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The 1st International Conference on Environment, Sustainability Issues and Community Development (INCRID 2019)

Event starts on 2019.10.23 for 2 days in Semarang

https://www.incrid.lingkungan.ft.undip.ac.id | https://ifory.id/conf-abstract/ZqBj2h6cK

Page 6 (data 151 to 180 of 183) | Displayed ini 30 data/page

The Earthquake Hazard Level of Makassar City
Bondan Rizky Ramadhan (a), Muhammad Dimyati (a) and Astrid Damayanti (a*)

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Corresponding Author
Bondan Rizky Ramadhan

Institutions
a) Departement of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indoneisa
*astrid.damayanti[at]sci.ui.ac.id

Abstract
An earthquake is a natural disaster that is often found in Indonesia because its geological area is a meeting between three large tectonic plates. Earthquakes have a high level of danger due to unpredictable events. In the Sulawesi region, especially Makassar, in 2017 there was an earthquake measuring 3 SR-6 SR, with a shallow epicenter. Epicenter distance calculation is used to determine the value of peak ground acceleration (PGA) which can then affect the intensity value in the hypocenter. This study aims to analyze the level of earthquake hazard using the PGA value as the basis for the initial reference of earthquake disaster mitigation. Variables used include rock type (geology), slope and the value of peak ground acceleration (PGA). Data on rock types were obtained from the Makassar City BPBD and slope variables were processed from the SRTM DEM. Next, an overlay analysis was conducted to determine the level of earthquake hazard using a GIS application. The results showed that Makassar City had a majority of 94% of its area has a low level of earthquake hazard while 6% of the area that had an earthquake hazard level was quite high in the east of Makassar. The frequency of earthquakes that were felt to be influential by the community (scale III MMI) was only 2 times in the last 3 decades (1996 and 2018).

Keywords
earthquake hazard level, geological structure, Makassar City, PGA, slope

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TWQVN7KULZzu


The Effect of Asiatic Acid and Metformin on The Viability Percentage of Mouse Macrophage Cell Lines RAW264.7 and Mouse Fibroblast Cell Lines NIH3T3
Rizki awaluddin (a), Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih (a), Eti Nurwening Sholikhah (a), Lutfi Chabib (b,c*)

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Corresponding Author
Lutfi Chabib

Institutions
a) Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
b) Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University of Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang km. 14,5, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
c) Professional Pharmacy Education Program, Islamic University of Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang km. 14,5, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
*lutfi.chabib[at]uii.ac.id

Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is caused one them by inflammatory regulation disorders. Metformin has been reported that inhibits the physiological function of normal cells. Asiatic acid, a bioactive compound from centella asiatica has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, but little is known about its toxic effects on macrophage cells and fibroblast cells. Objective:The aims of study is evaluate the toxic effects of asiatic acid and metformin on the viability of RAW264.7 macrophage cells and NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Method: Asiatic acid and metformin with seven concentrations were given to RAW264.7 macropage cell lines and NIH3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Viability percentage is calculated using the 3- (4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltrazolium bromide method and the absorbance is measured at 595nm. Results: Results have shown that asiatic acid with concentrations> 12.5 μg / mL decreases the viability of RAW264.7 and NIH3T3 cells drastically. RAW264.7 and NIH3T3 cells that had been given metformin concentrations of 11.6 μg / mL to 370 μg / mL still showed a large percentage of cell viability. Conclusion: Asiatic acid has shown that the cytotoxic effect is greater than metformin, so it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration of the treatment.

Keywords
Centella asiatica, asiatic acid, diabetes, viability, metformin

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pHmq8FE9Wz3P


THE EFFECT OF COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE FORM OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE INFRASTRUCTUR MANAGEMENT OF PERUMNAS BUKIT SENDANGMULYO SEMARANG
Mutia Fikriyani (a*) and Asnawi Manaf (b)

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Corresponding Author
Mutia Fikriyani

Institutions
a. Student of MPWK, Diponegoro University
*mutia.fikriyani[at]gmail.com
b. Magister Urban and Regional Development and Urban Planning, MPWK, Diponegoro University.

Abstract
The uncertainty in explication of Perumnas area management in the position of handover transition between Perumnas and the city government like this, is very interesting case to study. Because the gap between how the resident-s behaviour in Perumnas when faced with this problem, it is a research opportunity. In this case, initiative and creativity of Perumnas-s residents are expected to grow and develop in order to achieve the aim of SDGs those are designed in participatory manner. The diverse characteristics of the community in the social environment, have indirectly formed social capital, which is giving impact on the participation of residents in managing the Perumnas infrastructure. This research examine to explain the effect of comunity characteristics and social capital to participation of residents in the management of Perumnas Bukit Sendangmulyos-s infrastructure. This research using quantitative research methods with descriptive statistical analysis techniques, scoring, and regression. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, direct observation, and institutional surveys. The object of this research is Perumnas Bukit Sendangmulyo-s residents which is devided into residential types 21, 36, and 45. The result showed that in general, the participation of residents in type 36 was higher than the perticipation of residents in types of 21 and 45. We can see from the total amount of the participation given by the residents. The most participation was given by residents of type 21, in the form of suggestion, advice, and energy. From type of 36, their perticipation some kind of advice, material, and energy. And in type of 45, their participation in advice and in material. Based on the result of regression, yaitu Y = -2.249 + 0.196X1 + 0.182X2 + 0.243X3 + 0.174X4 + 0.168X5 + 0.060X6 + 0.145X7 + 0.239X8 + 0.101X9 + 0.353X10 + 0.222X11 + 0.089X12 we can see that the most variable which is have the strong relationship are information and communication, the types of job, trust and solidarity, cohession and social-s inclusivity

