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The 3rd International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE 2019)

Event starts on 2019.08.06 for 3 days in Makassar

http://isabe.agritech.unhas.ac.id | https://ifory.id/conf-abstract/ezjyNT4Cd

Page 1 (data 1 to 30 of 165) | Displayed ini 30 data/page

ACCELERATE EXTRACTION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL IN ACIDITY CONDITION USING SOLAR HEATER (PERCEPATAN EKSTRAKSI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL METODE PENGASAMAN MENGGUNAKANPEMANAS BUATAN TIPE EFEK RUMAH KACA)
Yogi Purna Rahardjo and Jonni Firdaus

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Corresponding Author
Jonni Firdaus

Institutions
Central Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development
Jl. Lasoso, 62, Sigi Biromaru, Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract
The duration of the VCO oil extraction process affects the oil quality. The centrifugation method produces high VCO quality but requires expensive in investment and operational costs. The acidification method with solar heat was produced VCO but it taken quite a long time (8-12 hours) with the success rate depending on the weather. This study aims to increase the success rate of acidification using solar heat method through the use of greenhouse effect type heaters and compare them with the standard of coconut oil quality requirements in SNI 01-2902-2001. The study was conducted in Malonas Village involving 15 women farmers. The VCO were analyzed at the BB Pascapanen Laboratory, Bogor. The acidification/ chemistry method of VCO was tested in greenhouse effect type heaters and without it. The incubation process is carried out by observing the temperature, yield and heating time. VCO was tested for the percentage content of free fatty acids (FFA), yield, visual and aroma test. The result was a decrease incubation time separation amoung water, blondo and oil, that occurred from 8 hours 30 minute (without the use of the tool) to 3 hours 45 minute (using tools). Oil yield increases by 0.9% from the previous method. VCO oil have FFA levels that are in accordance with SNI and APCC standards.

Keywords
virgin coconut oil, acidification, greenhouse effect heater, solar heater

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4WpaURZNvwut


AN ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATED PADDY LAND CONTRIBUTION TO MAINTAIN REGIONAL SELF SUFFICIENCY OF FOOD (RICE) AT BANTUL REGENCY OF THE SPECIAL PROVINCE OF YOGYAKARTA
Sahid Susanto and Agnes Hoki Briliana Suhono

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Corresponding Author
Sahid Susanto

Institutions
Dept.of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University

Abstract
Bantul Regency is a rice barn area for the Special Province of Yogyakarta. For a long time, this regency has been self-sufficient in rice. In the last five years, the conversion of irrigated rice fields has changed to become settlements at the rate of 81.2 ha a year as a result of the population growth rate of 2.04% a year. The study aims to determine the contribution of irrigated land in maintaining regional rice self-sufficiency. The analytical methodology used applies the quantitative analytical description approach to estimate the rice supply-demand balance position for 2006-2015. The results were applied to predict the balance position for the next 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years with 10 scenarios. The results show that this regency has surplus of rice in 2006-2015 with self-sufficiency rate of 1.08-1.28. The scenario simulation results show that the rate of population growth causes the rice deficit to be wider and faster to occur. To prevent the occurrence of the rice deficit, control of land conversion and control of the population must be carried out simultaneously. Land use change also has a high risk for irrigation activities carried out because it causes changes in the water balance, losses to irrigation network infrastructure, lack of water in planting season II and plating season III.

Keywords
land use conversion, irrigated rice fields, population growth, rice self-sufficiency, supply-demand balance

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/phdj4gxCWwPL


Analysis of Domestic and Smallholder Farm Water Demand in Kajhu Village, Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar District
Ichwana Ramli, Dewi Sri Jayanti, Andi Hidayat

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Corresponding Author
ichwana Ramli

Institutions
Agriculture Engineering Departement, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Abstract
This research was to analyze the domestic and smallholder farm water demand in Village Kajhu Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The parameters observed in domestic water demand were discharge, speed, pressure, pressure loss and water demand while on the smallholder agriculture, the parameters observed were daily average discharge on irrigation channel. Pipeline network information obtained from PDAM Tirta Mountala. The data obtained are water supply, water demand, flow, velocity, pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe type and pipe elevation. Pipeline network analysis used EPANET 2.0 software. The results of the EPANET 2.0 analysis were interpreted in the form of pipeline network maps. The maps shows the water flow received by pipelines, pressure, pressure loss and velocity. Based on research, water needs for smallholder farm has been sufficient. Water required for smallholder farm is 658 m3 a day while average debit through irrigation channel is 135.648 m3 a day. Domestic water requirement of 0,499 l per sec while the average discharge based on the simulation result is 0,422 l per sec. Water Distribution to the research location is still not functioning optimally because there are several criteria of pipeline network that has not been fulfilled such as the water debit in the channel is not sufficient, there is a pipe with speed less than 0.6 m / s, node with pressure less than 25 mH2O, pipe length, pipe diameters and the distribution is still uneven.

