Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
ni ketut caturwati

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Fresh water is a basic requirement in the life of living things, especially humans, but the natural conditions with the sea area that dominates the earth make the source of fresh water on the face of the earth very limited. The coastal area and swamp area are areas which in general are very difficult to obtain sources of fresh water. One of the efforts that can be done in overcoming this problem is by treating unsuitable water around it with distillation solar methods. But the main obstacle obtained is the intensity of sunlight that is unstable throughout the day so that the productivity of distilled water becomes unstable. In this study, the effect of the addition of PCM in solar still systems was investigated to increase the productivity of distillate water produced. PCM material is a heat storage material when the intensity of solar radiation is high and will immediately release the heat stored when the radiation intensity decreases. The PCM material used in this study is myristic Acid which is a Saturated Fatty Acid extracted from nutmeg plants which has a melting temperature of around 50 - 60 ˚C, thus this material is very suitable to be used as PCM material in solar distillation systems.

Keywords
fresh water, solar distillation, PCM, myristic Acid, Thermal storage

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tQG2WycVZK4m

Corresponding Author
Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Dolgopolov

Institutions
1 - Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAEN);
2 - State University "Dubna";
3 – Group of companies "RUSSIAN INSTITUTE of oil and gas RETURN";
4 - LLC "Firm "geoseys", Russia;
5 - TP "A&ST", chair. h. mathematics of Samara State Technical University;
&
ACADEMY of the SILK ROAD
with cooperation
JYL, LLC, Houston, Texas, USA
and Earthview Associated, Houston, Texas, USA.

Abstract
Currently, the success of drilling exploratory and exploratory wells is at the level of 40 years ago, despite the significant improvement of traditional seismic exploration, based on the study of mirrored waves as the single source of information about the structure of the geological environment. It is obvious that to increase the success and efficiency of exploration drilling it is necessary to use additional opportunities of seismic technologies. In "Scientific school of oil and gas seismoacoustics prof. Kuznetsova Ol" developed and tested in practice non-standard seismic technologies that allow a high probability to obtain information about the nature of saturation and fracturing of the geological environment. "Seismic locator of the lateral review" (SVSL) and "Seismolocation of emission centers" (SLEC), highlight (in the observable seismic wave field) and position (in a given volume of a medium) wave diffuse reflection and wave microseismic emissions, which in principle give the opportunity to judge the fracture and fluidnation studied breeds. The same technologies can be used to study the nature and degree of depletion of oil and gas fields in order to improve the efficiency of planned geological and technical measures. Adjustments to existing geological models based on the SVSL and SLEC will allow to increase production rates of new wells for infill drilling, sidetracking, to predict emergency the intervals of absorption or release of drilling mud. The following is a brief list of tasks to be solved and some examples of their implementation in Russia and abroad. The effectiveness of SLBO and SLOE technologies was awarded the prize of the Russian Government in the field of science and technology.

Keywords
seismic technologies, drilling of exploratory, exploration and production wells, seismoacoustics, Seismic locator of the lateral review, Seismolocation of emission centers

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MwGBhCyDe4Pj

Corresponding Author
Nazaruddin Sinaga

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*) nsinaga.ccfed[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils is an important foundation for the aerodynamic design and the performance analysis of the wind turbine. The purpose of the study reported herein was to obtain the effect of the free stream turbulence intensity on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoil NACA 4415, by using a two-dimensional numerical method. The study was performed by varying the turbulence intensity from 0.1% to 10% at fReynolds number of 216,000, and by changing the angle of attack from -4 to 24 degrees. The airfoil has a chord length of 0.153 m. The finite volume method was used in this study, and the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil was analysed. The lift and drag coefficient of the airfoil were discussed and validated. It was found that The free stream turbulence intensity can reduce the values of CD, CD, CP and CL/CD, while The free stream turbulence intensity does not significantly affect the wake area behind the airfoil. The decrease in airfoil efficiency observed was caused by disruption of the boundary layer flow which resulted in a decrease in the total pressure coefficient on the airfoil surface. The intensity of turbuence can attenuate the thickness of the boundary layer, which results in a decrease in shear stress on the surface of the airfoil. It is concuded that the free stream turbulence has a significant effect on airfoil performance, where the effect can increase or decrease the performance

Keywords
airfoil, wind turbine, free stream, turbulence intensity, aerodynamic performance, numerical analysis, stall angle, lift and drag