Keywords
community characteristics, social capital, community participation

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4nUAv8cMzVjH


The Effect of Company Characteristics and Corporate Governance on the Quantity of Environmental Disclosure
Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum (a), Shanty Oktavilia (b), Andryan Setyadharma (b), Heri Yanto (a), Arief Yulianto (c), Arum Triasih (a)

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Corresponding Author
Indah Fajarini

Institutions
(a)Accounting Departments,
Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang,
(b) Economics Department, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang
(c) Management Department, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
The aims of this study is to examine the effect of companies characteristics and good corporate governance on the quantity of environmental disclosure. The population of this study is companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) in year of 2017. This study using the top 100 companies on the ASX by the highest market capitalisation as a sample and all companies included and represented on the ASX 100 Index. The results showed that company size, industry type, board size, and gender had a significant positive effect on environmental disclosure, whereas company age did not affect the quantity of environmental disclosure. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that companies that fall into the category of sensitive industry disclose more environmental information than companies that fall into the category of non-sensitive industries. This finding can help regulators draft appropriate laws for the industry regarding specific environmental disclosure practices and conduct environmental performance assessments on companies, to assess the extent to which companies have been responsible for the environmental impacts caused by their operations.

Keywords
Company Characteristics; Corporate Governance; Environmental Disclosure

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AF7YhTjQa6wL


The Effect of Concentration of Personal Care Pollutant in Domestic Wastewater on the Efficiency Removal of COD and Ammonium in Batch Reactor
Nurandani Hardyanti, Sudarno Sudarno, Anggit Endang Jayanti

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Corresponding Author
Nurandani Hardyanti

Institutions
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang – Indonesia

Abstract
One of the dominant compound in a personal care product is sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). This research was to study the effect of efficiency SLS on the removal of ammonium (NH4+) and COD on anaerobic batch reactors. In this reactors, septic tank sediments were contacted with artificial wastewater with an ammonium concentration of 30 mg NH4+-N /L and 300 mg/L COD concentration. Reactors were operated for 15 days with variations of SLS concentration 0.5, 10, 50, 100 mg/L. The best COD removal efficiency and the rate is in the 5 mg SLS/ L with the efficiency value of 99,6% and a reduced rate of 19,67 mg/L. The efficiency and rate of COD removal continued to decrease with increasing SLS concentrations. Meanwhile, the best ammonium (NH4+-N) removal efficiency and the rate was in the 0 mg SLS/ L with the efficiency value of 73.32% and a reduced price of 1.30 mg/L. The magnitude of the efficiency and removal rate of ammonium also decreases with increasing SLS concentration. Temperature and pH values for all reactors were in the range 26-28°C. The pH values in the five reactors were relatively the same both without and with the addition of SLS concentrations.

Keywords
personal care, sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS, anaerobic batch reactor, ammonium, COD

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ECxNup7brwcf


The Effect of Family Resilience towards Household Disaster Preparedness in Coastal Coast District of Sumur, Banten
Gumgum Gumelar, Zarina Akbar, Ratna Dyah Suryaratri, Hanny Erchanis, Lussy Dwiutami Wahyuni

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Corresponding Author
Gumgum Gumelar

Institutions
Faculty of Psychology
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
The tsunami of Sunda Strait that struck Banten and Lampung on Saturday, December 22, 2018 had been claimed many lives, especially in three most affected areas, Pandeglang, Banten, and South Lampung. To minimise the causality, disaster preparedness program needs to be initiated from smallest individual setting, such as family or household. Family members need to understand the steps need to be taken for life survival and property protection during the disaster situations. This research was conducted to determine the effect of family resilience towards household disaster preparedness in response to disasters in Sumur District, Banten. The participants of this study were 174 respondents recruited from the family affected by the tsunami. Disaster Preparedness Measured by LIPI-UNESCO / ISDR Instrument and the instrument for Family Resilience by Walsh Family Resilience Framework – Questionnaire were used in this research. The finding shows that family resilience had a significant contribution to the household disaster preparedness by 27.1%. Furthermore, this study also found a high level of household disaster preparedness among families in Sumur District. However, household disaster preparedness and family resilience need to be socialized continuously due to many family members do not have adequate knowledge about disaster preparedness.

Keywords
Disaster Preparedness, Family Resiliency, Banten, Tsunamy

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JgcDTpNKv39a


The Effect of Giving Avocados (Persea americana mill) and Guava (Psidium guajava linn) on Hemoglobin Levels in Traditional Rice Farmers
Rira Utari (a*), Yuliani Setyaningsih (b), Ari Suwondo (b)

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Corresponding Author
Rira Utari

Institutions
a) Master Student of Health Promotion Program,
b) Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Abstract
Data of Puskesmas (Public Health Center) profile was obtained from Hiang Lestari village midwife, showed that 38% of rice farmers develop anemia. The objective of research was to find out the effect of Giving Avocado (Persea americana mill) and Guava (Psidium guajava linn) on Hemoglobin level in Traditional Rice Farmers in Hiang Lestari village. This study was a quasi-experiment research with Pretest-Posttest with control group design. The population of research was all traditional female farmers fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 30 persons, taken using purposive sampling, divided into 3 treatment groups: avocado, guava, and combined avocado and guava consumption. Analysis was conducted using T Paired Sample Test. The result of research showed that there was a difference of hemoglobin level with sig. value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05 having treated with avocado fruit consumption, with average hemoglobin level increase of 1.3 g/dl, with sig. value (2-tailed) of 0.002 < 0.05 having treated with guava fruit consumption, with average hemoglobin level increase of 1.1 g/dl, and with sig. value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05 having treated with combined avocado and guava fruit consumption, with average hemoglobin level increase of 2.8 g/dl.

