the Sri Lankan tourism industry and well managed and marketing activity economy as an important factor for the cultural heritage tourism in Sri Lanka. Currently it running without identify the theoretical and practical value.Well-organized marketing management plan can purchase it sustainability.To address this needed the government and private institutional involvement and server the human and physical resources.

Keywords
Activity Economy; Cultural Heritage Tourism; Tourism Industry; Sri Lanka; Galle; Kandy

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/chAHxEu9eLNf


Alert System Innovation to Improve Safety Driving Through the Change Detection of Car Distance Ahead
Sugiono SUGIONO*1, Denny WIDHAYANURIYAWAN2, Debrina P. ANDRIANI 3, • Renaldi P. PRASETYA4

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Corresponding Author
sugiono sugiono

Institutions
1,3Department of Industrial Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
2Deparment of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
4Department of Computer Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Abstract
Drive density and irregularity are the main factors causing accidents in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper was to create an application that can identify changes in driving speed to become an early warning for drivers to make the right decisions. The initial step of this study was to study theories about changes in distance, sensor systems, and android applications. An observation of the existing traffic conditions in several locations in Indonesia plays an important role in prototype design. Assembly and accuracy test of sensor identification distance is equal to = 0.6% error. The android application successfully converted input data into a warning in the form of sound. It can be concluded that this application can provide effective early warning in the form of sound to easily understand by drivers.

Keywords
driving alert system, android application, safety driving

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kXuR3fYG9vLQ


AN APPROPRIATE UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR ALTERING GOAT FOOD MIXER MACHINE
Oyong Novareza, Dwi H. Sulistyorini, Debrina P. Andriani, Rizki Prafitri

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Corresponding Author
Oyong Novareza

Institutions
Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
This article describes about the community service program which had been carried out in the sub-district area of Ampelgading with the number of population approximately 53,000 of dairy goats. The goat in the area is Etawa role, which is come from Indian Jamnapari goat crossing with Indonesian local goat. One of the animal husbandry namely Subur Makmur has had approximately 600 dairy goats, which needs about 200kgs a day for feeding. Currently, the food is prepared manually. It needs a large amount of energy due to the long duration of the process. The manual process was found to increase the possibility of man injured during the heavy mixing process. Ergonomics along with the socio-cultural approach are combined to modify the design of 200kgs animal feeding machine in order to supply the food for the husbandry. The machine is designed dan built to reduce the fatigue of the operator and increase the efficiency of the machine at the same time. A diesel engine with high efficiency is used to reduce fuel consumption and produces more environmentally friendly exhaust gas that not harm the environment. The machine is expected to be able to provide the right solution.

Keywords
dairy goat husbandry; technology; animal feed mixers; ergonomic; innovation

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mkvJBTR3jb7d


Analysis of Leaves Trichomes of Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera rederalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Syalwa Shafira and Andi Salamah

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Corresponding Author
Syalwa Shafira

Institutions
Department of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

salamah[at]sci.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Asteraceae is a family of flowering plants distributed widely in the terrestrial regions. Asteraceae are grouped into several tribes. Species of the Heliantheae tribe including Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera rederalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens are the most commonly found at Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. The research was conducted to describe the morphology and the density of leaves trichomes as a species identification character and for classification purpose that has taxonomic value within several species of tribe Heliantheae. The digital images of leaves were captured using a Dino-Lite digital microscope device and Dino capture 2.0 application to measure the area of leaves and the number of trichomes. The number of trichomes was calculated using ImageJ software. The light microscope was used to observe the trichome morphology. The results showed that trichomes density in young leaves was higher than in the old leaves. Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera rederalis, and Synedrella nodiflora showed micromorphology of trichome with ornamentation on the surface of the trichome, while Tridax procumbens not. The number of leaves trichomes per unit area were also different between species of Heliantheae tribe. Eclipta prostrata has the lowest number of trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 1.15/mm2 to 6.375/mm2 on the surface of young leaves and old leaves. Synedrella nodiflora has the highest trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 2.68/mm2 to 15.71/mm2. The four members of the Heliantheae tribe have a higher density of leaves trichomes on the lower surface (abaxial) than the upper surface (adaxial) of the leaves.

Keywords
Asteraceae; Heliantheae; Taxonomic; Trichomes density; Trichomes morphology

Topic
Basic Science/Life Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NXyFTaYZ69xp


ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MONETARY POLICY IN INDONESIA
Birgitta Dian Saraswati, Ghozali Maski, David Kaluge and Rachmad Kresna Sakti

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Corresponding Author
Birgitta Dian Saraswati

Institutions
FEB Brawijaya University

Abstract
households inter-temporal consumption decisions. Further, financial inclusion is closely related to fintech. On the one hand, fintech helps overcome the financial inclusion problem because fintech manages to reach those who were previously inaccessible by banks. On the other hand, fintech will change the payment system structure in an economy that will eventually affect the effectiveness of monetary policy. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the observation period of 2009.Q1-2018.Q1, this study aims to analyze the effects of financial inclusion and fintech on inflation as a proxy for the effectiveness of monetary policy in Indonesia within the framework of the transmission mechanism of interest-based monetary policy through both the cost of capital effect and the substitution effect. The results demonstrate that the level of financial inclusion and fintech proved to influence the effectiveness of monetary policy in Indonesia. However, the effect of shocks in financial inclusion on inflation is not permanent. However, shocks in fintech affect the volatility of inflation rate is permanent both through the substitution effect and the cost of capital effect.