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M7Yv6Xej38JZ

Corresponding Author
Bambang Winarta

Institutions
(a) Water Resources Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
*bambang.winarta[at]ub.ac.id
(b) Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan

Abstract
Understanding of sea bottom boundary layer characteristics, especially bottom shear stress acting on the sea bed, is an important step needed in sediment transport modeling for practical application purposes. In the present study, boundary layer characteristics on transition to turbulent flow under solitary wave over smooth bed are investigated through BSL k-w model proposed by Menter (1994) and it will consider also on the result of laboratory experiment performed by closed conduit generation system. The conclusion says that BSL k-w model capable to replicate horizontal velocity distribution at inner boundary layer on Reynolds number (Re) = 6.06x10^5 and 7.34x10^5. In addition, turbulent spike which is occurred during decelerating phases of oscillatory motion can be predicted by BSL k-w model.

Keywords
solitary wave, boundary layer, turbulence model, velocity distribution

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7mBfT9bCwFZd

Corresponding Author
Soelarso Soelarso

Institutions
Equipe Avenues (EA 7284), Sorbonne Universities, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France

Abstract
The work is related to the Ph.D. subject of the first author on the analysis and design of shallow foundation systems in the context of earthquake resistant constructions in Indonesia. We focus here on a particular system called SNSF (Spider Net System Footing) that has been proposed and successfully used for around 10 years. This paper deals with the analysis of a unit cell of SNSF consisting of an assemblage of concrete vertical ribs and horizontal plate subjected to a central loading. We propose a geometrical 3D model and analyses based on 3D solid and shell elements for a detailed static analysis of the structure under central load or under self-weight. We also report some results considering the soil structure interaction, assuming linear elastic properties of the soil

Keywords
Shallow Foundation, Spider Net System Footing (SNSF), Bearing Capacity, Finite Element Methods, Althair Hypermesh

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/k3zatRDmZbcF

Corresponding Author
Masaji Suryo Jatmiko

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Kec. Sukolilo, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60111

Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been proposed as a replacement to toxic and volatile organic solvents in biodiesel production, used to minimize methanol inhibition effect and enhance the stability of enzyme with low cost so that make the overall process is feasible. In this work, we use low-cost deep eutectic solvents (DESs) a new solvent for biodiesel production from wet microalgae. An energy efficient extraction of alga lipids from wet alga biomass was performed at subcritical condition of water. Subcritical water using DES as co-solvent Choline Chloride and Acetic Acid of algae lipid from wet pastes of Chlorella vulgaris (water content is 80-90%) was examined to investigate the influence of co-solvent ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6), temperature extraction (T (oC) = 125, 140, 160, 180, 200), biomass to solvent ratio, and extraction time (t (min) = 15, 30, 45, 60, 120) on the yield of biodiesel produced. This process is effective on wet and unbroken paste of microalgae biomass, so the FAME extracted using one-step with DES process is feasible for microalgae based biodiesel production. Further we optimized the extraction process and studied on its underlying mechanism. Among all ratio, Choline chloride-Acetic acid DES treatment showed optimal conditions at the mass ratio of DES: ethanol: algae biomass was 20:8:1 with reaction time was 60 min.

Keywords
Microalgae, Lipid Extraction, Deep eutectic solvents, Subcritical Extraction

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qD9Qp8Nrd3ew

Corresponding Author
Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Dolgopolov

Institutions
a) Samara University
b) Samara Polytech
&
* TP A&ST

Abstract
To construct beta converters with maximum efficiency it is necessary to carry out a theoretical calculation in order to determine their optimal parameters - the geometry of the structure, the thickness of the deposition of the radioisotope layer, the depth and the width of the p-n junction, and others. To date, many different theoretical models and calculation methods have been proposed. There are fairly simple theoretical models based on the Bethe-Bloch formula and the calculation of the rate of generation of electron-hole pairs, anf on calculations by equivalent circuits. Also, the Monte-Carlo method is used for theoretical modeling of beta converters. This paper explores beta converter optimization using the Monte Carlo method. The purpose of the study is to conduct a Monte-Carlo simulation of a beta converter to determine its optimal parameters.