Keywords
Avocado, guava, hemoglobin level, traditional female rice farmers

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MEcyCae7HXBL


The effect of molasses addition as binder on properties of dry cow dung pellet
Ari Diana Susanti (a*), Wusana Agung Wibowo(b), Paryanto(c)

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Corresponding Author
Ari Diana Susanti

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia has abundant availability of low calorie-density waste biomass, such as dry cow dung. Improving of this low properties is needed to fulfil the requirements as renewable fuel in thermochemical process. Biomass pelletizing is a promising technology to improve the physical and thermal properties of biomass. Binders may be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, and energy content of densified biomass. In addition, molasses as abundant waste of sugar industries is possible to be used as binder. This study dealed with the influence of molasses addition on physical, chemical, and thermal properties of dry cow dung pellet. Molasses addition of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight from total mass of mixture were then used as raw material of pellet production by hydrolic press machine with 5 tons pressure for one minute pressing time. We found that, the heating value of loose dry cow dung was 4122 kcal/kg and the addition of molasses will reduce the heating value of biomass mixture by 3% to 5%. The addition of molasses increase the water content, ash content, and fixed carbon content of mixture by 2.5% to 5.8%, 0.8% to 2.0%, and 4.0% to 2.6%, respectively, but decrease volatile matter content by 4.0% to 6.0%. Pelletization of these mixtures reduced the water content by only 1% to 4%, while increased volatile matter content by 1% to 8%. Therefore, the heating values were slightly increase by 0.2% to 0.6%. In term of pellet density, the addition of molasses will reduce its density to 1.11, 1.04, and 1.02 g/cm3, respectively, compared to 1.17 g/cm3 for 0% molasses. Therefore, significant reduction on energy densities were found to be 7%, 14%, and 17%, respectively, compared to 4828 kcal/dm3 for 0% molasses. Furthermore, the addition of molasses were signicantly reduce the compressive strength of pellet.

Keywords
binder cow dung molasses pellet thermochemical

Topic
Energy Conservation and Efficiency

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HEFngTKeY8Vq


The Effect of Tax Aggressiveness and Earning Management on CSR Disclosure
Trisni Suryarini, Putri Ulul Azmi, Retnoningrum Hidayah, Linda Agustina

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Corresponding Author
Indah Fajarini

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of Tax Aggressiveness and Earning Management on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure. The test used samples obtained from all banking companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during year of 2015 – 2017 and samples were 41 banking companies. Sampling method used Purposive Sampling. This study used secondary data such as financial report and annual report. The results showed that Tax Aggressiveness measured by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) has no effects on company-s corporate social responsibility disclosure. Earning Management proved to have no effects on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure.

Keywords
Tax Aggressiveness; Earning Management; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kZWjDmNJGn6C


The Effect of Tax aggressiveness nd Earning Mangement on CSR Disclosure
Trisni Suryarini, Putri Ulul Azmi, Retnoningrum Hidayah, Linda Agustina

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Corresponding Author
Trisni Suryarini

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
This study aims to determined the effect of Tax Aggressiveness and Earning Management on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure. Sampling method used Purposive Sampling. The test used samples obtained from all banking companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2015 – 2017. Samples in this study were 41 banking companies. This study used secondary data such as financial report and annual report of companies. The results showed that Tax Aggressiveness measured by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) has no effects on company-s corporate social responsibility disclosure. Earning Management proved to have no effects on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure.

Keywords
Tax Aggressiveness, Earning Management, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vzKAYqBV9yMb


The Effectiveness of Biogas Method from Rice Husks Waste: Liquid Anaerobic Digestion and Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion
Syafrudin Syafrudin (a*), Winardi Dwi Nugraha (a), Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin (b), Erica Suryaning Saputri (a), Budiyono Budiyono (c)

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Corresponding Author
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin

Institutions
a) Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia
*udin_syaf[at]yahoo.com
b) Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Sebelas Maret University, 57126 Surakarta, Indonesia
c) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
Liquid Anaerobic digestion (L-AD) generally was operated in the total solid between 0 until 15%, while the Solid- State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) operated at total solid higher than 15%. In this research, waste of rice husk were evaluated to determine the effect of biogas production of Liquid Anaerobic Digestion (L-AD) and Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD). This experiment was operated in batch system in the laboratory scale of anaerobic digestions and at room temperature, with C/N ratio was set at 25oC. Total solids (TS) was varied from 5, 7, 9, 19, 21 and 23%. Pretreatment of rice husk was needed to lower the high lignin content in the material, with added sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Biogas produced was measured by using the method of water transfer every two days for 60 days. The results showed the chemical pretreatment of sodium hydroxide increase the production of biogas, with the highest yield biogas difference between LAD condition and SS-AD by 14%. The highest yield biogas production in rice husk was obtained at TS 19%, with a productivity volume of 935.5 ml. Specific biogas production in TS 5, 7, 9, 19, 21 and 23% was 57; 56.64; 45.36; 24.62; 15.15; and 12.45 ml/g TS. The concentration of total solid to L-AD higher than SS-AD conditions. Further research needs to be studied is to optimize the yield of biogas with SS-AD system.