Keywords
: Financial Inclusion; Financial Technology (Fintech); Inflation; Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YtXkpF3h2f9H


Aplication of Edible Coatings Technique on Beef of Physicocemical and Sensory Quality
Mulia Winirsya Apriliyani, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu, Ria Dewi Andriani

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Corresponding Author
Mulia Winirsya Apriliyani

Institutions
Animal Product Technology Department, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya

Abstract
Edible coatings base on casein-chitosan are food grade suspensions which upon drying form a clear thin layer over the food surface. This study aimed to determine the best technique of application of edible coatings (spraying, spreading, or dipping) on beef carried out sensory quality, then performed in coated to physicochemical analyses (pH, moisture content, WHC, cooking loss, and color). Edible coatings prepared with casein-chitosan (CC) and addition catechin modified (CM). Beef were coated with casein-chitosan solutions and different of coating technique (CC with spraying; CC with spreading, CC with dipping, CM with spraying; CM with spreading and CM with dipping) then stored for 8 hours at 27°C. At the end of the storage period, the treatments exhibited the best sensory analyses (texture surface and under, odor, physical deviation, and discoloration). The best sensory analyses are spraying of coatings technique (CM with spraying). The results that the application of edible coatings technique on beef maintaining the best physicochemical quality are pH 5,59; moisture content 68,26%; WHC 43,71%; cooking loss 34,28%; and color that indicated by L*, a* and b*.

Keywords
beef; edible coating; casein; chitosan; sensory; quality

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t9zArFTNp2uW


APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR COFFEE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN MALANG
Musthofa Lutfi 1 , Masruroh 2 , Hamidah Nayati Utami 3 , Widya Pujarama 4 , Wahyu I Sulistyaningsih 5

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Corresponding Author
Musthofa Lutfi

Institutions
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
2 Department of Physics, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
3 Department of Public Administration, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
4 Department of Communication, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

5 Islamic Education, Postgraduate Program, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, 65145,

Indonesia

Abstract
Three out of five Indonesians still live in rural areas and farming is their main occupation. Hence, poverty alleviation strategy is a key component of the Government-s Indonesia and implemented through many activities. It has the potential of unprocessed agricultural products especially in rural areas, including coffee. Coffee is an important agricultural commodity because it value and spreading planted by farmer. In the southern region of Malang Regency, many farmer have coffee plant but unprocessed well. This program try to establish ready to drink coffee production center in rural area which this commodity growth. Therefore, the coffee farmers can get the added value of their raw commodity. The aims of this community services program are both developing entrepreneurship and local coffee-based processing through introducing processing technology and then establishment of micro-economic institutions to enpower the economy. Appropriate technology are apply to the farmers by facilitating to produce ready to drink coffee product using modern coffee roaster and grinder. This program hope the local farmer move not only as a producer but also as a product development.

Keywords
coffe, mechanical, equipment

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GTbVrkCX2zvt


Applying Appropriate Technology of Production Process to Improve Lollipop Candy Quality
Musthofa Lutfi1, Retno Astuti 2, Rudianto 3, Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh 2

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Corresponding Author
Musthofa Lutfi

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
In Bandulan Village of Malang, there are 20 units of candy producers that can be developed as SMEs business clustering by local government. “Dharma Daksa” is one of the candy producer which have five variant of the lollypop candy products i.e. rainbow swirl, marble, Tootsie roll pop, spiral type with multi-color and butterfly shape. This SMEs have a capacity to process 50 kg of sugar and 10 glucose to produce 250 pack of respective of that five candy shape in one day and employed 12 worker. There are 20 candy in each pack. Dharma Daksa have an omzet of 8,750,000 rupiahs in one month depicts that it is potential business sector to be developed. The critical point in this production process is the cutting the threaded dough and dough molding to make final shape. The cutting of the dough is carried out on a hot aluminum table, using scissors or knife so that the mass tends to vary. Hence, it will impact to the uniform size of the candy. This program try to improve of the SMEs performance by applying appropriate technology in both process replacing knife with mechanically dough cutting and final product molding. This program hope the production process have either increase efficiency or reduce products defect.