Keywords
domestic water demand, smallholder farm, EPANET 2.0, pipeline, water distribution

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jcNhXf8EzRHW


Analysis of Environmental Ergonomics in Rice Distribution Center
Zepin Prima Rizki, Mirwan Ushada, Agung Putra Pamungkas

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Corresponding Author
Mirwan Ushada

Institutions
Unversitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Department of Agro-industrial Technology

Abstract
Environmental ergonomics is dynamic effects of workplace environment to worker productivity. Rice distribution center is a value-added agro-industrial warehouse to support supply chain. Environmental ergonomics must be designed to achieve worker ergonomics and value-added of stored rice. The research objectives was to analyze effect of work capacity, workload and workplace environment to worker productivity. The samples were the 8 (Eight) workers in a sack-opening station. Work station capacity were 131.718 sacks per hour. Research hypothesis stated productivity could be influenced by 7 (Seven) variables as 1) age; 2) work experience; 3) workload; 4) workplace temperature; 5) relative humidity; 6) light intensity; and 7) noise. Based on test of independent variables, age, workload and temperature have significant relationship. 11 (Eleven) regression models were conducted to test the variables. The best model was selected based on adjusted R Square, standard error of the estimate, and value on t statistical test. The research results indicated the best model of Hyperbolic with adjusted R square of 0.754. It can be concluded that 75.4% productivity variation could be explained by all variables while 24.6% by other cause. This results confirmed our previous results that workplace environments influence the worker productivity in agro-industry.

Keywords
Capacity, Environmental ergonomics, Rice, Productivity, Workload

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/83XdhrQacGpW


Analysis of heating system on fluidized bed dryer for corn
Sukmawaty (a*), Hardiansyah (a), A Priyati (a), DA Setiawati (a), Syahrul (b)

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Corresponding Author
Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra

Institutions
a) Study Program of Agriculture Engineering, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit No.62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
*sukmawaty14[at]yahoo.com
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit No.62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aims to determine the heat produced from the heating system of the fluidized bed dryer on corn drying process and to calculate the thermal efficiency of the heating system. The method used was experimental with three variables of biomass of 3.5 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg. The corn initial moisture content of around 22% is used and the heating equipment used are a biomass furnace and heater. The parameters in this study are temperature, material moisture content, and thermal efficiency of heating system and biomass furnace. The biggest thermal efficiency of heating system at air velocity 12.19 m/s and material mass of 3.5 kg at 14.93%. The value of thermal efficiency of the largest biomass furnace system at air velocity 12.19 m/s and 3.5 kg material mass of 74.68%.

Keywords
drying efficiency, fluidized bed, heat exchanger

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zz7bkRDQEKxU


Analysis of Soil Erosion and Landslides Based on Soil Hydrophysic Properties in Karangkobar catchment, Banjarnegara
Fiqi Ahmat Farizi (a), Ngadisih (a*), Sahid Susanto (a), Hatma Suryatmojo (b), Putri Kultsum Van Tando (a)

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Corresponding Author
Fiqi Ahmat Farizi

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*ngadisihugm[at]gmail.com, ngadisih[at]ugm.ac.id
b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract

Keywords
Erosion, landslides, correlation, hydrophysic, infiltration, karangkobar catchment

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7NQ2zgRrfMnJ


Analysis of Wind Factor-Based Ventilation Rate on a Naturally Ventilated Single-span Greenhouse
Handarto, Muhammad Saukat, Totok Herwanto, Anggis Utomo Putri

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Corresponding Author
Handarto Handarto

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem
Faculty of Agro-industrial Technology
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of side ventilator opening on ventilation rate based on wind factors and its effects on air temperature and relative humidity in a naturally ventilated single-span greenhouse. Front-and rear side ventilator openings are set-up in four levels: fully close, one-third open, two-third open, and fully open. Air temperature and relative humidity are observed under three levels of solar radiation intensities: less than 400 W.m-2, 400-800 W.m-2, and more than 800 W.m-2. The ventilation rate is analized using the wind pressure coefficient method by calculating the internal pressure coefficient in the greenhouse. The distribution of air temperature and air flow at constant wind speeds is depicted by CFD simulation. At all conditions of solar radiation intensities, the air temperature in the greenhouse exceeds the optimum temperature for cherry tomato plants in the generative growth phase. These indicated that the natural ventilation rate has not been able to lower the air temperature in the greenhouse for cherry tomato plants. At the constant wind speed conditions, the ventilation rate increse with increasing the ventilator opening. At a constant wind speed of 4 m.s-1, the maximum ventilation rates observed when all ventilators fully open and wind direction is perpendicular to side ventilators. The maximum ventilation rates at front-side ventilator, roof ventilator and rear-side ventilator are 0.277 kg.m-2.s-1, -0.5049 kg.m-2.s-1 and 0.228 kg.m-2.s-1, respectively.

Keywords
CFD; Natural ventilation; Single-span greenhouse; Ventilation rate; Wind pressure coefficient

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zfpFwZnTgC8P


Antibacterial Study Moringa Leaf on Making Layer Cake Against Escherichia Coli bacteria and Staphylococcus Aureus
I Ketut Budaraga, Dian Pramana Putra, Cici Wulandari, Willyana

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Corresponding Author
I Ketut budaraga

Institutions
Teaching Staff of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ekasakti University

Abstract
Layer cake is one of the traditional cakes that is very popular with the community. The addition of Moringa leaves is expected to extend shelf life and nutritional components can increase. Moringa leaves are thought to contain antibacterial compounds which are the result of secondary metabolites. This compound consists of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial properties of Moringa leaves added to layer cakes on pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study was conducted in April-May 2019. Testing of antibacterial activity using the well method. The results showed that layer cake with the addition of Moringa leaves as much as 4% showed inhibition zones in E. Coli bacteria at 10.7 mm and S. Aureus at 9.7 mm highest when compared with the addition of Moringa leaves 1%, 2%, 3% . In both pathogenic bacteria tested on kelor that E. coli bacteria showed weaker resistance compared to S. aureus. This is indicated by the E. coli inhibition zone greater than S. aureus.