Keywords
Biogas; Rice Husk; Concentration of Total Solids; Liquid Anaerobic Digestion; Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion

Topic
Energy Conservation and Efficiency

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VPJnNrdTvZBy


The Effectiveness of Strategy Adaptations on Tidal Flood in The Coastal Areas of Sayung, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia
Iwan Rudiarto(a), Hiranya Rengganis(a*), Annisa Sarasadi(a), Erlis Caesar(a)

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Corresponding Author
Iwan Rudiarto

Institutions
(a) Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof.H.Soedarto S.H, Tembalang, Kec. Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275
*hiranyarengganis[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Sayung is one of sub-district of Demak Regency which located in the nortside of coastal area. For the last few decades, the coastal area has become a tidal flood cause of climate change, and human activities that has had impact on social, economic and environmental aspects. The various adaptation efforts had been done to confronting the tidal flood phenomena. The purpose of study to identify the effectivity of adaptations strategy which related to the tidal flood phenomena. The requiry data includes the adaptations activities, the financial adaptationss activities, the socio-cultural adaptations activities that have obtained more than 100 household samples. Those samples have distribued in the four villages namely as Sriwulan, Bedono, Timbulsloko and Surodadi villages in the northside of Sayung sub-distric coastal area. The data are obtained by scoring method through the quitionnaires. This study can be provided as the effectivity level description of the completed adaptation efforts to decreasing the tidal flood risks or impacts. So that, the efforts results were landfill, floor elevations, household-furniture raising, highly effective. But, Sriwulan local people argued that the household-furniture raising was ineffectively being the solution, if it can not be balanced with the others adaptations for solving the tidal flood phenomena.

Keywords
The tidal flood, the adaptations, coastal, effectivity.

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yqaYEQM6r38v


THE EFFECTS OF MODIFIED LOW IMPACT AEROBIC EXERCISES TO RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY IN SMOKEHOUSE WORKERS IN BONANG, DEMAK REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA
Vicky Dwi Arista(a), Ari Suwondo(b), Yuliani Setyaningsih(c)

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Corresponding Author
Vicky Dwi Arista

Institutions
(a)Alumni Magister Promosi Kesehatan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah-Indonesia, 50275
(b)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah-Indonesia, 50275
(c)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah-Indonesia, 50275

Abstract
Fish smoking is one of fish preservation methods. Fish smoking process use corn cobs as fuel. Continuous smoke exposure and inhalation can cause a decrease in lung function in workers. One of the activities that can be done to improve respiratory efficiency is practicing modified low impact aerobic exercise. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the implementation of modified low impact aerobic exercise. The research was a quantitative research with quasi-experimental method using two-factor completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted by categorizing the sample into four groups: group I was treated by 1-week modified low impact aerobic exercises, group II acted as the control for group I, group III was treated by 2-week modified low impact aerobic exercises, and group IV acted as the control for group III. Each group consisted of 24 samples. The levels of respiratory efficiency were measured before and after 1-week treatment for Group I and II and 2-week treatment for Group III and IV. The result shows that the measurement of Vital Capacity FEV 1 for group 1 that conducted 1-week low impact aerobic exercises showed an increase of 9.63% and group 2 that conducted 2-week low impact aerobic exercises showed an increase of 9.25%. While the measurement of Vital Capacity FEV1/FVC for group 1 that conducted 1-week low impact aerobic exercises showed an increase of 5.75% and group 2 that conducted 2-week low impact aerobic exercises showed an increase of 17.5%. The result of General Linear Model shows that there is a correlation between the exercise using modified low impact aerobics to the levels of respiratory efficiency with p-value 0,003 (α<0,05).

Keywords
modified low impact aerobic exercises, respiratory efficiency, smokehouse workers

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UByhE6CKcjfM


The Efficiency Of Xylitol Production From Corn Cob Waste By Using Stirred Tank Bioreactor-Tubular Loop Liquid Emulsion Membrane (LEM)
Fahmi Arifan (a*), Sri Risdhiyanti Nuswantari (b)

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Corresponding Author
Fahmi Arifan

Institutions
(a, b) Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology, Vocational School, Diponegoro University

Abstract
The alternative sweetener used to beverage and food with a calorie controlled, to control weight loss program or to prevent tooth decay. The alternative processes that are currently being developed are producing of xylitol from xylan of the cellulose biomass. The goal of this study is to determine the most influential process variable and optimum operating condition of xylitol production through enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of corn cob waste. The parameters are the time (30-120 minutes substrate ratio:starter (1:5-1:15 w/w). The result showed a high number of cell on a substrate concentration of 10% led to increase in xylose consumption while the xylitol production is not too large because the substrate is used for yeast cell growth so that production of xylitol to be reduced and the efficiency is low. The high efficiency (25%) occurred in 20% of substrate concentration because the xylose consumption is used for growth and xylitol production. While the concentration of 30% decline in the consumption of xylose by yeast compared with others and the efficiency is not too high. This is because the high concentration of xylose which led to substances inhibitor in the media and the production of xylitol become low.

Keywords
corn cob waste; xylitol; bioreactor

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/teYmbR7QuZTJ


THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN EAST ASIAN AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Shanty Oktavilia1, Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum1, Andryan Setyadharma1, Erma1 Firmansyah2

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Corresponding Author
Shanty Oktavilia

Institutions
1) Universitas Negeri Semarang
2) Diponegoro University

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of financial market development, investment, and trade openness on the environmental quality of East Asian and Southeast Asian countries from 1991-2017. Differences in the influence of the East and Southeast Asian region on environmental quality indicators are accommodated by using the dummy variable of the region. All data is sourced from World Development Indicators - World Bank. The results of this study reinforce the notion that per capita income (GDPCap), the environmental effects of financial market development (FMDev), foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness (TL), influence according to the hypothesis. The Empirical Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis was empirically proven in both regions. Capital inflows and trade openness negatively affect environmental quality, while financial market development (FMDev) has a positive effect on environmental quality in both regions.