Keywords
SME, candy, mechanical knife, mulding

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zhgAWNFD6rqB


Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) Flour as Fillers in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Paste Making
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah (a*), Tanalyna Hasna(a)

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Corresponding Author
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah

Institutions
a) Food Science and Technology Department, Agricultural Technology Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are one of the horticultural crops that have high potential value in Indonesia. Statistics of the Ministry of Industry in 2016 shows that tomato sauce is acommodity worth US $ 1284 thousands in import and US $ 863 thousands in export. The raw material for making tomato sauce is tomato paste. Tomato paste is an intermediate product that commonly uses fillers in the form of corn starch, CMC, or xanthan gum. This filler can be replaced with other types of carbohydrates that have abundant amounts in Indonesia, including banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) flour. Banana flour is one ingredient that can be used as an alternative filler of tomato paste. Both bananas and tomatoes are two commodities that have low prices during the main harvest. This study aims to determine the concentration of banana flour that is suitable for use in making tomato paste. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with the addition of banana flour treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The results showed that the addition of banana flour could increase the total dissolved solids, density and viscosity of tomato paste. The addition of banana flour did not affect the pH of tomato paste. In addition, the addition of banana flour can reduce the value of brightness and redness in tomato paste.

Keywords
tomato paste; banana flour; filler; characteristics

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/84CYv9BEPH2M


Batik Empowerment for Sakaq Tada Village community, Manor Bulatn, West Kutai, East Kalimantan
Agung Sugeng Widodo1, Susinggih Wijana2, Dhanny Septimawan Sutopo3 dan Hendrix Yulis Setyawan3

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Corresponding Author
Agung Sugeng Widodo

Institutions
A team of doctors to serve Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Abstract
Batik, is one of the oldest ancestral heritage of Indonesia-s culture. Every part of Indonesia has their own unique characteristic of motives. Sakaq Tada Village is a village located in Kecamatan Mook Manaar Bulatn Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kaimantan Timur. The name of Sakaq Tada Village originates from the word sungai (Sakaq) and not there which translates as tak ada which is pronounced Tada in Kutai language. This village is the location of the Doktor Mengabdi Universitas Brawijaya program is held. Plannig of making a development in the village with the resources available in the village to improve the economy of the village was made and the aim of this research is to describe the development and empowerment program in Sakaq Tada Village, to understand the benefit of empowermentf and development impact of this program and to introduce and give education to Sakaq Tada Villagers on how to make batik clothing with a Kalimantan motive. The development that was given to Sakaq Tada villagers has been running optimally through the development of human resources and improvements of technology skills, which will increase the knowledge and skills and also motivation for the villagers to make batik clothing. The empowerment done was given a facilitation on how to make a batik and also knowledge of arts and batik and also marketing.

Keywords
Empowerment, Batik Craftsmen, Welfare, Sakaq Tada.

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cn9wT3jxXrRW


Characteristics of “Mitra Karya” duck farmer group and establishment of feed processing unit and revolving program as an approach for future development
Eko Widodo 1* , Irfan H. Djunaidi 1 , Anie Eka Kusumastuti 1 , and Slamet Wahyudi 2

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Corresponding Author
Eko Widodo

Institutions
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Blitar regency has been well known as the main poultry producer area in East Java. Beside chicken farms, duck farm has also been established. Mitra Karya duck farmer group is a group of farmers who engages in the same business, namely broiler and layer duck. The objective of public services was to know the characteristics of mitra Karya duck farmers and strategy for empowerment. The method was survey and interview with leaders and members of Mitra Karya. The teams from UB have already conducted a survey, it can be reported that most of members were male (63.16%), of 41 years old and more (68.42%), most of them starting 1-2 years ago (57.89%) of raising duck experience, motivation of raising duck was to increase income (84.21%), own her/his broiler duck of 100 or less (57.89%) and 10 farmers had their own layer duck (52.63%) and all farmers agree that raising duck was profitable, even the money was a big obstacle to raise duck. Based on the problems aroused during the initial meeting it could be reported that then it was decided to introduce a unit of feed processing and run a two-package revolving program of 100 broiler ducks each including feed required for 40 days at marketing age. In conclusion, Mitra Karya is potentially developed as a new source of income but it needs companion program for more succesfull.

Keywords
duck; farmer group; characteristics; feed processing; revolving program

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BFpZ8j4yNX9m


Characteristics of and Nematodiasis in Traditional Cattle Farms in Sukowono Village, East Java, Indonesia
Widi Nugroho(1), Siska Aditya(1), Rahadi Swastomo(1) and Aulani-am(1,2*)

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Corresponding Author
Widi Nugroho

Institutions
(1)Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
(2)Faculty of Mathematics and Life Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: aulani.fkhub[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Cattle is an important economic asset of rural community in Sukowono village, Bondowoso region, East Java Province, Indonesia. The study aimed to provide updated demographic data of smallholder cattle farms in Sukowono village. Data was collected through interview with farmers using census method. Further, 102 faecal samples were taken systematically and examined using double centrifugation method to investigate nematodiasis in the cattle population. Associations were analysed using Chi-square. Results showed that the total cattle population was 814 heads, owned by 442 farmers. Total female and male cattle were 666 and 148 heads, respectively. The range of farm size was 1-7 (median: 2) cattle. Number of cows, cycling heifers, female calves, bulls and bull calves were consecutively, 295, 165, 206, 84 and 64 heads. Pregnancy rate was low at 31.7% (146/460) of mature female cattle. Calving interval of <16 months was experienced by 91,8% (168/183) of cows, but age at first calving was longer than 2.7 year old in 37.6% (62/165) of heifers. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode burdens was high at 43.1% (44/102, 95%, CI: 38.1 - 52.1%). However, there was no apparent association between nematodiasis with age, sex, pregnancy rate or calving intervals of cattle in Sukowono. This study indicated that cattle farms were small in size, purposes were breeding but, productivity was low due to delay of first calving times. However, the role of nematodiasis in such condition remained unclear. This study provides a reference for designing priority program to improve productivity of cattle farming in Sukowono.