Keywords
Antibacterial, Moringa Leaves, Escherichia coli, Stapylococcus aureus

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NHRPQpFfGhT7


Application of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis for rapid determination of nutritional components in soybean
Hanim Z. Amanah (1,2), Byoung-Kwan Cho (1,*)

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Corresponding Author
Hanim Zuhrotul Amanah

Institutions
1 Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: chobk[at]cnu.ac.kr

Abstract
The spectral analysis method of Fourier transform near Infrared (FT-NIR) to determine protein, total carbohydrate, and fat in soybean was investigated, and the performance was compared with those derived from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples used in this study were 40 varieties of soybean obtained from Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. The spectral data were acquired using Thermo Scientific Antaris II FT-NIR Analyzer at wavelength of 1000-2500 nm. A Partial Least Square (PLS) algorithm with several pre-processing methods was applied to develop model for calibration and validation. The correlation coefficient (R2) and standard error prediction (SEP) in the data set were used as evaluation parameters for optimal models. The result shows that satisfactory accuracy of prediction was achieved. The FT-NIR method was suggested to be applicable for quantification and prediction of nutritional component of soybean.

Keywords
Protein, total carbohydrate, fat, Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR), soybean

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ULeRvAhE3dbC


Application of Multinomial Regression for Analysis Influencing-factors of Infiltration Capacity in Agroforestry at Serayu Watershed
Ngadisih(a*), Hatma Suryatmojo(b), Prasetyo Nugroho (c), Meilyta Z. Sutyaningtyas (d), and Aulia Novindasari (d)

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Corresponding Author
Putri Kultsum Van Tando

Institutions
(a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*ngadisihugm[at]gmail.com, ngadisih[at]ugm.ac.id
(b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(c) Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Unit 1, Catur Tunggal, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(d) Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract
Serayu is the most risky catchment to landslide and soil erosion in Indonesia due to extreme geo-morphological and climatic conditions and dense population with intensive farming. Hence, integrated agriculture-forestry system (agroforestry) as a method for maintaining ecosystem is an important initial step for sustainable development in Serayu catchment. Landslide and soil erosion are strongly influenced by soil moisture content through the role of infiltration. A higher soil infiltration capacity reduces the volume of surface run-off and consequently soil erosion could be minimized while the susceptibility to landslide would increase. Till date, the literature less explore the influencing-factors of infiltration capacity. Mostly, the discussions are focusing on the role of agroforestry to soil properties, micro-climate, and land productivity. Analysis on factors-influencing infiltration capacity is required for mitigating the susceptibility of landslide and soil erosion. This study was aimed to analyze the influencing-factors of infiltration capacity in integrated agriculture-forestry system at Serayu watershed by using multinomial regression. Two micro-catchments at upper part of Serayu watershed were employed which represent agroforestry and intensive farming. Characteristic of climate, hydrology and vegetation were collected from each micro-catchment. The variables of multinomial regression were involved soil texture, structure, bulk density, particle density, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, root density, and infiltration rate.

Keywords
Multinomial regression; Infiltration capacity; Integrated agriculture-forestry system; Serayu Watershed

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xQbPrp2LDczJ


Appropriate Adaptation of Precision Agriculture Technology in Open Field Cultivation in Tropics
Andri Prima Nugroho (a*), Lilik Sutiarso (a), and Takashi Okayasu (b)

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Corresponding Author
Andri Prima Nugroho

Institutions
a) Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
* andrew[at]ugm.ac.id
b) Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 810-0395, Japan

Abstract
Tropical agriculture production is profoundly affected by the uncontrollable environmental condition. To obtain good agricultural products, farmers manage their farm to fit with the variation of weather and season. The farming managements are generally determined according to farmers personal knowledge, gained from the long-term experience from preceding years. Nowadays, climate change intensifies unpredictable weather and its unstable distribution. Consequently, conventional farming management considering the climate change factor should be considered. The farming management should face the dynamic change of weather condition as well as improve the farmers knowledge towards the implementation of precision agriculture approach. The objective of this study was to introduce an appropriate adaptation of precision agriculture technology by the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) to improve conventional farming management in tropical agriculture production. The framework is implementing cloud technology as a backbone, which can be extended with various knowledge such as data science, plant biology, plant physiology, biophysical, and biomechanical. The appropriate adaptation of precision agriculture represented by the improvement of the conventional farming method using the technological aspect by fostering their knowledge to adopt modern agriculture empowered with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Learning process from data-information-knowledge on the application of precision agriculture will be documented at the PA Knowledge Management System.

Keywords
precision agriculture; open field cultivation; cloud technology; smart farming; tropical agriculture

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yVKaNwBjdm7X


Assessment of rice field productivity by oblique image analysis and neural network
Daniel Useng, Gunawan Bahar, Ahmad Munir

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Corresponding Author
Daniel Useng

Institutions
Dept. of Agric. Engineering, Hasanuddin University
Makassar
Indonesia, 90245

Abstract
The rice production estimation in Indonesia conducted by several government agencies, among others: Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Director General of Food Crop Production and Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture, and the Logistics Affairs Agency (BULOG). The approach used to predict rice production from each of these institutions is different from one another. Because of the different approaches the information obtained varies, making it difficult for users of information to utilize existing data. The estimation are based on the plot sampling prior to the harvest. This technique are not only laborious but also time consuming and need large funding support. In order to overcome these limitations, we applied the oblique photographic analysis technique to cover large area to predict the potential yield. Oblique Photographic Image skews in the air. This photograph done by shooting the near-mature rice crops with unmanned aircraft carrying the carrying camera that has a slightly angled. This skewing aerial photography has the character of the aerial photograph that looks slightly tilted but covering larger area compared to the vertical shooting. The yield prediction conducted by image processing software applying Neural Network method of MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron). The result shows the neural network classification technique on oblique image can determined the rice field productivity especially for low productivity plots with overall accuracy of 69.23 percent.

