Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Devi Dwi Siskawardani

Institutions
Department of Food Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.

Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) admits herbal medicines as valuable and available resource for Primary Health Care (Tilburt and Kaptchuk, 2008). Moringa oleifera is an substantial food commodity which had enormous attention as ‘the tropics natural nutrition-. The leaves, fruit, flowers and immature pods commonly are used as a highly nutritive vegetable, particularly in India, Pakistan, Philippines, and several countries in Africa (Anwar and Bhanger, 2003; Anwar et al., 2005). Moringa oleifera proven to have multi-system effects in the human body (Ghasi et al., 2000). It becomes a famous herb in the community, but it is insufficient scientific evidence to explain the mechanism and validate its efficacy apparent uses. Moringa oleifera is rich in compounds containing the simple sugar, rhamnose called glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (Bennett et al., 2003). The previous study proved that Moringa leaves contains β-carotene, vitamin C, protein, calcium and potassium which act as good natural antioxidants sources. Thus it was able to enhance the shelf-life of fat foods due to the presence of various types of antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, and carotinoids (Dillard and German, 2000; Anwar et al., 2005; Makkar and Becker, 1996). The high concentrations of ascorbic acid, oestrogenic and β-sitosterol, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, B and C, riboflavin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, β- carotene, protein, and in particular essential amino acids (methionine, cystine, tryptophan and lysine) present in Moringa leaves made it a virtually ideal dietary supplement (Makkar and Becker, 1996). Drying refers to a process of water removed and decreasing of herbs moisture content, which aimed to prevent microbial and enzymatic activity, consequently product preservation for extend shelf life. The weight and volume reduction of plant will give positive consequences for distribution and storage. Nowadays, consumers are more concerned about healthy lifestyle, the demands for natural and safe herbs are enhancing. Nevertheless, it was very little known about the Moringa leaves phytochemical components based on different drying methods and temperature. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of drying process (method and temperature) on antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids content, and color of Moringa leaves. Antioxidant Activity The drying temperature gave very significant effect (p  1%) on antioxidants activity, phenolic of Moringa leaves. Accrording Chithiraikumar (2017) DPPH assay is a simple, acceptable and most widely used technique to evaluate the radical scavenging potency of plant extracts (its absorption spectrum at 515–528 nm) when it accepts a free radical species. The antioxidant activity was highly loss in oven drying than cabinet dryer treatment. Intense thermal process also might cause significant loss in antioxida

Keywords
Moringa, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, color, drying

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NVYJ63AUMET2

Corresponding Author
Ayu Suci Wulandari

Institutions
a) Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA.
*ayuwulan797[at]gmail.com
b) Agrotechnology Innovation Centre (AIC), Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Tanjung Tirto, Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55573, INDONESIA.

Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes is one of the most prominent kind of pests in garlic which be able to cause large losses in agricultural production. The development of parasitic nematodes is influenced by various factors, including abiotic factors. The research was carried in sub-Laboratory Nematology, Department of Pest and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada from January to June 2019. This study aims to determine three things: the types of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations, the effect of abiotic factors on the abundance of parasitic nematodes in garlic, and the diversity and dominance of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations in Central Java Province. Sampling was carried out in four cities: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, in which all are locate in Central Java and the elevation are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The isolation-Extraction of nematodes from soil samples was carried out using a modification of the whitehead tray method, while the isolation-extraction of nematodes from plant tissues (roots and tubers) was carried out by incubation method. Data were analyzed using a correlation test and regression to determine the relationship between pH, temperature, C-organic and C/N ratio with the population abundance of parasitic nematodes. The analysis was conducted using Ms. Excel. Diversity of parasitic nematodes garlic in various elevations were analyzed using the Index Shannon-Winner. The results showed that there were five parasitic nematodes genera in garlic, namely Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Pratylenchus sp.. The symptoms of garlic infected with parasitic nematodes include tubers experiencing discoloration to dark, nearly black; yellowing on the leaves; stunting of plants; and rolling leaves. Abiotic factors such as temperature has a positive influence on the abundance of Helicotylenchus sp., pH has a positive influence on the abundance of Pratylenchus sp., C-organic and C/N ratio has a positive effect on the abundance of Pratylenchus sp.. The diversity index of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations is relatively low, ranging from 0,90-1,36. The dominance of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations varies at the elevations >1600 masl, 1201-1400 masl and <1000 masl, the dominating parasitic nematodes are Ditylenchus sp., at elevations 1401-1600 masl, the predominant parasitic nematodes are Helicotylenchus sp., and at the elevation of 1000-1200 masl, the dominating parasitic nematodes are Pratylenchus sp..