Keywords
smallholder cattle farm, endoparasite, productivity, Indonesia

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NdGR8ftBCHnq


Characteristics of estrus and pregnancy rate following estrus induction by laserpuncture treatment and PGF2α injection in Etawah Crossbred Does
Suyadi Suyadi, Gita Dwi Widyastuti and Tri Eko Susilorini

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Corresponding Author
Suyadi Suyadi

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia 65145
E-mail : suyadi[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Induction of low voltage laser beam on the reproductive accupoints in un-estrus post-partum symptom animal is believed could improve reproductive activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the estrus characteristics and pregnancy rate of Etawah Crossbred does following estrus induction by laserpuncture exposure at the reproductive accupoints or PGF2α injection treatments. Thirty mature Etawah Crossbred does were exposed by laser beam on 17 reproductive accupoints for three consecutive days, once a day (Group1). The other 10 does was injected by PGF2α (Group 2), while the remain 10 does were treated with combination of laserpuncture and PGF2α injection (Group 3). The number of does showing estrus was higher (P<0.05) when injected with PGF2α compared to without any PGF2α injection (50%, 80% and 100%, for Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The shorter onset of estrus period from the treatment was in Group 1 (70,0 ± 4,2 h) compared to other groups (Group 2: 133,6 ± 114,6 h and Group 2: 148,6 ± 58,3). The duration of estrus was not different among groups (35,3 ± 6,5 h, 40,6 ± 5,5 h and 36,6 ± 7,3 h, for the respective groups), while the pregnancy rate (P<0.05) were 50%, 70% and 80%, for Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In conclusion, exposure of laser puncture on the reproductive accupoints of does was possible to induce estrus in unestrus post-partum symptom and the combination laser-exposure and PGF2α injection increased the number of animal showing estrus and pregnancy rate.

Keywords
laserpuncture; accupoint; unestrus post-partum; estrus; pregnancy rate rate.

Topic
Basic Science/Life Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FQa42gDh7xJp


Chromosome Analysis of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Using CHIAS IV Software
Maria Celinna, Putri Aria Miranda, Isnaenisa Rachma, and Andi Salamah

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Corresponding Author
Maria Celinna

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

salamah[at]sci.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a plant that has flowers with many variations in size, petal shape, petal colors, and chromosome number. Chromosome number and morphology information is the key to study its flower morphology and physiology. Chromosome Image Analyzing System IV (CHIAS IV) is software that used for mapping and identifying chromosome automatically. This report presents the results of chromosomes analysis using CHIAS IV from four H. rosa-sinensis flower variations (single small red, single small pale red, single big red, and double red). Chromosome number and condensation patterns of individual chromosomes analysis suggested that these flower variations of H. rosa-sinensis exhibited polyploidy, with the smallest number found in single small pale red and the biggest number in single big red flower. CHIAS IV software is an effective tool to analyze chromosome images, especially to predict chromosome number, chromosome type, relative length, and condensation patterns of individual chromosome.

Keywords
CHIAS IV; chromosome number; flower variations; Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; polyploidy

Topic
Basic Science/Life Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pGu6vg7qMeYm


Classification of features shape of Gram-negative bacterial using Extreme Learning Machine
Budi Dwi Satoto (a*), Imam Utoyo (b), and Riries Rulaningtyas(c)

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Corresponding Author
Budi dwi satoto

Institutions
(a) S3 Student of Applied Mathematics, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
*budids[at]trunojoyo.ac.id; budids[at]gmail.com
(b) Mathematic department, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
(c) Physic department, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are one of the causes of nosocomial in Indonesia. This bacterium is a cause of resistance so that the disease is difficult to cure with antibiotic treatment. In the process of antibiotic therapy, these nosocomial bacteria must be removed first before handling the main bacteria that cause disease. This bacterial observation is carried out using image processing to replace visual observation. The process consists of four stages, namely pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and identification. At the segmentation stage, the bacterial image object is selected that best suits the expert representation, in this case, the medical analyst. Feature extraction is done to get pixel information to be processed. At the classification stage, the use of Extreme learning machine is chosen because the training process time is shorter than other algorithms based on artificial neural networks. At the stage of modeling, 2 different bacteria were used, namely nosocomial bacterium and Gram-negative bacterium. In this research trial, each consists of 420 images of training data, validation and testing so that the total amount of data used is 2520 images with a pixel size of 256x256. Accuracy results obtained at 97% of the training process

Keywords
Gram-negative bacteria; nosocomial; shape segmentation; artificial neural networks; extreme learning machine

Topic
Information System and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ghr9JBQHKY7C