Keywords
oblique image, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), image processing

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RLXZAhjQmkDT


Brix Changes Kinetics of Sap and Brown Coconut Sugar during Palm Sugar Crystallization using Crystallizer with Steam and Hot Water
S Rahayoe (a*), Ahad, AY Tunjungsari (a), MA Puspawardhani (a), A Asror (a)

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Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayoe

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora 1 Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(E-mail : srahayoe[at]ugm.ac.id)

Abstract
Palm sugar is one of the diversity products of coconut sap. The advantages of palm sugar than brown coconut sugar are easy to be transported, more soluble, has special aroma, and more hygienic. In this research, vapor and steam heater crystallizer was used in palm sugar crystallization process from brown coconut sugar and coconut sap. This study aimed to examine the change in brix during crystallization process. Experiments which were performed during this study used variations of the crystallizer and the raw material as much as 15 kg of brown coconut sugar and 15 liter of coconut sap. This palm sugar crystallization process was divided into two processes called evaporation and crystal growth. Evaporation process was done until the solution of coconut sap turned into saturated point with continuous stirring. Then, the heating process was stopped and the saturated solution was ready to be turned into the next stage called crystal growth. In this research, making process of saturated solution from brown coconut sugar was dissolved coconut sugar using aquades with ratio 10 kg of brown coconut sugar : 1.5 liter of water. Avrami model was used to determine coefficients of brix changes. With empirical equations derived from the modified Avrami models, the value of brix prediction can be determined. The rate constant on the crystallization process changes brix palm sugar with vapor heater crystallizer and steam heater crystallizer from coconut sugar were 3.79 x 10-3 per minute and 1.32 x 10-3 per minute. While, from coconut sap were 2.18x10-2 per minute and 1.63 x10-1 per minute. The Avrami exponent on crystallization process changes brix palm sugar with vapor heater crystallizer and steam heater crystallizer from coconut sugar were 1.9 and 2.1. Meanwhile, from coconut sap were 0.99 and 0,96. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of variations in the crystallizer, but it had significant effect on raw material.

Keywords
Palm Sugar, Crystallization, Kinetics Model

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9ygbCJ8e2Ehd


Characterisation of Boiled Eggs: Pindang Egg and Tea Egg
Noorakmar, A. W.*, Ng, W. M., Fan, H. Y., Mohd Ismail, A.

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Corresponding Author
NOORAKMAR BINTI AB WAHAB

Institutions
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Abstract
Pindang egg and tea egg were processed by boiling in hot water for a few hours with variety of leaves and spices to provide brownish colour and aroma onto the boiled eggs. The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical and sensory properties as well as shelf life of the boiled eggs upon storage at room (250C) and chill (40C) temperatures. Therefore, analyses of ash, protein, fat, minerals, tannin content and texture profile analysis were conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of the boiled eggs. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and microbiological study were used to investigate the sensory properties and shelf life of the boiled eggs, respectively. The results showed that pindang egg was higher in protein and ash content compared to tea egg (p<0.05), but there was no significant different in fat content (p>0.05). Pindang egg also had high sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) content compared to tea egg and hard-boiled egg (p<0.05). Moreover, tannin content of pindang egg and tea egg were higher than hard-boiled egg (p<0.05), and decreasing in trend of tannin content were found up to four days of storage at room and chill temperatures (p<0.05). At day 0, hardness and cohesiveness of pindang egg and tea egg were higher than hard-boiled egg (p<0.05), but the eggs were adhesive (p>0.05). Upon storage at room and chill temperatures, the hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of all eggs were increased (p<0.05). Both pindang egg and tea egg had strong aroma, darker colour, hard and bitter compared to hard-boiled egg, however tea egg showed better overall acceptance than others (p<0.05). Pindang egg and tea egg could last up to four days at chill storage (40C). In conclusion, pindang egg and tea egg had better chemical values, hard, well accepted and longer shelf life than hard-boiled egg.

Keywords
Egg, physicochemical properties, sensory properties, shelf life

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2NxFPWJ37ype


CHARACTERISTIC OF CORN DRYING (Zea Mays L) USING RECIRCULATED COLUMN DRYER
Karyadi, J.N.W.(a*); Suganda E. (a); Hikam, F.(a); Muklis , E.A.(a); Bintoro, N (a)

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Corresponding Author
Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi

Institutions
(a)Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineeering Universitas Gadjah Mada
*) Correspondence author jknugroho[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
The corn ussually are harvested at high moisture content ( more 25% w.b.), therefore at those conditions the corn will be very susceptible to damage such as attacked by fungi, bacteria, or physical damage. Drying using mechanical dryer is must conducted on those product to prevent deterioration. In Indonesia there are few resirculated column batch dryer machines with screw conveyor for circulation, however the information of the performance of this dryer is very limited. The objectives of this research is to determine the characteristic of corn drying using those machine. The material is using sheeled corn that have initial moisture 25-30% (w.b.). The corns were dried using the recirculated column batch dryer that have capasity of 2 tons/batch. The drying chamber has diameter of 2,0 m and the height of 3 m. Heat source of this drryer is from liquid petroleum gas that was delivered by high capacity of centrifugal blower. Drying temperature was controlled using automated thermostat that connectd to the gas pipe. Drying experiment was conducted using 45 oC, 55 oC and 65oC. The measurement of moisture content is used for the determination of the drying rate and the drying efficiency. The quality determination parameters used are bulk density, damage, and cleanliness. The results show that the dryer air temperature affected the drying rate, the efficiency of drying, and the quality of the material. The best drying rate with temperature 65oC average 4,95% / hour, high efficiention at dryer temperature 55oC and 65oC equal to 86,27% and 83,51%, and best material quality with dryer temperature 55oC.