Keywords
abiotic factors, elevation, garlic, parasitic nematodes

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pGvRejg42XCB

Corresponding Author
Linlin Parlinah

Institutions
Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Winaya Mukti, Indonesia

Abstract
This article presents the effect of the concentration of gibberellin (GA3) and paclobutrazol on the growth and yield and produces sprouted tubers of Solanum tuberosum varieties of granola in vitro. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with two factors and two replications. The first factor is Gibberellins (g) with five level of factors there is, g0 = 0,0 mg L-1, g1 = 0.05 mg L-1, g2 = 0.1 mg L-1, g3 = 0.15 mg L-1, g4 = 0.2 mg L-1 and second factor Paclobutrazol (p) with five level of factors there is, p0 = 0,0 mg L-1, p1 = 2.5 mg L-1, p2 = 5 mg L-1, p3 = 7.5 mg L-1 and p4 = 10 mg L-1. The results showed that there was an interaction between the concentration of gibberellins and paclobutrazol on the growth and yield of potato plantlets of Solanum tuberosum L. varieties of granola in vitro and on observations of plant height but not on the number of leaves, number of shoots and micro bulbs. Gibberellins concentrations of 0.2 mg L-1 without Paclobutrazol good results for plant growth. Gibberellins concentrations 0.15 mg L-1 and paclobutrazol 5.0 mg L-1 can produce good sprouted tubers.

Keywords
gibberellins; paclobutrazol ; potatoes granola in vitro

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8MT3bKwhJBrc

Corresponding Author
Ary Bakhtiar

Institutions
UMM

Abstract
According to (almuarief, 2016), the concept of green marketing was introduced by Bell, Emeri, and Feldman since 1971. One company that applies go green and cares about the environment is Starbucks. Starbuckss concern for the environment is Starbucks policy regarding minimizing the use of tumblers, recycling the tumblers used, and using recycled materials at Starbucks outlets. The purpose of this research is (1) To determine the effect of green marketing on Starbucks Coffee brand image in Malang (2) To determine the effect of green marketing on buying the interest of Starbuck Coffee in Malang City (3) To determine the effect of brand image on buying the interest of Starbuck Coffee in Malang City. This research was conducted at Starbucks Malang City Point and Starbucks Araya City in March-July 2019. The object of this research was a brand image (X1 green marketing (X2) and buying interest (Y). Data analysis used was using descriptive qualitative analysis, reliability test analysis and path analysis The research results obtained (1) Green Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image (2) Green Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Interest (3) Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Buy Interest

Keywords
green marketing, product image, interest in buying

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HLBDkJQgd39N

Corresponding Author
Ir. Abdul Malik, MP

Institutions
Department of Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The objective of the study was to effect of isoflavone soy sauce by-product (ISSBP) on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and clinical blood parameters of laying hens. Experimental animals were 480 birds of 20-week old laying hens of Isa Brown strain, with initial body weight was 1,754 ± 42 g. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and six replications (20 birds each). The treatments were dietary inclusion levels of isoflavone soy sauce by- product as follows: ISSBP0 = without isoflavones, ISSBP40 = 40 mg/100g, ISSBP80 = 80 mg/100g, and ISSBP120 = 120 mg/100 g feed. Dietary treatments were given for 10 weeks from week 20 until 30- week old. Parameters observed were MDA, biochemical blood parameters. Data of statistically analysed. ISSBP significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the levels of MDA, total cholesterol, the low density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL/-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and mortality rate. ISSBP significantly decreased hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocyte count and lymphocytes (P<0,05). There were no statistically significant changes in protein and HDL (P>0.05). Conclusion: ISSBP supplementation in feed can reduce oxidative stress and improve the blood biochemistry of laying hens. Optimal ISSBP supplementation in the feed is 80 mg / 100 g.