Community Engagement Activities and Communication Strategy as an Effort to Conserve of Water Springs
Maulina Pia Wulandari*, Yuyun Agus Riani, Syahirul Alim, Dian Tamitiadini, Lilik Zuhriyah

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Corresponding Author
Maulina Pia Wulandari

Institutions
Department of Communication Science, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
This paper aims to identify community activities in the community engagement program and to analyze the communication strategies that have been carried out by villagers in Umbul Damar of Blitar Regency to conserve water springs. The research method used is qualitative. The combination of in-depth interviews, partisan field observations, and documentation is the data collection technique. While the data analysis technique uses descriptive-qualitative analysis techniques. The purposive sampling technique is used by selecting representatives of community members who are members of environmental groups, tourism conscious groups, village government officials, and spring water resource managers. The results of this study show that there were at least five local community activities in Umbul Damar Village that supported the preservation of springs which had a dual function as a tourist attraction such as accommodating water sources in an organized and participatory management system; joint community service around the springs environment; providing certain appeals and prohibitions for politeness, safety, comfort, and environmental sustainability; maintaining the customs and culture of the community in the environment of the spring; and preserving and preserving local legends and myths that contain mystical elements. The study also shows that there were three main communication strategies concerning local community communication such as word of mouth through regular villagers meeting and informal meeting known as cangkrukan. This study finds that cultural performance and events were conducted and organized by the headman of Umbul Damar to attract villagers attention and interest in protecting springs. The medium of communication such as local Radio Station and Social Media platform such as Whatsapp group were used to share information and to educate the villagers about spring preservation.

Keywords
Community Engagement, Communication Strategy, Spring Water, Blitar Distrct

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ypa6mbqneCgx


Cracker Dough Kneading Machine for Increasing Productivity and Quality of Mackerel Crackers in Tambakasri Village Malang
Yusuf Hendrawan; Sandra Malin Sutan; Hamidah Nayati Utami; Retno Damayanti

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Corresponding Author
Yusuf Hendrawan

Institutions
Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Mackerel amplang cracker is a type of fish crackers with the basic ingredients of mackerel fish. The potential of mackerel fish production reaches 5000 tons/year. Moreover, it is supported by the Indonesian governments policies which currently make the marine sector a superior program, so that business licensing of marine and fishery products can be faster. Mackerel amplang cracker processing industry in Tambakasri village, Malang, Indonesia is still facing problems in its production process. This research was conducted in small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) Yuan Mina Kartika which produces various fish crackers. The constraints in the SMEs include: 1) the amount of production that has not been optimal, because of the inadequate production tools; 2) the process of refining fish that still uses traditional tools; 3) the process of kneading is done manually so that it takes a long time and produces uneven mackerel fish mixture. The purpose of this study is to develop and to test a cracker dough kneading machine to increase productivity and quality of cracker products. Dough kneading machine uses a kneading system that is driven using an electric motor and transmission. Engine capacity is designed for 100 kg/hour using 1.5 HP with 5 outputs of dough tube. The test results showed a significant increase in time efficiency in the kneading process as well as the quality of the cracker dough which was better than the manual method.

Keywords
amplang cracker; dough kneading machine; mackerel fish

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/462a9xQmDFRh


Design of Website-Based Sugarcane Forecasting Information System
Masud Effendi *; Dyah Dwi Yuliani; Danang Triagus Setyawan; Usman Effendi

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Corresponding Author
Masud Effendi

Institutions
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya
Veteran street, Malang, Indonesia
* mas.ud[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Sugar cane (Saccharum officianarum) is an important commodity because it is widely used as raw material for sugar and MSG. Data on sugarcane production has not been used optimally, except for administrative purposes. The data, if used appropriately, can be used to predict the yield of sugar cane which can be utilized by cooperatives and farmers. This research was conducted to design an information system that can be used to forecast sugarcane yields in the working area of "KUD Subur Malang". The information system design process is carried out by implementing Machine Learning. The results of sugarcane yield forecasting using machine learning implementation in KUD Subur Malang showed the best results using the gradient boosting algorithm with 75% model accuracy. Website-based yield forecasting information system can be used as a production forecasting tool for KUD Subur to improve its business processes. Sugarcane forecasting information system can be well received by users.

Keywords
machine learning, sugarcane, gradient boosting

Topic
Information System and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PXpbq9Ktx7f8


Development of Local Commodity-based Areas "Agro-Eco-park" at the Border (Case Study in Sungai Limau Village, Sebatik Tengah Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan).
Nur Hidayat, Candra Dewi, Sri Maryani, Dodik Wirawan

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Corresponding Author
Nur Hidayat

Institutions
University of Brawijaya

Abstract
Travel destinations become an important factor to recognize an area and can be a source of foreign exchange. Sebatik Island is divided into two regions, namely Indonesia in the south and Malaysia in the north.Both of these places are less attractive because without the support of interesting facilities. Therefore it is necessary to develop a tourist area that is able to attract tourists but also be able to grow the regional economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the local potential and models of tourist areas that can be developed. The results of the study indicate that viable natural resources have the potential to support tourism areas such as cocoa, banana, durian and local fruits, while human resources are the development of arts from Flores and Bugis that can support traditional dances and souvenirs. The development of the tourism area is carried out in stake 7 which has a contour of an area of 2 hectares with a view of the city of Tawau, from one hilltop as the agro region of the valley as an ecological and adventure area and the other hill as a region of interest and games. The concept of ecology is developed through each fruit seed that is eaten will be planted by visitors in a poly bag that will be named after the visitors name to be planted on site if it has grown well and is free of plastic packaging.