Keywords
Recirculation batch dryers, drying air temperature, drying rate, efficiency

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qrPDWcHV3bLM


Characteristics of bacterial cellulose derived from two nitrogen sources: Ammonium sulphate and yeast extract as an indicator of smart packaging on fresh meat
Andi Dirpan1, Irma Kamaruddin1, Adiansyah Syarifuddin1, Zainal1, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti2

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Corresponding Author
Andi Dirpan

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

2Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
Intelligent packaging equipped by an indicator to detect changes of food quality that packaged. Extracellular polysaccharides layer (e.g. cellulose), synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum and potentially become the material of intelligent packaging, because it was good to absorb pH indicator dyes. Nitrogen source added differently in the medium of Acetobacter xylinum will gives some cellulose different characteristic too. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Ammonium sulphate and yeast extract addition to cellulose characteristic as the material of intelligent packaging. Bacterial cellulose used to immobilized pH indicator dyes such as Bromothymol Blue (BTB), Phenol Red (PR), Methyl Red (RR), Bromothymol Blue-Methyl Red (BTB+MR), and Bromothymol Blue-Phenol Red (BTB+PR). The intelligent packaging will be applied to fresh meat for 24 hours in room temperature storage. During the storage, fresh meat produces Total Volatile Bases Nitrogen (TVBN), TVBN increase during deterioration and accumulated in the package until pH increases and detected by indicator due to color changes. The result shows that utilization of nitrogen source (Ammonium sulphate) produce better characteristic of bacterial cellulose so that the bacterial cellulose used for intelligent packaging. Furthermore, immobilization solution of BTB on pH 2.74 and PR on pH 2.66 in bacterial cellulose shows significant color changes that can visually observe to quality changes of fresh meat.

Keywords
bacterial cellulose , indicator, smart packaging

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Z4M7eYd96BVp


Characteristics of Nano Concentrate Protein Dispersion of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) by Addition of Tween 80
Meta Mahendradatta1*, Yuniarti Lismayasari Imran2, Zainal1, Abu Bakar Tawali1, Muhammad Asfar1

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Corresponding Author
Meta Mahendradatta

Institutions
1 Food Science and Technology Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245
2 Master Programm of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245
* metamahendradatta[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the characteristic of nanoparticles concentrate protein of snakehead fish (Channa striata) by addition of tween 80. The research consisted of two phases. First phase was the manufacture of nano concentrate protein dispersion from snakehead fish and second phase was the drying process of the concentrate using freeze dryer and characterization of physic-chemical properties of nano concentrate protein snakehead fish. The results of particle size measurement after using the sonication method and homogenization with the addition of tween 80 ranged from 331.6 to 353.0 nm. Based on the results of the particle size analyzer (PSA) the best value in the treatment of adding of 2% tween 80 with a polydispersity index value of 0.470, particle size distribution based on volume obtained by 2 size categories namely 101.8 nm and 449.4 nm and the average of smallest particle size ranged from 223.6 to 363.2 nm based on the results of the analysis of electron microscope scanning (SEM). The morphology of concentrate protein of snakehead fish based on the results of SEM analysis before the addition of tween 80 has abstract molecule, compact molecular structure (the molecules stick together) and the size was still in micrometer scale. While the addition of tween 80 showed that the particle structure of granules was not compact so the possibility of being broken down was still very high and in nanometer scale particle size. The physical characteristics of nano concentrate protein of snakehead fish before adding tween 80 included density kamba (0.52 g/ml), emulsion capacity (14.72%), water absorption (2.49 ml/g) and oil absorption (2.16 ml/g). After adding tween 80 the physical characteristics included density kamba (0.46 g/ml), emulsion capacity (48.15%), water absorption (0.42 ml/g) and oil absorption (2.00 ml/g). The chemical characteristics of nano concentrate protein of snakehead fish before the addition of tween 80 included, water (6.98%), ash (6.03%), fat (2.27%) and protein (85.10%). After adding tween 80 the chemical characteristics were water content (5.13%), ash (4.08%), fat (6.48%) and protein (88.28%).

Keywords
Nanoparticle, Protein Concentrate, Snakehead Fish, Channa striata, Tween

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/peB4jWFzngUu


Characterization of aroma profiles of pulu mandoti red rice from Enrekang, South sulawesi, Indonesia.
Fika Sholeha Ilyas(a*), Dr. Lina Yonekura (b*), Prof. Hirotoshi Tamura (c), Dr. Adiansyah Syarifuddin (d), Dr. A. Nurfaidah Rahman (e)

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Corresponding Author
Fika Sholeha Ilyas

Institutions
a) Food Technology, Hasanuddin University
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Tamalanrea Indah, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi-Selatan, 90245
b) Food Science, Kagawa Univeristy
2393 Ikenobe, Mikicho. Kita, Kagawa. Japan. 761-0795

Abstract
Pulu mandoti is a variety of red rice which has a unique aroma. Pulu mandoti rice is only able to grow in two regions, namely salukanan dan kendenan, district of enrekang, South Sulawesi province. However, the volatile aromatic compound has not been studied. Therefore the objective of the research is to study the aroma profile and identify key aroma compounds in pulu mandoti. For identify the aroma profile of pulu mandoti, white rice and black rice from Enrekang analyses. Twenty-five volatile compounds and forty volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry using simultaneously stem distillation for extract aroma compound from rice matrices. Several of volatile compound such as hexanal, 2-pentyl furan, 1-pentanol, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1 heptanol, benzaldehyde. All rice from the district of Enrekang has 2-pentyl furan. The pleasant aroma of pulu mandoti salukanan and pulu mandoti kendenan are probably due to 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.