Keywords
iso flavonoid

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xLzrHWA8j6gN

Corresponding Author
Nur Ocvanny Amir

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The ease of marketing products through online media, as well as the many benefits provided by online media such as broader market coverage, lower costs, 24-hour internet operating hours, and enabling closer and intense communication between business actors and consumers. This study aims to determine the effect of e-commerce promotion on purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction after purchasing Flowins products. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a total of 80 respondents, the analysis used was quantitative descriptive and path analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the variables used show some results that have a significant effect and some do not have a significant effect. Purchasing decisions in general are not only based on promotional activities on social media and e-mail marketing only, but also can come from other factors other than those variables that can influence purchasing decisions. Interaction factors have the biggest influence on consumers of Flowins product purchasing decisions. While information quality factors have the biggest influence on Flowins consumer satisfaction.

Keywords
Consumer Satisfaction, Effect of Promotion, Flowins Products, Purchasing Decisions

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j2cbPkDg3x9C

Corresponding Author
Indah Prihartini

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Based on this research from Prihartini, (2007a) found three isolates lignochlorin that have high potential in growth, production and enzyme activity, and specifically degrade lignin and organochlorin, grow well in the media are natural carriers of rice straw. But each also has the capability of microbial biodegradation of lignin is different, it is influenced by the composition and structure of lignin in plant cell walls and the ability lignolitik oxidative enzymes produced by microbes (Prihartini, 2008). Third lignochloritik bacterial isolates that have the nature of facultative anaerobic bacteria that can live in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions also can live inside or outside the body of cattle, bacterial growth is also high so that it can be used as probiotics and can be introduced into the rumen to improve the digestibility of nutrients in the rumen and the ability to digest lignocellulosic material (Prihartini, 2007b). The aims of this research were to know the effect of supplementation lignolitic probiotic in rice straw on gas production, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using in vitro residual gas production and to know using the optimal lignolitic probiotic in rice straw The method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 groups. The treatments were P0: rice straw + 0% probiotic level; P1: rice straw + 0.5% probiotic level; P2: rice straw + 1.0% probiotic level; and P3: rice straw + 1.5% probiotic level. In-vitro gas production was observed at incubated for 2. 4. 8. 16. 24. 36. 48. 72 and 96 hours, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using in vitro residual gas production were observed at 96 hours incubation period. The result showed that treatment high significantly effected (P<0.01) on gas production, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The gas production at 96 hours incubation for P3 (73.86 ml/500mg DM) was higher than for control P0 (67.38 ml/500mg DM) and another treatment. The dry matter and organic matter digestibility at the end of incubation for P3 (43.56% and 48.41%) were higher than for control P0 (33.80% and 37.56%) and another treatment. The highest efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was P3 (34.26 g N/kg BOTR) at 96 hour incubation. Degradation of lignin in the rumen is very limited and only a small portion of rumen microbial compound that has the ability to transform not condensed lignin (Kanahau, 2005). Presence of laccase enzyme in the lignolitic probiotic, was able to break the bond of lignocellulose in the rumen which increases digestibility. Residue digestibility of gas production is dry matter and organic matter fermented in the rumen to use for microbial synthesis protein. Based on the results we can conclude that: Addition of lignolitic probiotics in rice straw can increase gas production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis at 96 hou

Keywords
lignolitic probiotic, invitro, microbial protein synthesis

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kTW2jYpzQVEU

Corresponding Author
Moh Abduh

Institutions
a. University of Muhammadiyah Malang
b. University of Brawijaya

Abstract
The head loss in nonlinear bend caused due to the friction of the wall of bend (Li) and changes in the angle slices of bend (alpha). The elements that influence are velocity (U) number of slices (n), the average length of nonlinear walls (Li), angle changes of slices of bend (alpha), friction coefficients (f), gravitational acceleration (g) and pipes slope (I). Equation 12 gives an overview of the analysis by this research model. The results of the analysis of the equation following the hypothesis made that the discharge and diameter of the pipe are fixed and gives treatment to the number of slices the result that the more the number of slices the value of the coefficient of head loss is getting smaller. When inlet flow passes through the bend, changes in direction and collisions of water particles cause turbulence until the downstream of the bend are quite long and affected by the initial velocity. This method expected to provide optimal benefits related in piping networks, especially main networks with a large diameter of pipes. The head is measurable, fast, easy, and economical in implementation.