Keywords
efficiency, p-n junction, beta converters, Monte-Carlo method

Topic
Computer Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/auUWmtF2N36z

Corresponding Author
Medyan Riza

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdul Rauf No.7, Banda Aceh 23111 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
*medyan_riza[at]unsyiah.ac.id
(b) Laboratory of Industrial Computation and Optimization, Industrial Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdul Rauf No.7, Banda Aceh 23111 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
(c) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh Lhokseumawe, Indonesia

Abstract
Optimization is a method of finding variable values that are considered optimal, effective and efficient to achieve the desired results. The experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between response variable and independent variable and the effect of independent variables to response variable. Multiple comparison tests can be used to find the level that makes optimal response. The purpose of this study was to apply the surface response method (Central Composite Design) to obtain optimum process variable conditions in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The fix variable in this study were 10 grams of tapioca starch, gelatinization of temperature 69-79oC and total mixture weight (base) consisting of starch, poly (NIPAM)-chitosan, citronella oil, 2% acetic acid and water (100 grams). While for the independent variable is composition of chitosan (0.35%; 0.45%; and 0.55% of total weight), composition of glycerol (1.5%; 2.5%; and 3.5% of total weight) and composition of lemongrass oil (0.25%; 0.35% and 0.45% of total weight). The response variable is tensile strenght and break of elongation for each biodegradable plastic sample made. The application of this response surface method can be used to obtain an independent variable that makes the optimal response variable.

Keywords
Biodegradable Plastic, Tapioca Starch, Poly(NIPAM)-Chitosan, Lemongrass oil, Response Surface Method

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BQ6RjWFUGJ8a

Corresponding Author
Soesaptri Oediyani

Institutions
a) Metallurgical Engineering Department, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Banten 42436 - Indonesia
*s_oediyani[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
Sphalerite is the most important mineral in the formation of zinc metal. According to regulation of Ministry ESDM No.5/2017 stated that the minimum grade of zinc concentrates to be exported is 51%. Therefore, it is necessary to do a beneficiation process for sphalerite ore to fulfill the requirements. Sphalerite is hydrophobic mineral, therefore it is the best way to processed sphalerite by flotation. Flotation is the process of concentrating valuable minerals from impurities based on the nature of the mineral surface. Column flotation is a flotation technology without an agitator as a producer of air bubbles like conventional flotation machines. Recovery is the most important factor in flotation and it shows the rate of acquisition of the flotation process. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of air flow rates (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 L / min.), percent solid (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%), dose of reagent frother (10, 20 , 30 and 40 ppm), and particle size of ore (-80 + 100

Keywords
local sphalerite ore, column flotation, recovery, frother, collector

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9r8yMvg7EJbR

Corresponding Author
Gunawan Saroji

Institutions
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
The application of transit oriented development (TOD) was felt to be relevant to support the Light rail transit (LRT) Jabodebek. The increase in property value in the area around the LRT line is significant to note in order to find out the potential revenue from the TOD project. This study aims to estimate property income (housing, commercial, office) in the development of TOD-based areas. Interview method used to get the variable characteristics of hedonic price modeling (HPM) suitability of TOD that will be used as benchmarks. The coefficient of increase in the value of the HPM of benchmarking, which has conformance characteristics with TOD Jabodebek will be used to calculate the magnitude of the increased value of the property. Based on the calculation, it was obtained that property income due to the influence of the hedonic coefficient increased by 161 billion rupiah with an internal rate of return (IRR) 11.7% on Ciracas TOD, Bekasi Timur TOD 74 billion rupiah with IRR 11.01%, TOD Cibubur 124 billion rupiah with IRR 19.51% and TOD Jaticempaka IDR 107 billion with IRR 12.01%

Keywords
Property, Transit Oriented Development, Hedonic Price Modeling

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eVhkcMW9FnLH

Corresponding Author
Azhar Aditya Rahman

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil commodity in the world. Around on fifth of the palm oil processing weight end up as oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). OPEFB is lignocellulosic biomass which contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The utilizations of cellulose and hemicellulose require pretreatment to open the lignin bond that covers those components. In this study, pretreatment of OPEFB using microwave assisted dilute ammonia method was carried out. OPEFB (30 - 40 mesh) were pretreated by ammonia solution with solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 under variated parameters such as ammonia concentration (7.5; 10; 12.5 %), microwave power (280; 560; 840 Watt) and reaction time (3; 6; 9 minutes).The hemicellulose contents of all samples were then characterized according to SNI 01-1561-1989. The results obtained were finally optimized using response surface methodology with the application of Box-Behnken model. The model showed that highest hemicellulose content of 27.3% can be reached at pretreatment condition of 665 Watt microwave power at 7.5 % ammonia concentration for 3 minutes.