Keywords
flavor chemistry, SDE, pulu mandoti

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CZWDfURKXcJx


Characterization of Sulfited Fat From Limed Hides Fleshing as a Leather Fatliquor
Sugihartono, Dona Rahmawati, Ageng Priatni

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Corresponding Author
Sugihartono -

Institutions
Center for Leather, Rubber and Plastics
Ministry of Industry

Abstract
The limed fleshing is generated in the beam house process, is the largest amount of waste, rots easily and causes a pungent smell that pollutes the environment. The use of limed fleshing in fatliquor is an effort to suppress the occurrence of pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the physico-chemical properties of fatliquor from limed fleshing. Delimed fleshing with ammonium sulfate and water on a rotating drum. Fat was extracted from delimed fleshing using the wet rendering method and purified using n-hexane. The fat from delimed fleshing was characterized and then processed into a fatliquor. The fatliquors is prepared by reacting fat with aqueous sodium bisulfite (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol / kg based on fatty matters) at a temperature of 85o C for 2 hours. The results showed that fat from limed fleshing can be used to produce fatliquors substances. Based on the physico-chemical properties, the best fatliquors agent is prepared by treating sodium bisulfite with 2.0 mol / kg based on fatty matters.

Keywords
sulfited fat, waste, fleshing, fatliquor, leather

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zrfwFWd8Kcjn


Classification of flour from various crops based on protein contents using near infra-red spectroscopy and principle component analysis
Ira Yuliyanda, Rudiati Evi Masithoh, Nafis Khuriyati, Arifin Dwi Saputro

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Corresponding Author
Rudiati Evi Masithoh

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia has abundant crops that can be used as carbohydrate sources. Those crops are made into flour to prolong the shelf life, as well to ease for handling and cooking. Crops as carbohydrate sources are usually high energy but low protein. The aim of this research was to classify flours made of various crops using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) and principle component analysis (PCA). The samples used in this study were six types of flour made of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were taken using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at wavelengths of 1000-2500 nm. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. Three pre-processing methods were used, i.e. 1st Savitzky Golay Derivative, Normalization, and Standard Normal Variate (SNV). PCA was able to classify flours based on types of crops. The best transformation was SNV which was able to classify all groups of samples with 100% success rate. PCA model was also able to differentiate low and high protein level of samples aligned with the chemical analysis.

Keywords
Protein, Crops, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Standard Normal Variate (SNV)

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j47PdmXvkyn8


Crop Water Requirement Calculations of Longan (Dimocapus longan L.) in Nawungan Orchard, Selopamioro Vilage, Imogiri Sub-District, Bantul-D I Yogyakarta
N A Rahmadi, Murtiningrum, B D A Nugroho, Ngadisih, R Tirtalistyani, Delvan A, A A S E Maharani

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Corresponding Author
Nadya Andriyani Rahmadi

Institutions
1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281
info[at]ugm.ac.id
2) Faculty of Technology Agricultural
Jl. Flora No. 1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Abstract
This research was aimed to measure actual evapotranspiration, to determine of water requirement and crop coefficient (Kc) of longan (Dimorcapus longan Lour.) was cultivated in Longan Nawungan orchard, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-district. Plot scale of water balance was applied to determine ETa, with input components were rainfall and irrigation, while output were ETa, water storage (&

Keywords
crop water requirements;water balance;reference evapotranpiration;crop coefficient

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MrfZcAepmPvX


Crop Water Requirement of Annona muricata L in Nawungan Orchard, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-district, Bantul Regency, DIY
Delvan Alviandi (a*), Murtiningrum (b), Bayu Dwi A.N. (c), Ngadisih (d), Ansita G. (e), Rose T. (f), Nadya A. (g), A.A. Sagung E.M (h).

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Corresponding Author
Delvan Alviandi

Institutions
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
This aim of this study was to apply water balance formula for calculating plant water requirements and the plant coefficient (Kc) of Annona muricata L. The Annona muricata L. was farmed at Nawungan orchard in Selopamioro village Imogiri sub-district. Village monographs, 1: 25,000 scale Indonesian Earth map and climate data were used to gain the purpose of study. An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) was installed in Nawungan orchard to record rainfall, air relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation, as well as soil moisture every fifteen minutes. A set of surface runoff equipment was set in Annona muricata L farming land. Infiltration test was conducted in nine selected location of Annona muricata L farming land and later it used to find soil percolation value. The purposive sampling method was adopted to assign the nine locations of infiltration test. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was calculated by Penman-Monteith method. Later, water balance formula was applied to determine the actual plant water requirements (ETa) and plant coefficient value (Kc). This study proved reference evapotranspiration (ET0) the study area was 5.74 mm/day, the actual crop water requirement (ETa) of Annona muricata L was 7.98 mm/day. Kc of Annona muricata L was 0,557 mm/day.