Keywords
agro-eco-park, cocoa, sebatik

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uT3Ny9cX7YLj


Differences Effectiveness of Laughter Therapy and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy Against Insomnia in the Elderly Community at the St. Yoseph Kediri Nursing Home
Desi Natalia Trijayanti Idris, Kili Astarani

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Corresponding Author
Desi Natalia Trijayanti Idris

Institutions
STIKES RS Baptis Kediri

Abstract
The elderly has changes in physical and psychological decline, so the elderly need support to maintain their health. Sleep disorders are a collection of health problems experienced by the elderly. Sleep disorders that occur in the elderly one of which is insomnia. Many elderly people can manage sleep disorders (Insomnia) without drugs, namely by modality therapy, such as laugh therapy and progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aims to determine the differences in the effectiveness of laughter therapy with progressive muscle relaxation therapy to decrease insomnia in the elderly community at the St. Yoseph Kediri Nursing Home. This research design is Quasy experimental research design through a two group pretest and posttest design approach. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a total of 28 respondents, and then divided into 2 groups who will get laughter therapy or progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study measures Insomnia with the ISI (Insomnia Severity Index) questionnaire. Statistical tests using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Statistical test results in the group with laughing therapy interventions p=0.002 and z score=3.025 while in the group with progressive muscle relaxation therapy interventions p = 0.004 and z score=2.850 which means there is the effect of laughter therapy and progressive muscle relaxation therapy against insomnia in elderly. The laughter therapy intervention gave a more that is evidenced by the reduction Insomnia scale on 11 people in this group, whereas in the group with progressive muscle relaxation therapy can reduce insomnia scale on 10 people.

Keywords
Laughter Therapy, Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy, Elderly, Sleep Disorders, Insomnia

Topic
Health, Medicine, and Public Health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Dw7crQt3p9uz


Disaster Resilient Village Empowerment in the Coastal Area of Ngliyep Beach, Southern Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Sunaryo*, Moh. Fadli, Muhammad Lukman Hakim, Bayu Rahayudi

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Corresponding Author
SUNARYO SUNARYO

Institutions
*Geophysical Engineering, Physics Department, Sciences Faculty, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
A study entitled disaster resilient village empowerment in the coastal area of Ngliyep beach, Southern Malang, East Java, Indonesia has been conducted. This study was aimed for community service activity to foster awareness of the people who live in the Ngliyep coastal area in order to give understanding about the potential of natural disasters in the area where they live. Henceforth, local communities are expected to be ready to face these natural disasters and understand what needs to be done in mitigating these natural disasters potential. The study was implemented by mapping the natural disasters potential in the locations using the reference of general guidelines for disaster resilient villages (regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency No. 1 of 2012) and the village disaster resilience assessment. The assessment was carried out based on 5 components and 26 indicators. Component 1 (quality and access of basic service) consists of 9 indicators, component 2 (disaster management basic system) consists of 7 indicators, component 3 (disaster risk management) consists of 2 indicators, component 4 (emergency preparedness) consists of 6 indicators, and component 5 (recovery preparedness) consists of 2 indicators. The assessment of village resilience is derived from the combined value of all indicators. The combined value based on the weight of each component gives the level of village resilience, with the criteria: Main disaster resilient village (for value >50), intermediate disaster resilient village (for value in the range of 35-50), and Primary disaster resilient village (for value <35).

Keywords
Resilient village; coastal Ngliyep; South Malang: level of village resilience

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/R3ZmL4PNjqQX


Disemination of Green House Dryers to Improve Efficiency of Potato Chip Process
Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh(a*); Widya Wijayanti(b), Jaya Mahar Maligan (c)

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Corresponding Author
Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh

Institutions
(a) Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology
*asmaul_m[at]ub.ac.id

(b) Deparment of Machine Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
(c) Department of Agricultural Product Technology,
Faculty of Agricultural Technology

Universitas Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Batu City is a potential agricultural area for the development of horticultural-based agroindustry among other potatoes and potato chips which is one of the objectives in the Batu City for the next 5 years to give priority to development in the SME,s agriculture and tourism business as a function of community empowerment. SMEs"Rama"is a potato chip production partner in the village of Bulukerto, Batu City with problems are technological limitations in the process of drying potato chips manually and not yet efficient for productivity, only reaching 50% of consumer demand. The drying process relies on sunlight for 10-12 hours (dry season) and 2-3 days (rainy season). The purpose of the application of this appropriate technology is to improve the efficiency of the drying process of potato chips by disseminating Green House Dryers so that the products are more engineered. The results achieved increased efficiency and productivity in the use of labor (time spent working for the drying process will decrease initially 75% to 30%), production capacity and product supply can be achieved according to consumer demand and energy efficiency because it combines heat from the sun and energy which is regulated by a control system so that it will be more energy efficient, minimal production costs and optimal drying time.