Keywords
Financial Market Development, Environment, Trade, EKC

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V7ph8WTBK9ne


The Impact of Disaster Awareness towards Household Disaster Preparedness among Families on the Coast of Banten, Sumur District, Indonesia
Ratna Dyah Suryaratri, Zarina Akbar, Mira Ariyani, Ajeng, Lussy Dwiutami Wahyuni

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Corresponding Author
Gumgum Gumelar

Institutions
Faculty of Psychology
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
Located in the Ring of Fire, Indonesia has become a country with tectonic and volcanic activity with considerable intensity. One of the impacts of these activities is in the form of a Tsunami. In December 2018, a tsunami occurred in Pandeglang, Ujung Kulon, Banten Province with the most victims being in the Sumur District. This research was conducted to determine the level of community awareness and household disaster preparedness in facing disasters. This research is a quantitative study using questionnaires containing statement items to be filled out by respondents. There were 147 participants involved in this study. The study suggests that disaster awareness contribute to household disaster preparedness significantly. Meaning that families with high level disaster awareness are more prepared in response to disaster.

Keywords
Disaster Preparedness, Awareness, household, Banten, Tsunamy

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PbQYtNx6meqn


The Impact of Environmental Knowledge, Environmental Concern, and Green Brand Image on Green Purchase Intention with Perceived Product Price and Quality as a Moderating Variable
Anis Qomariah, Bulan Prabawani

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Corresponding Author
Bulan Prabawani

Institutions
Department of Business Administration, Social and Political Faculty, Diponegoro University

Abstract
In recent years, public awareness and concern of green products has begun to increase. People are starting to pay attention to the ingredients in all the products they use. This condition triggers companies to create beauty products that are environmentally friendly and safe to use. This study aims to determine and explain the effect of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, green brand image on green purchase intention with perceived product price & quality as a moderating variable. The type of this research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sample used was 100 visitors of The Face Shop Mall Ciputra Semarang. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and accidental sampling. Data collection methods used were physical questionnaire and online questionnaire. Data processing using SmartPLS 3.2.8. The results of this study indicate that green brand image and the perceived product price & quality significantly influence the green purchase intention. While environmental knowledge and environmental concern do not significantly influence green purchase intention. The moderation type of perceived product price & quality on environmental knowledge is quasi moderator. Whereas the moderating type of variable perceived product price & quality towards environmental concern variables and green brand image is antecedents.

Keywords
beauty product; green purchase intention; environmental knowledge; environmental concern; green brand image; product price; product quality

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hy92RF7j4zDK


The impact of Living Wall on Building Passive Cooling: A systematic review
Agung Murti Nugroho

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Corresponding Author
Agung Murti Nugroho

Institutions
University of Brawijaya

Abstract
In an attempt to provide a passive cooling effect, living walls (LW) gain more attention from architects, engineers, building planners and researchers. Several types of research proved that living walls could contribute to enhance and restore the urban environment and improve thermal buildings performance. This paper aims to provide a literature review for all different LW systems in order to identify and systematize their primary application, method and performance. This review paper organizes and summarizes the literature on LW when it is used as air temperature reduction for passive cooling in buildings. Thermal performance remains the most prevalent theme compared to others, representing almost half of all publications (53 out of 123), with the top three most highly-cited articles all related to air temperature, energy and pollutan reduction of LW. Continuing to evaluate the contribution of current LW systems to improve buildings temperature reduction and comparing the environmental impact of these systems with other passive cooling strategy. This paper reviews existing methodologies for evaluating thermal performance in a tropical climate and makes suggestions of potential LW for optimum temperature reduction. Corresponding to the initial test, it can be concluded that LW provides great potential in increasing building energy saving by passive cooling.

Keywords
Living wall; Passive Cooling; Systematic Review; Initial Test

Topic
Green Infrastructure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/w4GN7LHBP8tZ


The Influence of Keruing Sawdust on the Geotechnical Properties of Expansive Soils
John Bosco Niyomukiza (a*), Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani (b), and Bagus Hario Setiadji (b)

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Corresponding Author
John Bosco Niyomukiza

Institutions
a) Masters student, Diponegoro University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering
*niyojayb1992[at]gmail.com
b) Lecturer, Diponegoro University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil engineering

Abstract
Expansive soils have proved to be problematic to most Civil Engineering structures. Several researchers have tried to look for different materials which can alter the properties of these poor soils, and among them are lime and cement, which are expensive. Considering the vast quantities of sawdust produced in woodwork departments, they can be used as a secondary stabiliser, thus leading to sustainable technologies. Sawdust not only acts as a cheap stabiliser but also reduces the problem of environmental pollution caused by its poor disposal. This paper examines the geotechnical properties of expansive soil stabilised by Keruing sawdust. The sawdust was used as partial replacement of soil in the ratio of 0, 3, 5, and 7% by the dry soil weight. The investigation was done by conducting laboratory tests on both stabilised and non-stabilized soils. The results showed that Keruing sawdust significantly improved the geotechnical properties of the soil by reducing the plasticity index from 64% to 36% at 0% and 7% sawdust, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength and California Bearing Ratio also improved at 3% sawdust + 97% soil. It was concluded that Keruing sawdust, a waste material could be used as a cheap additive to the expansive soils.