Keywords
plant water requirements, water balance, reference evapotranspiration, plant coefficient

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ekDnxH9CU8FW


Current Result on Technical Adaptability Study of Korean-Made Agricultural Machinery in Indonesia
Bambang Purwantana1*, Lilik Sutiarso1, Radi1, Andri Prima Nugroho1, Sri Markumningsih1, Rudiati Evi Masithoh1, Jin Ha Yun2, Kyeong Uk Kim2, In Chul Yeo3, and Dong Gun Lee3

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Corresponding Author
sri markumningsih

Institutions
1 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Jln. Flora No.1 Bulakrumur, Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA
2 AGM Systems & Engineering, Suwon, SOUTH KOREA
3 Daedong Industry Co., Ltd., Seoul, SOUTH KOREA

Corresponding Author E-mail: bambang_pw[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
The objective of this study was to test Korea-made tractors and combines in Indonesia to increase their local adaptability to Southeast Asian countries. The tractors are Kioti DK4510 (43HP) for paddy field and Kioti RX7620 (72HP) for sugarcane plantation. The combine harvester is Kioti DSF75GT (72HP). The tractors were tested to work into three types of soils (heavy, medium, and light) that represent the characteristics of paddy field and sugarcane plantation. The heavy soil was grumusol and latosol, the medium was Regosol, and the light was Latosol. The implements used for the performance test was local-made implement with some adjustment. The implements for paddy field were disc plow and rotary tiller, and for sugarcane plantation were disc plow and disc harrow. The tractors performance has been evaluated by the observation of the cooling performance, actual working speed, fuel consumption, and field capacity. Three repetitions of each variation were conducted. The combine was tested to harvest local paddy field in the past season. The field capacity, threshing performance, cooling performance, and easiness of the operation were observed to evaluate the combine performance. As the result for the second year, the plowing field capacity of RX7620 in heavy, medium, and light soil were 0.46 ha/hr, 0.34 ha/hr, and 0.34 ha/hr respectively. The field capacity for harrowing obtained 0.53 ha/hr, 0.47 ha/hr, and 0.58 ha/hr. For the Combine harvester, the field capacity was 0.38 ha/hr. Small modification and adjustment of some components have been performed so as to fit the agro-technical aspect and operational requirement. Performance evaluation of the modified machines and public demonstration will be in our future works.

Keywords
adaptability study; agricultural machinery; tractor testing; local farming field

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GFJtYPh4jUgw


Decision Making to Determine Method to Reduce Knowledge Gap of Irrigation Operation in Colo Irrigation System Using TOPSIS and ELECTRE Methods
Murtiningrum Murtiningrum (a*), Muchammad Ichsan (a), Aseano A. G. Ciputra (a), Sigit Supadmo Arif (a)

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Corresponding Author
Murtiningrum Murtiningrum

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
*tiningm[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
One effort to achieve food self-sufficiency in Indonesia is by developing and rehabilitating irrigation infrastructures. The physical development will perform well when it is accompanied by the human resources with appropriate capacity to manage the irrigation system. The previous research stated that there were knowledge gaps between importance and understanding of some knowledges of irrigation operation. The objective of this research was to determine method of knowledge gap reduction using TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods. The alternatives offered were face-to-face training, sharing groups, internet learning, video module and book module. The criteria to decide among alternatives were available expert, duration, available equipment, and learning habit. The opinions about the alternatives based on the criteria were selected based on respondents response. The analysis using both TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods showed that provision of book module or printed materials the best option to reduce knowledge gaps of irrigation manager in Colo Irrigation System.

Keywords
Knowledge gaps, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, alternative, criteria

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UbMkf4vgQEZ3


Design and testing of vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger as an internal reboiler in the distillation device
Yuana Susmiati, Bambang Purwantana, Nursigit Bintoro, Sri Rahayoe

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Corresponding Author
Yuana Susmiati

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Jember
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Reboiler in the distillation device is a heat exchanger to heat or boil liquid material in the distillation column. In this research vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger was designed and used as an internal reboiler in the distillation device. The aim of the study was to observe the temperature distribution during the liquid heating process in the vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger with different dimensions. The study was conducted by designing heat exchangers (HE) with different dimensions in height, diameter, and surface area (number) of tubes. Times and fuels needed to heat the liquid to a temperature of 78 oC were calculated. Based on observations it was found that the different geometry of the vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger gives different performance. Height, diameter, and the number of tubes (surface area) affect the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient, times and fuels needed for heating liquids at a temperature of 78 oC. In the same surface area but different in height and diameter of the heat exchanger, give a different result in overall heat transfer coefficient (U). HE with the number of tubes 3 and 7 obtained a higher value of U with a tube height of 4 cm and a diameter of 4 cm, compared with the value of U in HE with a tube 8 cm in high and 2 cm in diameter, but the opposite occurs in HE with a number of tubes 5.

Keywords
internal reboiler, heat exchanger, vertical tubular baffle, distillation

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Qyt2dWDCNmKF


Design Of Liquid Fertilizer Applicator Based On Variable Rate Application (VRA) for Soybean
Miraj Fuadi, Lilik Soetiarso, Radi, Sari Virgawati, P H T Nugraheni

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Corresponding Author
MI-RAJ FUADI

Institutions
Faculty of agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
The process of fertilization is one of the phase that is very important in improving the quality and quantity crops. The needs of plants nutrient on one stretch of the fact that not entirely uniform. In addition the use of chemical fertilizer continously with the doses increasing each year can upset the balance lands nutrient therefore it is necessary variable-rate liquid fertilizer applicator to set a dose of fertilizer required by the plant. This study attempts to design and test the performance of variable-rate liquid fertilizer applicator and soil nutrrient test. The applicator can be used to 4 line the soybean plant with distance cropping 40x20 cm. This applicator can control travel speed and dosage of fertilizers that were out of 4 Nozzle. Evaluation and its performance tested in the laboratorium. Discharge that was issued on PWM motor sprayer variations 40 to 100% produce discharge markedly dissimilar variations on each of the PWM sprayer. In application uniformity evaluations use the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation of the discharge range 2.71-12.37% and there is a diversity of N, P and K soil contents in each land tested although the changes are not too different.