Keywords
diseemination; efficiency;green house dryers

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t6cRupk7ZxQh


Dissemination of Flouring Machine for The Improvement of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Added Value
Evi Kurniati1, Agustina Shinta 2, Aris Subagiyo3 and Riska Septifani1

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Corresponding Author
Evi Kurniati

Institutions
1 Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3 Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Tourism attraction may potentially develop from natural and cultural activity in the village. Toyoresmi village is one of villages at Ngasem County, Kediri District, East Java Province that having special product for agro-tourism destinations such like butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata). Through concept of "Integrated Tourism Agroindustry in Village”, Tooyoresmi got supported from the Regional Government of Kediri District and has been stated as “Labu Madu Tourism Village” the pioneer or initiator of the "One Village One Product (OVOP)" program from East Java province governments policy. The problem faced is the availability of a 20% subgrade harvest (Grade B and C) driven to 20% value loss. Thus, it is necessary to find an appropriate technology for increasing the product added value. One of solution is product processing as butternut squash flour that further could be used as raw material for many flour based product i.e. cookies, cakes, cracker, etc. Technology such as flouring machine was chosen for processing the sub-grade product. Flouring machine for butternut squash should be operated on specific dryness of raw product. The best dryness should be 10 – 14 % water content, and pretreated by peeling, slicing and soaking at Natrium metabisulfit 750 ppm to reduce browning. Physical and chemical characteristics of the flour product have been meets Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 01-3751-1995 for water, ash, sugar, fiber and starch content.

Keywords
value added; productivity; butternut squash

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pYbfAnrBJt3x


Diversification of Processed Mushroom Products of MSMEs Development Efforts in Junrejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan, Nur Lailatul Rahmah, Claudia Gadizza Perdani, Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias

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Corresponding Author
Nur Lailatul Rahmah

Institutions
Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Junrejo Village, Batu City is one of the villages that has quite a large number of MSMEs. In addition, there are also groups of farmers who are active in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. The yield of oyster mushrooms reaches 5 kg every day. The harvest is usually sold in raw form without processing into a product. This causes the benefits obtained by farmer groups to be quite small. Therefore, it is necessary to diversify processed products made from oyster mushrooms to produce high economic value products. Community service activities through a doctoral program devoted to inviting farmer group members to learn to process oyster mushrooms into mushroom chips, spring rolls and mushroom martabak. The members of the farmer womens group were given a provision by visiting UKM that processed oyster mushrooms into chips and processed frozen food to foster entrepreneurial spirit. The farmer womens group also received training in diversification of oyster mushroom processed products from the UBs Doctoral Serving team. Hopefully, through this training, can add new MSMEs that produce various kinds of oyster mushroom product.

Keywords
oyster mushroom, Junrejo, product diversification

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PabMGkXHeVfL


Ecodiver Skillfulness for Fishermen Community of Sidoasri Village, Malang, Toward Marine Ecotourim Based on Community
Daduk Setyohadi1*), Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi2, Dhira Khurniawan Saputra2 and Akhmad Zainur3

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Corresponding Author
Daduk Setyohadi

Institutions
Fisheries Resources Utilization Department, University of Brawijaya

Abstract
One year ago (2018) group of fishermen at Sidoasri Village who grouped into community monitoring group (Pokwasmas) has been introduced on types of coral which abundance on their village, conserved their ecosystem by deploying steel reef frame work, transplantation and mapping other coastal biodiversity that was blessed on those area. Dive ecotourism will be key to support marine ecotourism that economically viable alternatively to “sell” of coral reef to the community. The eco-diver is training series to understand the community monitoring group for types of substrate: hard coral, soft coral, rock, sediment and algae. Yet, to recognize of reef fishes such as commercial fish, Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulates), parrotfish, and snapper. Other important ornamental fish is butterfly fish (Chaetodontiids) that important for bio-indicator of coral reef health. Those all education material was taught in room, otherwise to sharp the knowledge, all participants had invited into the sea, practiced and observed marine biota in small group. Overall, the training of Eco diver toward marine ecotourism based on community are well prospect of ecotourism in the future in Sidoasri.

Keywords
ecotourism, community based, ecodiver, biodiversity, sutainable environment, economics.