Keywords
dilute ammonia, hemicellulose, oil palm empty fruit bunch, microwave assisted pretreatment, response surface methodology

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EUuPvGnkzmhH

Corresponding Author
Yeni Variyana

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*mahfud[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
Essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) or Citronella oil is widely used in industry, especially pharmaceuticals and perfumes. The microwave assisted method was successfully applied in extracting fragrant essential oils on a laboratory scale of extraction, namely Microwave Hydrodistilation (MHD). MHD is a combination of hydrodistillation with microwave for extraction. The purpose of this research was to study several effects parameters (material size, ratio of feed to solvent volume and microwave power) on the yield of citronella oil obtained by the MHD method and to find optimal conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the smaller size of the material, the lower the yield of oil obtained. Then, the smaller ratio of feed to solvents in the MHD method results in higher yields. While the greater the power, the higher the yield produced. The highest yield obtained for extraction using the MHD method are the material size of 0.5 cm, power 800 W and the mass ratio of feed to solvent volume 0.2 g/ml of 1.673% ± 0.0085%.

Keywords
Citronella oil; Cymbopogon nardus; Extraction; Microwave Hydro-Distillation

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YxmEBuXRvaDG

Corresponding Author
Ayu Hapsari Umimaryam

Institutions
(a,b,c) School of System Engineering and Industrial Engineering Faculty, Telkom University, Bandung Indonesia

Abstract
A Pull-based, smooth, and repetitive production system can be supported by a lean logistics. Lean logistics itself has derived the importance of delivering parts in periodically. This paper is an implementing of a mathematical model and a heuristic approach from the previous research about supply system for parts into assembly lines. The supply system in this paper occurs on a just-in-time basis and determined for the design of internal milk-run parts supply system form a warehouse to several sub-stations where parts are colected to supply several stations. The most suitable solution is decided from the least material handling cost and WIP or inventory holding cost.

Keywords
Internal milk run; Inventory holding cost; Lean logistics; Material handling cost; Parts Supply System

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/h3pzF7JxXyrP

Corresponding Author
Dyah Lintang Trenggonowati

Institutions
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten

Abstract
One of the right management of the number of resources is through the establishment of an efficient organizational structure in accordance with the conditions of the airport. PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) is one of the State-Owned Enterprises engaged in the business of airport services in the western region which currently has 16 airports. With the growing needs of air transportation, PT. Angkasa Pura II is projected by the Ministry of Transportation to become the manager of 21 airports. With an additional projection of 5 airports, PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) requires projections for the 21st clustering of airports to be managed in order to form the right organizational structure. Therefore, 5 cluster clusters are formed using the k-means algorithm. This k-means algorithm is used because it is one of the partitional clustering methods. Partitional clustering method was chosen because it was known that the company wanted to form 5 clusters. In this study, clustering was carried out based on variable aircraft movements, passenger movement, cargo, area, terminal area, runway, EBITDA and revenue. The result is obtained in cluster 1 there is 1 airport, cluster 2 there are 6 airports, cluster 3 there are 5 airports, cluster 4 there are 2 airports and cluster 5 there are 5 airports.

Keywords
Airport, Clustering, K-Means Algorithm

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EYwbfq26Z7RK

Corresponding Author
Dwi Riana Aryani

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Faulted Inter Bus Transformer (IBT) can cause power system instability. Therefore, it will be isolated to prevent the spreading of disturbance. IBT at the Paiton Substation which supplies Paiton – Grati and Bali Subsystem is discussed in this paper. The event discussed is 2 of 3 IBTs are out of work so that only one left. So, load shedding of Bali Subsystem is required to avoid further disturbance. However, after it is applied, the voltage at the Bali Subsystem will increase beyond the allowed rating because some substations in Bali Subsystem have capacitor banks to increase voltage during normal operation. Therefore, further action is required by releasing some capacitor banks of several substations that have the highest rated voltage until the voltage in all substations is within the permitted rating. Finally, it is shown that the proposed method can restore system stability by evaluating the rated capacity at IBT Paiton and rated voltage at Bali Subsystem.