Keywords
CBR; Expansive clay soil; Keruing sawdust; Stabilization; UCS

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fKHycAbEnBNQ


THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA GAS LEAKAGE ON REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING ALOHA SOFTWARE AT PT. CAHAYA GUNUNG FOODs
Rezi Purnama, Syafrudin, Haryono Setiyo Huboyo

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Corresponding Author
Rezi Purnama

Institutions
Diponegoro University
Master Degree of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty

Abstract
A refrigeration system that uses Ammonia Anhydrous in the liquid phase and the gas phase. The refrigeration system has the potential for gas leakage which poses a risk to worker safety as well as environmental pollution to water bodies and air pollution. This risk might have an impact on employees in the factory area and could extend to the surrounding community. This study is intended to be able to analyze the risk of pollution accurately before installing the refrigeration installation. In this study the analysis method that will be used is the statistical method and the use of mathematical models supported by Aloha software. The distribution of pollutants from ammonia gas leakage is influenced by several factors, including the capacity of the refrigeration system, meteorological conditions, and land use. The use of Aloha software in the prediction of zones affected by the spread of toxic substances in the atmosphere can calculate and predict the area affected by leakage events. With modeling done, will get map of concentration and impacted area. The direction and magnitude of the impact of pollution will be known immediately and the potential losses that may arise will be minimized.

Keywords
ALOHA 5.4.3, CFD, Ammonia, Mathematical Models, Dispersion modeling.

Topic
Environment, Health, and Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DfVyer9zZ6Nd


THE POTENTIALS OF BONDO DESO FOR TOURISM IN TUNTANG VILLAGE
MUHAMMAD ISMAIL HASAN, RATIH WIDIASTUTI, CHELY NOVIA BRAMIANA, HERMIN WERDININGSIH

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Corresponding Author
Muhammad Ismail Hasan

Institutions
ARCHITECTURE, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY

Abstract
The increasing number of Tourism village resulted in competition between village to increase their revenue by exploiting its culture, scenery, ambience, and asset. Tuntang village is one of the villages in Tuntang sub-district of Semarang regency that has asset in the form of free wide lands named bondo deso. Recently, this free wide land does not functioning optimally and give almost no income for the village. Formally, In the future, that free wide land are plotted for culture and culinary tourism area. The aim of the study is to provide a good alternative design for tourism in Tuntang village considering the potentials of surrounding area and profit outcome. Method used in this research is qualitative case study. By using case study qualitative, researchers can explore and collect datas as much as possible from research area which is the area for tourism village. The data collected must be related to the theme tourism village and potential things around the site. Prior to collecting data, it is necessary to gain insight about tourism village. The expected output of the study are site plan and design concept for prospective tourism village.

Keywords
TOURISM, VILLAGE, BONDO DESO

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cMLWkY62GbBy


The Resilience Of The Coastal Communities Of Semarang City In The Face Of Floods And Tides Due To The Effects Of Climate Change
Mohammad Muktiali

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Corresponding Author
Mohammad Muktiali

Institutions
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedharto Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia
Email : alimukti890[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The percentage of poor people in Semarang City was 21.52%. Spatially, the poor are many in the coastal areas of Semarang City such as in North Semarang District, Tugu District and West Semarang District. Climate change has caused sea level rise in the Coastal Area of Semarang City. Based on the results of the analysis of the poor in the coastal area of Semarang City, it can be said that various mitigation efforts carried out on the population in coastal areas by the government in the form of increasing public infrastructure such as repairing housing, roads, drainage and clean water supply (Aspects of Response Capacity) combined with training to increase the understanding and knowledge of the community on disasters (the Adaptive Capacity Aspect) and and also the high social capital of the community; it can increase the resilience of the poor due to the effects of climate change (especially rob and flood).

Keywords
community resilience, adaptive capacity, respon capacity, climate change

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PDbnZ2fcdCHr


The Role of Social Capital in Promoting Sustainable Rural Development Area in Banyumas Regency
Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin (a*), Kadar Pamuji (a), Supriyanto (a) , Slamet Rosyadi (b), Abdul Aziz Ahmad (c)

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Corresponding Author
Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin

Institutions
a) Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
* abdul.azns2019[at]gmail.com
b) Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
c) Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Abstract
This study aims to explore the role of social capital in promoting sustainable rural development area in Banyumas Regency, Central Java. This study departs from the problem of a lack of community involvement in a rural development area. Community force or social capital has a potential role in determining the future of rural development. Also, Law No 6/2014 on Village, in particular, Section 2 mentions that social participation becomes a key principle of the rural development area. Using three villages in Somagede Subdistrict Banyumas Regency, this study applied legal research approach and qualitative case study to understand the existing community forces in supporting a pilot project of the rural development area in Somagede Subdistrict. Informants were purposively selected representing community leaders, village government, young leaders, and village development cadres. Our results show that various community-based organizations have developed well in three villages. There are at least 4 types of community-based organizations, namely tourism, agriculture, animal husbandry, and small industries. Besides, local wisdom also still exists in three villages including Suran and Sadrana. Klinting Village, which is partly a Hindu community, celebrates Nyepi. In terms of performing arts, all three villages have lumping horse and wayang lengger performing arts. The Tangeran Village specifically has additional performing arts from Beans. In the legal perspective, implementation of rural development area project should take community-based organizations and local wisdom into account. The village law also states that implementation of rural development area will require all elements in the village to have a common perception, common vision, common mission and common purpose. Involvement of social capital elements in rural development will promote the sustainability of rural development area project. Therefore, the findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the role of social capital in promoting sustainable development area.