Keywords
nonlinear bend; flow direction change; head loss; the numbers of the slice (n)

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JRUVnZhDWTgy

Corresponding Author
Titin Herawati

Institutions
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
Background: Cimanuk River is one of the biggest river in West Java. Therefore, the Cimanuk Watershed was dumped and become a reservoir named Jatigede Reservoir. Certainly, Jatigede Reservoir affects fish habitat that lives in Cimanuk River especially because of the flowing (lotik) to stagnant (lentik) ecosystem change. Indirectly, Jatigede Reservoir will also change the water quality of Cimanuk River especially in the outlet or Jatigede Reservoir disposal area. In same research case also shows that there was a population decrease on Chitala sp population species and several original and economic fish species in Kampar Riau River caused by Kutopanjang Reservoir construction [1]. Therefore, a research to decide the food habits, niche breadth and trophic level of fish communities toward the source of the natural food availability in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir outlet is needed. This research was started from May until September 2018, located in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir, West Java Aims: This research aims to determine the food habits, nice breadth and trophic level of fish communities in River Cimanuk at the outlet of Jatigede Reservoir. Materials and Methods: The materials used in the research were the fish sample, plankton sample and benthos sample. The method used in this research was survey method and it was analyzed by descriptive quantitative and descriptive comparative methods. The parameters used in this research include physical parameter such as temperature, current speed and transparency of light, along with chemistry, include pH and DO. The food habits identification, the parameters used include plankton abundance [2], benthos abundance[3], index of preponderance[4], niche breadth[5], and troph rate [6]. Results: The abundance of fitoplankton in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet is approximately 56.349 ind/L - 499.0494 ind/L ind/L. Fitoplankton with Staurastrum genera has the most abundance. Benthos abundance in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir outlet area are approximately in between 44 ind/m 2 –89 ind/m 2 . The highest abundance population is Goniobasis genera of Gastropoda class. The type of fish found in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet Area consist of 6 families, 9 genera and 10 species. The composition of fish food found in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlert is presented in Figure 1. Every type of fish has their own ability to utilize natural food that available in the nature. The study to describe the amount of proportion of food source utilize by one type of fish is niche breadth. The niche breadth of fish in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet shows in Table 1. Conclusion: Fish in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet almost all has a high selectivity in utilizing natural source of food, it show the different with fish in Jatigede Reservoir that has low selectivity in utilizing natural source of food. Jatigede reservoir dam make habitat fragme

Keywords
cimanuk river, food habits, jatigede reservoir, niche breadth, trophic level.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tLCrmQFwGE4W

Corresponding Author
Harun Rasyid

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Soybean seeds have a shelf life of 6 months with storage at room temperature with a water content of 8-12%. The high content of protein and fat cause soybean seeds to experience rapid decline, especially if the storages environmental conditions are not favorable, allowing the process of deteriorating the seeds to be faster. The research was conducted at the Orchids Farm Green House at Dau, Malang and Agronomys Laboratory at Univesity of Muhammadiyah Malang by using completely random Design Completely Random Factorial Design at Laboratory and Randomized Compete Block Factorial Design at Field with two factors that has 3 repetations. First factor is using some invigoration techniques (P), such as; (P1) control, (P2) hydropriming aquadest, (P3) matriconditioning the charcoal of rice husk ash, (P4) matriconditioning+Trichoderma harzianum, (P5) osmoconditioning 0,01 m mol GA3 (P6) osmoconditioning 0,01 mMol GA3+0,1 mMol NAA. Second factor is priming duration (L); (L1) 6 hours , (L2) 12 hours, (L3) 24 hours. The data of observation result was analyzed using varience analysis and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance levet of 5%. The results showed that the interaction of treatments between invigoration techniques and immersion time significantly affected the seed vigor index, plant growth speed, root length, number of leaves both field test and laboratory test, number of flowers per plant, flowering age, number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant, especially in the treatment interactions (matriconditioning + Trichoderma harzianum) both either L1, L2, and L3 treatments provide a real and effective influence in increasing seed viability and vigor and plant growth. The invigoration technique given to the seeds had a very significant effect on almost all research variables, especially the matriconditioning + Trichoderma harzianum technique. The duration of immersion with a period of 12 hours is a treatment that provides effective results.