Keywords
capacitor shedding, Inter-bus Transformers (IBT), load shedding

Topic
Electrical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EBLAvecaj27b

Corresponding Author
Wardalia wardalia

Institutions
Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jalan Jend Sudirman Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia
*wardalia[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
The textile waste contains some colors, and also metals which can damage our body and environment. The example of the harmfull substance contain in the waste is methl Violet and lead metal. Methyl violet can cause inhallation and hurt alimentary tract if swallowed. Lead also cause some environmental effects. Lead can accumulated in soils, especially those with a high organic content, where it remains for hundred to thousand years. The solution of the problem is to reduce the contaminant by adsorption. Adsorpstion require adsorbent to perform. Adsorbent can be produced by biomaterial like a peanut shell. Peanut shell contains cellulose which can bend the color and metal so it will separate the contaminant from the water.This research have a purpose to modified and activate the adsorbent to optimal condition, define a characteristic of the adsorbent and define the adsorb capacity. This research is using a peanut shell as the material and furnaced at 450 degree within 2 hours, and screened to 80 mesh and agitated with KOH 50% to remove impuritues from the shells within 30 minutes at 180 rpm. The adsorben then modified by nitric acid 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with 240 rpm agitation to increase the functional groups at 90 degrees celcius within 120 minutes.

Keywords
Adsorpstion; Waste; Adsorbent; Peanuts shell

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Tjt7E3VJXG4w

Corresponding Author
Putro Ferro Ferdinant

Institutions
Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jend. Sudirman Km. 3, Cilegon, 42435, Indonesia
*ferdinant[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
Currently a new method of using taxis appears, that is the online taxi application. This new method is increasingly popular because users can order services only through applications on cellular phones, they can also choose motorbikes or car taxis, and estimate the price for the services. Since its appearance, many people have benefited from this online application, not only as users, but also as drivers. The public perception of the taxi drivers began to shift, which was mostly performed by men that is now also done by women. The purpose of this study was to determine the public perception of the female drivers of motorbikes or cars taxi using the Kano model. The Kano model is usually used to determine the specifications of a products features. In addition to knowing the features of a product, the Kano model can also be used to find out service features in the service industry. The dimensions used to define service features are Appearance, Main Skill, and Soft Skill. From these dimensions, 8 service features are obtained. The results of the study are expected to reveal peoples perceptions on female taxi drivers based on Must-Be, Performance, and Attractive categories.

Keywords
User perception; Women driver; Kano models

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ghnukFbxaHAp

Corresponding Author
Dwi Esti Intari

Institutions
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Sudirman KM 03 Cilegon, Banten

Abstract
Many attempts have been made to improve the quality of the mix, one of them by using the bitumen modification. In this study, the added material used is Rice Husk Ash. The added material was expected to improve the quality of asphalt and characteristics of the asphalt concrete pavement desired. This study aims to determine the effect of the Rice Husk ash as additive into bitumen 60/70 penetration of the bitumen characteristics, and determine the performance of a mix of -Wearing Course Asphalt Concrete (AC-WC) using bitumen with added Rice Husk Ash.This research, using the Marshall method that used in some variation of Rice Husk Ash content and asphalt content. Variations are used for grade Rice Husk Ash is 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of bitumen and asphalt content 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, and 6%.These results indicate that the physical addition of Rice Husk Ash making asphalt becomes brittle and adhesiveness decreases can be seen from the decline in value of 1.17% asphalt penetration at levels of 0% to 8%. Judging from the test results obtained that Marshall Stability value decreased by 28.57% of the value of the highest stability.