Keywords
social capital; sustainable rural development area; legal study; Banyumas

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/K6NDk4P8Buge


Trade Off Between Poverty and Environmental Degradation: Evidence From Indonesia
Andryan Setyadharma, Shanty Oktavilia, Dyah Maya Nihayah, Prasetyo Ari Bowo and Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum

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Corresponding Author
Andryan Setyadharma

Institutions
Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Poverty and environmental issues are correlated. Many reports suggest that poverty contributes to environmental degradation. Therefore, it is believed that the improvement of the quality of environment must be started by alleviating poverty. The objectives of this study are to find the impact of poverty to environmental degradation, and vice versa. This study uses data panel from 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2012 to 2017. Contrary to the believe, the results show that the effort to reduce poverty resulting in more environmental degradation. On the other way, the effort to improve the quality of environment resulting high level of poverty. This imply that there is a consequence to reduce the poverty, i.e. low quality of environment. the trade off occurs because when the government tries to reduce poverty rate then the quality of environment also reduce, and if the government wants to improve the quality of environment, then the level of poverty will increase. this study suggests that the government must carefully conduct the poverty alleviation programs that create less harm to environment.

Keywords
Poverty, Environmental Degradation, Trade Off, Data Panel

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9HrUYjtpZcgv


Treatment of Leachate using Electrocoagulation Technology; Study Case in Jatibarang Landfill-Semarang City
Wiharyanto Oktiawan(1), Ika Bagus Priyambada(2), Rachmad Ardhianto(3)

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Corresponding Author
Wiharyanto Oktiawan

Institutions
(1,2)Departement Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, (3) Student in Master of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
Leachate are dominantly recalcitrant organic pollutants, and thus before its discharge to the environment, leachate must be treated. In this study, electrochemical processes, using aluminum and iron electrode in electrocoagulation, were used to remove non-biodegradable compounds in leachate. The electrocoagulation was conducted as main treatment at flow rate 20 ml/minutes and 40 ml/minutes and constant volatage of 5 volt, and 10 volt. The results showed that aluminum electrocoagulation was effective to remove organic pollutant (measured as COD) 54,08% (2,5 g) using 10 volt and flow rate 20 ml/minutes, respectively, while maintaining its initial pH condition at 5,7-6,6. applied voltage 20 ml/minutes using iron electrode provides results 33,7% (1,9 g) removal of COD, by using Fe electrode provides increasing pH 6,0 to 9,1. This implies that higher voltage and minimum flow rate at aluminum and iron electrode was likely to affect higher COD removal than minimum voltage and higher flow rate. Overall, electrocoagulation processes can be used as alternative method for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants of leachate in Jatibarang landfill Semarang City.

Keywords
electrochemical; electrocoagulation; electrode; flowrate; leachate; recalcitrant

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZVzU468Wk7Re


Using Geographically Weighted – Binary Logistic Regression to Analyze Land Cover Change Phenomenon (Case Study: Northern West Java Development Region)
Qonita R. Muzdalifah (a), Albertus Deliar (a), Riantini Virtriana (a), Arvy Naufal (a), Ivan Satria Ajie (a)

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Corresponding Author
Qonita Rahma Muzdalifah

Institutions
a) Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, 40132, Indonesia
Email: qonitarahmamz[at]gmail.com; albert[at]gd.itb.ac.id; riantini[at]gd.itb.ac.id; arvynfl[at]gmail.com; ivansatriaajie[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Land is one of the important resources that can be used to supply the needs of human life. Uncontrolled land utilization will cause land cover change phenomenon. Land cover change phenomenon can be analyzed by using a model. To get an accurate result, the selection of models in the analysis of land cover change must be based on the characteristics of land cover change phenomenon itself. Land cover change is a binary phenomenon and strongly related to the local characteristics of a region. A model that can be used in the analysis of binary phenomena is Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model. However, the application of BLR model has a disadvantage. BLR model is one of the global models which assumes that the analyzed phenomenon has homogeneous characteristics for the entire study area. This does not correspond to the characteristic of land cover change phenomenon. Therefore, we need another local model that is able to show local characteristic variations of land cover change. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is one of the local spatial regression techniques that can be used to analyze phenomena that have spatially heterogeneous characteristics. The application of GWR model for binary phenomena (dependent variable) such as land cover change is called Geographically Weighted – Binary Logistic Regression (GW-BLR) model. This research aims to analyze land cover change phenomenon in the Northern West Java development region using GW-BLR and compares the result to BLR model. The results of this research indicate that the analysis of land cover change in the Northern West Java development region using GW-BLR model has a higher level of accuracy compared to BLR model. The modeling results of land cover change using GW-BLR model has an overall accuracy value of 91.10% and using BLR model has an overall accuracy value of 84.09%. Therefore, it can be concluded that land cover change phenomenon in Northern West Java development region can be analyzed more accurately by considering its local spatial characteristics through using the GW-BLR model.