Keywords
Deteriration, Soaking, Growth.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jvedFkJu8TzB

Corresponding Author
Kiman Siregar

Institutions
1. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University and Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN), Indonesia
2. PT. Enerba Teknologi
3. Department of Agricultural Industry Technology, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia and CV.Mitra Suplindo Pertanian
4. Centre for Agro-Based Industry, Ministry of Industry Indonesia, Indonesia
5. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University
6. Centre for Agro-Based Industry, Ministry of Industry Indonesia, Indonesia
7. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University

Abstract
New energy and renewable widely available in indonesia one of them is the biomass that can be used with of gasification technology. Biomass is organic matter to which derived from biological materials. An example of biomass that can be used among the other corn cobs , the fruit of candlenut , biomass of timber trees in the forest , the meadow , bunches of empty palm oil , the kneecap coconut , and others. In this research, system integration gasification with gas engine which work more properly with CO and H2 was used. one of the advantages of this biomass power plant is that it has a smaller environmental impact compared to other types of plants, such as coal-fired power plants, diesel power plants, and others. Therefore to ensure how much potential environmental impacts are generated, it is necessary to calculate quantitatively through the life cycle assessment method. This research aim to calculate impact assessment on electricity production from a Biomass Power Plant system through a life cycle assessment with boundary cradle to gate in Indonesia.

Keywords
Power plant biomass, life cycle assessment, impact assessment, global warming potential, energy consumption

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kTjXxf6GRQDB

Corresponding Author
Asmawati Asmawati

Institutions
a, b). Food Processing of Technology
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram
Jl. K. H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 1 Pagesangan Mataram 83127, NTB-Indonesia.

Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple are rich in nutritional value, especially vitamine C and bioactive compounds such as tannins that are very beneficial to support health. This research aims to find out the effects of cashew apple juice of lipid profile and its potential as an anti-Hypercholesterol agent. In this study used experimental animals in the form of male Whistar Rats Type (Rattus norvegicus) as much as 21 rats are divided into 3 groups and each group consists of 7 rats were fed with AIN 76 diet for 28 days, given the treatment of cashew apple fruit juice 2 ml, 2 times a day by were force-fed and as control treatment is given only drinking aquabides. The results showed that cashew apple juice was influential for the lipid profile of the whistar rats experiment, potentially as an anti-Hypercholesterol agent by lowering total cholesterol levels (6.37-7.16)%, Trigeliserida (9,71-10,76)% LDL-Cholesterol (11,19-13,37)% and increased cholesterol levels of HDL (6,10-6.46)%.

Keywords
Keywords: cashew apple juice,Anacardium occidentale L., Anti-Hypercholesterol, Rattus norvegicus

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4cKXYeMzuRFN

Corresponding Author
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani

Institutions
1, 2, 3 Department of Agrotechnology, Merdeka University of Madiun, Madiun, 63133, Indonesia
(praptiningsih[at]unmer-madiun.ac.id; srirahayu[at]unmer-madiun.ac.id; luluksb[at]unmer-madiun.ac.id)
4Department of Agriculture Science, Post Graduate Program-University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, 65144, Indonesia (roy_hendroko[at]hotmail.com)

Abstract
Background: Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has the potential as an alternative of bioethanol feedstock without impacting food security. The crop can adapt widely to diverse environments and altitudes and be able to produce on marginal land. The ratoon crop of sweet sorghum also followed the same trend to the main plant. According to Tsuchihashi and Goto (2008), sorghum plants can be harvested two to three times, including main and ratoon crops, so that it can be as raw materials of bioethanol in a sustainability. The sugar content of sweet sorghum stems ranges from 14 % to 23 % (Almodares and Hadi, 2009) and in the second harvest was reduced 20 % ( Mingli, et.al., 2012). Further, to increase the yield, application of biofertilizers in adequate quantities is required. Four sweet sorghum varieties were evaluated in a main and ratoon cropping system 800 m asl (above sea level) during April 2016- January 2017. Aims: The study was conducted to compare the sugar content, juice production, and total biomass between primary and ratoon crops some variety of sweet sorghum in highlands. Materials and Methods: This study had been performed in highlands location was Trosono Village in Parang District of Magetan Regency, Indonesia, with an altitude of 800 m above sea level (asl). This experiment uses a factorial design with three replications. The size of the plot is 3.5 m × 1.5 m and planting distance between rows and within a row are 70 cm and 20 cm respectively. Five plants in every treatment were randomly chosen to be measured. The factors have represented the dosage of biofertilizer are 5 g ∙ plant –1, 10 g ∙ plant –1, 15 g ∙ plant–1, and varieties of sweet sorghum are Suri 3, Kawali, Super 2, and Suri 4. The biofertilizers contain Trichoderma sp, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, and indigenous mycorrhizae. Analysis of variance was undertaken using SPSS version 25, and treatment average separation was conducted using Duncan-s Multiple Range Test implemented in SPSS. Results: The result obtained from Duncan-s Multiple Range Test showed that the sugar content of sweet sorghum all varieties was no significant difference among the means in ratoon crops. However, the sugar content showed an increase compared to main crops. Meanwhile, the volume of juice extraction has decreased in ratoon crops. Figure 1 and 2 showed that the Suri-4 variety increases sugar content and also reduce juice production the lowest. Conclusion: Varieties Suri-4 used as feedstock for bioethanol better than other variety since has decreasing of the sugar content lowest in ratoon crops. References 1. Almodares, A. and M.R. Hadi. 2009. ‘Production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum-: A review. African J. Agri. 4(9), pp. 772-780. 2. Mingli W., Zhanguo X., Brandon T., Glenn F., David P., Zhenbang C., Jerry D., Jianming Y., Yen-Con H., Gary A. P. 2012. ‘Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock by Multiple Harve