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/w7ruUCX9pK2F


Ecodiver Skillfulness for Fishermen Community of Sidoasri Village, Malang, Toward Marine Ecotourim Based on Community
Daduk Setyohadi1*), Dhira Khurniawan Saputra2, Akhmad Zainur3, and Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi2

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Corresponding Author
Widi Nugroho

Institutions
1Fisheries Resources Utilization Department, University of Brawijaya
2Marine Science Department, University of Brawijaya
3Electrical Department, University of Brawijaya
*)email: omuzakyl[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
One year ago (2018) group of fishermen at Sidoasri Village who grouped into community monitoring group (Pokwasmas) has been introduced on types of coral which abundance on their village, conserved their ecosystem by deploying steel reef framework, transplantation, and mapping another coastal biodiversity that was blessed on that area. Dive ecotourism will be key to support marine ecotourism that economically viable alternatively to “sell” of coral reef to the community. The eco-diver is training series to understand the community monitoring group for types of substrate: hard coral, soft coral, rock, sediment, and algae. Yet, to recognize of reef fishes such as commercial fish, Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulates), parrotfish, and snapper. Other important ornamental fish is butterflyfish (Chaetodontiids) that important for bio-indicator of coral reef health. Those all education material was taught in room, otherwise to sharp the knowledge, all participants had invited into the sea, practiced and observed marine biota in small group. Overall, the training of Eco diver toward marine ecotourism based on community is well prospect of ecotourism in the future in Sidoasri.

Keywords
ecotourism, community based, ecodiver, biodiversity, sutainable environment, economics

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LDKEWh9Rxn8X


Edible Film Cassava Starch/Eggshell Powder Composite Containing Antioxidant: Preparation and Characterization
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata*, Chairul Irawan, Mariatul Adawiyah, Sigit Ariwibowo

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Corresponding Author
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata

Institutions
Lambung Mangkurat University

Abstract
Edible film is a thin layer that can consume and as a protective food from environment affect such as water vapor, oxygen, and moisture. The edible film which has antioxidant could be preventing from bacterial activity. The source of antioxidant is from “Kelakai” extract. This aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder concentration and cassava starch as raw material for edible film production and study the physical and chemical properties of edible film produced. The edible film was made from a mixture of chicken eggshell powder (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, wt/v) and cassava starch (5% wt/v) in distilled water then added 1.5% v/v of glycerol and 5% v/v of Kelakai extract. The mixture was heated up to ± 96 ºC, 100 rpm for 40 min. Then, mixture was poured into the mold (20 cm x 10 cm) and dried in an oven at 50 ºC for 24 h. The best composition of edible film produced with 10% of eggshell powder which has thickness of 0.174 mm, 1.5 MPa of tensile strength, 27% of elongation at elongation at break. The surface morphology of edible film was shown the rough surface and transparent which contains of CH, OH, and C = O groups that identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis. The antioxidant activity of edible film was shown by scavenging activity about 5.12% after 10 min.

Keywords
edible film; eggshell powder; cassava starch; kelakai

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MRwhfbrLQ3AH


Effect of Acid Concentration on the Aluminum Leaching Process
Agus Mirwan*, Meilana Dharma Putra, Riani Ayu Lestari

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Corresponding Author
Agus Mirwan

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Lambung Mangkurat Universisty, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
*agusmirwan[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
This paper explains a study on microwave-assisted leaching of aluminum from peat clay. Microwave-assisted leaching was undertaken using the Pyrex glass reactor in a modified microwave oven. A research was made of the effect of acid concentration, microwave power, temperature, and reaction time on the aluminum leaching recovery. The dominant presence of aluminous minerals determined leaching of aluminum values in hydrochloric acid medium at different concentration and microwave power. The optimum leaching ratio for 4 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 40 °C temperature, and 15 min reaction time was obtained 67% dan 46,6% for 100 W dan 80 W respectively. The microwave assisted leaching is more efficient about overall aluminum dissolution.

Keywords
acid leaching; aluminum; microwave; peat clay

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2abuRqz3VxZt


Effect of Plant Sound Wave Technology to Increase Productivity of Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.)
Yusuf Hendrawan; Khairu Nur Anniza; Joko Prasetyo; Retno Damayanti, Gunomo Djoyowasito

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Corresponding Author
Yusuf Hendrawan

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Plant sound wave technology (PSWT) is the use of sound waves to improve crop productivity and quality through optimization of the opening of stomata so that plants are able to absorb nutrients and water optimally. The purpose of this study is to test PSWT to increase the vegetative growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). The type of music used in PSWT is Javanese gamelan entitled Puspawarna. PSWT exposure time is given to plants in the morning and evening. The frequencies used are 3-5 kHz, 7-9 kHz, and 11-13 kHz. The mixture of organic planting media i.e. roasted husk, cocopeat, and moss with a ratio of 2: 2: 1 for soil, organic growing media and organic fertilizer. Observations were made on gap of plant height, plant height, plant length, wet weight, stomata opening, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and number of plant leaves. The results showed that the frequency and the mixture of organic planting media significantly affected the wet weight, plant length, stomata opening, plant height, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area, and number of leaves. The best PSWT method for growing mustard greens is using frequency of 3-5 kHz and and moss as the organic planting media. The maximum yield of vegetative growth resulted in the most optimal stomata openings of 70.84 µm – 159.46 µm, with plant height of 19.47 cm, plant length of 29.47 cm, leaf area of 31.99 cm2, the number of leaves is 5.33 strands, leaf chlorophyll of 31.60 cci, and wet weight of 5.01 g.

Keywords
frequency; mustard greens; Plant Sound Wave Technology; planting media

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JgwfhNyRnU3G


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