Keywords
Land cover change; Geographically weighted–binary logistic regression; Binary logistic regression

Topic
Urban Development and Resilient Community

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fu6YnkyaDwZx


UTILIZATION OF SHRIMP SHELL WASTE IN THE COASTAL AREA OF TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR DISTRICT AS AN ALTERNATIVE COAGULANT IN PEAT WATER TREATMENT
Siti Umi Kalsum, M.Eng, Indro Setiono

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Corresponding Author
Siti Umi Kalsum

Institutions
Department of Environmental Engineering University of Batanghari Jambi, Indonesia

Abstract
Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency is a coastal area with peat water as clean water to meet daily needs. Peat water is not treated in advance by residents. This area is also a producer of marine resources in the form of shrimp which is a commodity in coastal regions. Shrimp are only used for meat, while shrimp shells, tails, heads become waste. Shrimp shell waste (chitosan) contains protein (25% - 40%), calcium carbonate (45% - 50%), and chitin (15% - 20%), but the magnitude of the component content depends on the type of shrimp. The purpose of this study is to utilize shrimp shells into alternative coagulants and determine the optimum dose of chitosan in reducing parameters in peat water. Shrimp shell waste (chitosan) into powder, then chitosan powder is used to treat peat water and determine the optimum dose of shrimp shell powder in reducing peat water parameters. The parameters tested were pH, color, iron, organic matter. The efficiency of shrimp shell waste powder in reducing peat water parameters. Variation of shrimp shell waste dosage (chitosan) at a dose of 100 mg / l, 200 mg / l, 400 mg / l and 500 mg / l. The results showed that the optimum dose of shrimp shells (chitosan) at a dose of 400 mg / l acidity degree (pH) efficiency could increase up to 75.00%, at a dose of 100 mg / l, the color parameter was able to reduce 49.52%, the iron parameter (Fe) able to reduce 90.20%, and settings of organic matter (KMnO4) reduce 73.49%.

Keywords
shrimp shell waste, Tanjung Jabung Timur District, alternative coagulant, peat water

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TexatRKgJZ8y


Valuation of Coastal Ecosystem Services: a case of Tangerang Regency, Indonesia
Farha Widya Asrofani*, Hayati Sari Hasibuan, Kosuke Mizuno

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Corresponding Author
Farha widya Asrofani

Institutions
School of Environmental Science, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
*farhawidya13[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The north coast of Tangerang Regency, which borders directly with the Java sea, has great potential to be developed and made several coastal areas like the center of economic growth. Coastal Tangerang Regency also has several ecosystem components such as mangrove ecosystems and sand beaches ecosystem, which are currently degradation. Development planning with an ecosystem service approach is essential to understand as an effort to overcome trade-offs between development and the environment. This study aims to assess the Tangerang Regency coastal ecosystem services. The method used is the total economic value approach. Ecosystem services that will be analyzed are mangrove ecosystem services, and sand beach ecosystem services that are on the coast of Tangerang Regency. The data used is secondary data in the last five years (2014-2019). The results showed that the total value of coastal ecosystem services in the Tangerang Regency was IDR 32.610.028.060 per year or the US $ 2,29 million. This value can be considered to protect coastal ecosystems and increase the welfare of coastal communities that depend on ecosystem services. Environmental, economic, and social aspects need to be considered together to create a comprehensive development planning unit.

Keywords
coastal ecosystems, economic valuations, ecosystem services, mangroves, sand beaches

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3tQywADHVmcC


Value of the Ash Opacity on the Performance of Incinerator As a Result of System Variations
Fadel Iqbal Muhammad (a*), Dayoe Imaniar Gita (b), Dian Pertiwi (b), Felita Rahma Aulia (b)

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Corresponding Author
Dayoe Imaniar Gita

Institutions
a) Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
b) Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia

Abstract
About 15% of the total population of Semarang City does not get any waste management service. The lack of the infrastructure for collecting and processing waste, transportation, and disposal of the waste in the unserved area are believed to be the causes of the problem. As a result, incineration becomes the solution chosen for some people. Unfortunately, incineration has negative effects. The ash produced by the incineration contains pollutants. To reduce the ash, the pollutant control devices that can be applied to the incinerator are needed. It is also necessary to monitor air quality emissions to find out the ash opacity value of a burning material. The modification into two variations was carried out to determine the performance of the incinerator. The first system variation uses the principle of spreading water on the ash produced by the incineration. While the second system variation uses the principle of passing the ash in the submerged water. The composition of the waste burned in the incinerator was 38.115% leaves, 3.458% branches, and 20.475% food scraps. The measurement of the opacity value is done at the inlet and outlet of the incinerator.

Keywords
Incinerator; First system variation; Second system variation; Opacity value

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7Hf6rjYzdXCp


Vulnerability of the East Coast of Balikpapan City East Kalimantan (Lamaru Beach - Klandasan Beach)
Talita Rahma Camila(a), Ratna Saraswati(b)

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Corresponding Author
Talita Rahma Camila

Institutions
Geography, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Balikpapan City is a city that is along the east coast of Kalimantan Island. The city of Balikpapan is directly adjacent to the Makassar Strait. The problem faced by Balikpapan City is the function of the land, namely the reclamation of the construction of shopping centers which results in changing the shape of the coast so that it has the potential to experience abrasion. In the city of Balikpapan for the past 6 years there has been an abrasion of 40 meters which has resulted in a decrease in Regional Original Income (PAD). Research on the vulnerability of the east coast of Balikpapan City to changes in coastline in 2005 and 2018 was focused on the calculation of social vulnerability and changes in coastline analyzed using crosstab. This study divides the area based on the shape of the beach, namely fine sand beaches, coarse sand beaches, and thick beaches. Based on the results of the analysis there are three levels of vulnerability, namely low, medium, and high. Areas with a high level of vulnerability are found in the rough sand segment. The level of vulnerability is along the fine sand beach segment and the low level of vulnerability is along the shore coast segment.

Keywords
Coastal Vulnerability; Coastaline Change; Balikpapan City

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F8BjKNXeARcg


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