Keywords
altitude, biofertilizer, bioethanol, juice extraction, ratoon, sugar content, sweet sorghum, varieties

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/N2fCDFUt3P4G

Corresponding Author
Jaelani Sidik

Institutions
a) Departement Mechanical Engineering, Wahidiyah University
Jl. KH. Wahid Hasyim Gg. Ponpes Kedunglo, Bandar Lor, Mojoroto, Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur 64114
*jaelani_s[at]uniwa.ac.id
b) Student of Mechanical Engineering, Wahidiyah University
Jl. KH. Wahid Hasyim Gg. Ponpes Kedunglo, Bandar Lor, Mojoroto, Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur 64114

Abstract
The problem of plastic waste in Indonesia has yet to be resolved. The amount of plastic waste produced by the Indonesian population is 28.4 thousand tons / day. Surely this problem gives the impression of environmental pollution considering that plastic waste is difficult to be degraded naturally. Plastic structure is a composition of petroleum hydrocarbon components. Surely, plastic waste can be converted into liquid oil. This study discusses the volume of liquid hydrocarbon oil produced from the cracking process of Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 275-350 °C and the length cracking time was 240 minutes. From the research, the total of volume condensate was 1,700 ml or 85% of the mass of the raw material used. From the total volume of condensate produced, there were 8% obtained of solid condensate. So, The liquid oil that was produced from the process was 1,564 ml. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that polypropylene plastic waste can be converted into liquid oil. The volume of liquid oil produced from the pyrolysis process is 1,564 ml or 78.2% of the weight of the raw material being tested

Keywords
Plastik waste;Polypropylene;pyrolysis;Condensate;Liquid oil

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DdqktEvrTVmX

Corresponding Author
Syarifah Ashmi Izzatunnisa

Institutions
University Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Abstract
This study aimed to figure out the internal and external factors, development strategies, alternative strategies, and priority strategies that could be applied in developing orange farming in Karangcengis village, Bukateja district, Purbalingga regency. The descriptive method was used in this study which was carried out by survey technique. The data were analyzed by using SWOT analysis (IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, SWOT Matrix, QSP Matrix). The results indicated that the main strength was that farmers had the ability to cultivate oranges, and the weakness was less quality of the oranges because of the old orange trees. The opportunity was that the marketing of oranges has reached outside the region, and the threat was that the farmers were easy to get replacement goods. The alternative strategies included utilizing market opportunities by increasing productivity and increasing the quality of oranges, expanding marketing areas and attracting new consumers, optimizing the role of government by rejuvenating orange trees through local extension workers, increasing technical capabilities in orange cultivation, increasing supervision in maintenance of orange trees, improving technology to optimize productivity. Strategy priorities that can be applied in the efforts to develop orange farming in Karangcengis village, Bukateja district, Purbalingga regency by mastering market opportunities and increasing supervision in maintaining orange trees.