Keywords
Variable rate, Liquid fertilizer, Precision farming

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yxDdkhEzpFHq


DESIGN OF PALM SEEDS SORTING MACHINE
Tamrin1) and Budianto Lanya2)

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Corresponding Author
Tamrin Tamrin

Institutions
LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY

Abstract
The need for oil palm seeds in Indonesia has increased lately. Palm seeds can be grown from the kernel. To get a uniform size kernel requires uniform size seeds. This study aims to design, make a separator of palm seeds so that the size of the seeds is uniform. The design phase is done using a CAD program to draw engineering drawings. Based on enggineering drawings, we analyzed and made prototypes of palm seed sorting machines. The size of the prototype is 182 cm long, 50 cm wide and 94 cm high. This machine sorts seeds into large, medium and small dimensions The test results of 300 seeds consisting of 100 large size seeds, 100 medium size seeds and 100 small size seeds, produced 29.5% large size, 30.8% small size 28.2% small size. The capacity of the machine was 72 kg per hour.

Keywords
design, machine, palm seeds, sorting and capacity

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/etKXbdHg2ZD9


Design of powertrain and steering system for six wheels agricultural transporter
Desrial1, RPA Setiawan1, A Sutejo1, IM Edris1, MNA Fauri1, RA Faris1

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Corresponding Author
Desrial Desrial

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java, Indonesia.

E-mail: desrial_ipb[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Transportation activity of agriculture"s production inputs and products from farm to processing house or storage house is generally carried out on poor road condition. Therefore, a special vehicle that can transport the products and able to pass agricultural farm easily is needed. The objective of this research was to design the powertrain and turning system of six wheels agricultural transporter. The design criteria of this vehicle was as follow: load capacity 750 kg and vehicles dimension fits to road class III criteria. The main components of powertrain system and turning mechanism were chassis, engine, gearbox, chain, sprocket, shaft, disc brake and tire wheels. The method of this research followed the common procedure of machine design process and continued to manufacturing and testing. The performance test showed that maximum forward speed without carrying load was 7.8 kmh-1 and with maximum load was 6.6 kmh-1. The smallest 1800 turning radius was 3.5 m at engine speed of 3500 rpm which occurred when vehicle without carrying load.

Keywords
transporter, 6 wheels, powertrain, skid steering

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8Y6VZbmfcEpA


Detection and Analysis of Fruit Maturing Coding Genes in of Strawberry Plants (Fragaria x ananassa) with IAA Induction
A R Ganies1, *, Z Chalvia1, K S Rina2 dan W Ani3

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Corresponding Author
Chalvia zuyyina

Institutions
1Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Laboratory of Plant Systematic, Faculty of Biology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3Laboratory of Integrated Pest Control, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia most popular commodities are strawberries which have high economic value. The indicator quality of strawberries can be seen from level of maturity. Auxin hormones have function to encode fruit ripening genes such as FaPYR1 and FaCHS. This aim of this study to detect FaPYR1 and FaCHS genes in strawberry plants induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The method used planting strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa "Crystal"), IAA induction by three different concentrations (10 ppm, 30 ppm and 60 ppm), genomic DNA isolation, quantitative testing, FaPYR1 and FaCHS genes amplification with PCR and morphological data analysis using SPSS. The results of the analysis using SPPS showed that highest yield of leaf length, leaf width, stem height and stem diameter at concentration of 30 ppm. The highest number of leaves was found at concentration of 60 ppm.The lowest morphological results were found in the control. The highest concentration genomic DNA was found in the red stage fruit with a treatment of 30 ppm and the lowest concentration was found at the white stage at 60 ppm. The results of amplification using PCR showed positive results for the FaCHS gene in all treatments and negative results on the FaPYR1 gene in several treatments.

Keywords
FaPYR1, FaCHS, Strawberry, IAA

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7gGmTwDpyAuU


Detection of Melon Maturity by Using Sound Sensor (KY-037) Based on Microcontroller (ATMEGA328)
Khandra Fahmy*, Ifmalinda, Aliman

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Corresponding Author
Khandra Fahmy

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University, Kampus Unand Limau Manis, Padang-25163-Indonesia

Abstract
The maturity level of melon affects its harvested quality. Harvested fruit too ripe, it causes easily damage and shortens the self-life. The level of maturity also influences on the postharvest handling of the fruit. Therefore, investigation of fruit maturity is required as reference to determine the appropriate postharvest handling on the fruit. Commonly, the detection of melon maturity is conducted by conventional method by using a difference sound while fruit knocked. This method is very subjective because the hearing sensitive is quite different among individuals resulting in difference of maturity level. The purpose of study was to design of maturity detection tool of melon fruit by using sound sensor (KY-037) based on microcontroller (ATMEGA328). The maturity detection tool was designed by correlating between the sound frequency knocked of fruit with their qualities such as firmness, water content and total soluble solid. From the result obtained that the maturity detection tool was very accurate, which the coefficients determination were 0.8, 0.9 and 0,7 for the firmness, water content and total soluble solid.

Keywords
Melon, maturity, sound sensor, microcontroller

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/frM84Pa2KEAC


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