Keywords
strategy, orange, SWOT analysis, QSPM

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/czejhLTM67Hr

Corresponding Author
Rika Diananing Putri

Institutions
a*) Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Wiraraja. Jl. Raya Sumenep-Pamekasan KM. 05, Sumenep, East Java 69451. *amiliadestryana[at]gmail.com
b) Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Wiraraja. Jl. Raya Sumenep-Pamekasan KM. 05, Sumenep, East Java 69451

Abstract
Sumenep regency is one of salt centers in Indonesia. The problem that experienced by farmers is production process of salt and the low price, caused by worse business management. Salt is potential coomodity, because salt market is still wide open especially for industrial salt. This research aims to develop the salt production method and development strategy of salt business in Sumenep Regency by using SWOT analysis. The result of the analysis concludes that the priority of salt development business strategy in Sumenep Regency are: a) Geo-isolator technology application strategy to produce good quality of salt; b) cooperation strategy in group mechanism to build power and increasing the bargaining value of the farmers; c) capital strengthening strategy through partner cooperatives; d) broader marketing management management strategies to industrial salt user sectors.

Keywords
Development, Strategy, Production Method, Salt, Sumenep

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yQAXL47mrbvz

Corresponding Author
Imam Suswoyo

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science Unsoed
Purwokerto

Abstract
Global warming brings about increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Design based on factorial pettern. The treatment was dose of natural/home made and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 and 600 mg/kg feed. Thus there were 4 treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, as a result there were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1,000 ducks involved. The treatment was applied for two months. Parameters observed were (1) duck welfare based on H/L ratio; (2) egg production consisted of (a) Duck Day Production, and (b) egg weight. This study concluded that administration of combination between homemade probiotic and vitamin C at 600 mg/kg feed significantly increased duck welfare and egg production but did not affect egg weight.

Keywords
ducks, intensive, probiotic, antioxidants, global warming.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HmQ6cMBpdX7W

Corresponding Author
Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami

Institutions
a) Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung 40257, Indonesia

Abstract
This research discusses a brief analysis about treatment of palm oil shell biomass by using physical treatment at different crushing pressure to examine the adequate size of particle for improving the heating value of briquette. The oil palm shell which was applied physical treatment at different crushing pressure of 400 Joule, 550 Joule, and 700 Joule, that resulted in particle size is smaller than 800 µm, 800 µm, 1700 µm, 2000 µm, and bigger than 2000 µm. The adequate size of particle for briquette was found to be 1700 up to 2000 µm, which reached heating value of 4696.2 cal.g-1.

Keywords
oil palm shell, briquette, particle size, remote area, energy

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dC7FkU8v3aVA

Corresponding Author
Wahidin Nuriana

Institutions
Merdeka University of Madiun

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural textile dye taken from the sap from the banana tree part. To obtain the yield yield of dyes and the intensity of the sap collection is done by maceration extraction process. The part of the banana tree taken by the sap is the stem, stem and fruit stalk. This research was conducted with the sorting stage, namely thinly slicing stems, midribs and fruit stalks. The results of sorting are dried in the sun for 5 days in the sun then crushed until smooth with a size of 60-80 mesh. The powder was extracted by maceration by immersing each stem, stem and fruit stalk with soaking media: aquades, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate for 5 days with manual stirring. The filtrate is distilled so that it gets concentrated liquid and in the oven to become a dye powder. In the powder, yield and color testing are done using a spectrophotometer. The most optimal yield produced is on the banana fronds with methanol media. The most optimal color intensity obtained in banana fronds with ethanol maceration media.

Keywords
banana tree, maceration extraction, gum, coloring agent

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XQ6TAhyFBZtw

Corresponding Author
Haznan Abimanyu

Institutions
Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract
Indonesia as one of the largest producer of oil palm in the world generates tremendous solid wastes such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), oil palm frond, and oil palm trunk. These wastes are lignocellulose biomass which is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. Lignocellulose could be a good candidate for biorefinery application. Lactic acid is an important biorefinery product used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical industries, and others. One of the most increasing applications of lactic acid is its usage in the polymerization of lactic acid to poly-lactic acid (PLA). Generally, lactic acid was produced from petrochemical resources through chemical synthesis and still less research on the utilization of carbon sources from lignocellulose as feedstock for lactic acid production. Therefore, this work explores the production of lactic acid from EFB through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) method using cellulolytic enzymes and Lactobacillus delbrueckii as lactic acid bacteria. EFB treated with alkali explosion was used for this study. Hydrolysis process was carried out at 50oC, pH 4.8 and 150 rpm of agitation for 72 h using Ctec2 and Htec2 enzymes. Subsequently, hydrolyzate was fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii to produce lactic acid. Variation of pH (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0) and temperature (45, 50, 55, 60oC) on fermentation was conducted in this study in order to optimize the production of lactic acid.

Keywords
Oil Palm, Lactic Acid, Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jvu6tDTZxaAk

Corresponding Author
wehandaka pancapalaga

Institutions
The Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA

Abstract
Slaughterhouse waste can cause environmental problems. One of them is the contents of cows rumen which is generally thrown away without being utilized. The contents of the cows rumen contain a lot of enzymes besides that it contains a number of potential bacteria as bioactivators in the process of making goat feces fertilizer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of goat feces fertilizer which was fed to the rumen of cattle. The materials used are goat feces and cow rumen contents. The research method uses a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The percentage treatment of cows rumen contents is different, namely 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The parameters measured: levels of N, P, K, organic C, C / N and water content. The results showed that the addition of rumen content in the manufacture of goat feces fertilizer had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on organic C content, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and C / N values, but did not affect (P> 0.05) potassium value and water content. The results obtained by the addition of 15% rumen content in the manufacture of goat feces fertilizer will provide 41.19% organic C levels, Phosphorus 0.15%, 1.59% Nitrogen, and C / N values of 25.05%. The quality of goat feces fertilizer produced has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004. Conclusion that the provision of rumen contents can increase the P, Nitrogen, C organic content and reduce the C / N value in the manufacture of our feces fertilizer

Keywords
Fertilizers, goat feces, Rumen contents, fertilizer quality

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9axkwJXfp7Y3

Corresponding Author
Dian Indratmi

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Brown oyster mushroom is one of the consumption mushrooms with high economic value, so it is important to be cultivated commercially. Several types of plant and industrial wastes, such as dried banana leaves and tofu dregs, are available abundantly in the field. The waste has the potential to be used as a medium for growing consumption mushrooms. This is because dried banana leaves and tofu dregs contain enough nutrients needed for the growth and development of oyster mushrooms. The study aimed to determine the growth response and yield of brown oyster mushrooms by giving various doses of dried banana leaves and tofu dregs flour. The research was carried out using factorial completely randomized design. Factor I: dosage of tofu flour, consisting of 3 levels, namely: 50, 150, and 250 g / baglog. Factor II: dosage of dried banana leaves, consisting of 3 test levels, namely: without dried banana leaves, 100 g / baglog, and 250 g / baglog. The results showed that the treatment of addition of tofu flour with dried banana leaves interacted very significantly in the number of mushroom hoods, diameter and thickness of the hood, the length of the mycelium, the wet weight of the fungus, and biological efficiency.

Keywords
tofu dregs flour, oyster mushrooms, banana leaf waste

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fuUEY3arBMKd

Corresponding Author
Wahri Sunanda

Institutions
Universitas Bangka Belitung,

Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lot of utilization of photovoltaic as a source of electrical energy for the outermost villages or outer islands far from the main electricity network [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore, it is an example for several regions, including in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, which is an archipelagic province with many outer islands inhabited to provide electricity supply. One of them for the people on Kelapan island. Location of Kelapan island in the district of South Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Demographically the Kelapan island has 30 of households whose majority work as fishermen. Currently, the Kelapan island&

Keywords
kelapan island, photovoltaic, electrical energy

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/thJu9bqnECZP

Corresponding Author
Kamol Khamraev

Institutions
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers (TIIAME), Uzbekistan.
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers Bukhara Branch (TIIAME BB), Uzbekistan.

Abstract
Background: Research was conducted on the irrigated fields of educational-scientific center of Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers Bukhara branch, located in Bukhara region, Uzbekistan, over the 2017-2019 years. Aims: the purpose of this research is to achieve high efficiency of water resources through the introduction of ecologically sustainable agriculture soil leaching technologies using biological compound Biosolvent (BCB) under the global climate change and growing water scarcity in arid irrigated areas. Materials and Methods: Field experiments and laboratory analysis methods are used in our research. Soil analysis, as soil temperature, moisture, salinity level, chlorine ion and dry residue were measured through Environmental-Device-Technology (Umwelt-Geräte-Technik GmbH) UMP-1 soil measurement device. Results and Discussions: According to the approved methodology, in field experiments, 3 options for leaching saline soils in 3 repetitions were studied [1,2]. Area of experimental plots – 0.0625 ha (figure 1). In the first variant of the research, soil leaching based on recommended salt solution according to V.R. Volobuev&

Keywords
ameliorative conditions, biological compound Biosolvent, chloral ion, degree of salinity, leaching norm, watersaving technology.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9WkYE4GVmedy