Keywords
Asphalt, Asphalt Concrete (AC-WC), Rice Husk Ash, Marshall

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EXhKjcgQJwqd

Corresponding Author
Tri Widjaja

Institutions
(a) Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
*triw[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
Abundant coffee pulp waste can be used as a potential biogas feedstock due to its high cellulose and hemicellulose content. However, it contains lignin, caffeine, and tannin that cause severe effects on microbial activity inside the digester, leading to ineffective biogas production. Therefore, alkaline hydrogen peroxide followed by rumen fluid pretreatment had been performed to remove those compounds and improve digestibility of the substrate, respectively. Moreover, the study obtained to find the reaction kinetics in biogas production from coffee pulp waste using a semi-continuous anaerobic reactor with HRT 20, 25, 30 and 35 days and a working volume of 1.5 L operated at 37 oC. In this study, the chemical pretreatment resulted in 75% of lignin removal, 57.76% of caffeine removal and a decrease in tannin until 0.54%. The highest methane yield obtained in this study was 0.24 L CH4 g VS-1. The kinetic constants (k) obtained were; k1 (reaction-s kinetic constant): 0.2923 day-1; k2 (maximum rate of soluble organics production/degradation): 720.1309 mg SCOD L-1 day-1; k3 (saturation constant): 253.2091 mg SCOD L-1 day-1; k4 (maximum rate of TVA consumption): 1,426.0831 mg TVA-COD L-1 day-1; and k5 (saturation constant): 57,794.4025 mg TVA-COD L-1 day-1.

Keywords
Biogas; Coffee pulp waste; Kinetic constants; Pretreatment; Semi-continue anaerobic reactor

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vE7UTrjLx9AC

Corresponding Author
Imron Rosyadi

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
The Indonesia Government is targeting the use of biofuel to be 30% diesel fuel and 20% bioethanol from the total needs of diesel fuel and gasoline by 2025. Diesel engine exhaust gas contains a lot of particulates because it is influenced by factors from fuel which is not clean. The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel is expected to provide a solution to reduce exhaust emissions from diesel engines. The 132 CC one cylinder diesel engine is used to test the effect of bioethanol addition on performance and exhaust emissions. The first research method was carried out by the fumigation method, namely the process of mixing diesel and bioethanol directly in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. The second method is compared with Blending. High Speed Diesel (HSD) is mixed with bioethanol by adding surfactants that can emulsify water and oil to reduce the surface tension of the fuel. In this experiment it is divided into four variations, namely: for variation 1 pure HSD, variation 2 (93% HSD, 2% surfactant and 5% ethanol), variation 3 (HSD 88%, 2% surfactant and ethanol 10 %), variation 4 (83% HSD, 2% surfactant and 15% ethanol) and variation 5 Fumigation method (ethanol and HSD. The rotation speed of the 132 cc diesel engine was varied at rpm 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000. Tests were carried out at the Performance Engine Laboratory and Mechanical Engineering Manufacturing Laboratory in Engineering Faculty Of Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The results of this research is The power is produced by ethanol and HSD greater than pure HSD fuel. Both the blend method and the fumigation method have high power. Blending of HSD and ethanol has an efficient specific fuel consumption (Sfc).

Keywords
Fumigation, blending, bioethanol, gas emissions

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Z3gx9ET2uzUc

Corresponding Author
Ferriawan Yudhanto

Institutions
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No.2 Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*jamasri[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
A method using a combination of acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic homogenize were developed to obtain the CNF (cellulose nanofibers) from agave cantala fibers. Acid hydrolysis method was success produces the CNF with a diameter around of 45-50 nm, which investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) nanocomposites were prepared by solution casting technique. Physical properties such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows highly crystalline of cellulose fibers. It caused by the removal of impurities which covered the fibers such as hemicellulose and lignin. The homogenize mixing method with magnetic stirrer 350 RPM, at temperature of 50oC, for 30 minutes followed by ultrasonic homogenizer has been causing CNF well distributed in the PVA matrix. The effect addition of CNF 5 wt % colloidal in PVA as reinforcement increases the mechanical properties of CNF/PVA nanocomposite. Tensile stress and elongation at break of CNF/PVA nanocomposite were increased by 70% and 137%.

Keywords
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), nanocomposite film

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AFfUcTRHXeMb

Corresponding Author
rina agustin Indriani

Institutions
1Environmental Sanitation Technical Development Expert, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, 12190 Jakarta, Indonesia
1Doctoral Student, Bina Nusantara University, 12190 Jakarta, Indonesia
2Staff, Directorate Environmental Sanitation Development, Ministry of Public Works and Housing 12190 Jakarta, Indonesia
3Faculty Member, Business School, Bina Nusantara University 11530 Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Solid waste management is a common challenge to many cities across the world. The municipal waste management is capital-intensive, there are numerous alternative options that can be applied to address waste management problem. Uncontrolled dumping of waste on open dumps or landfills has become one of the most common methods of disposing waste in Indonesia. Many cities are faced the environmental degradation because uncontrolled process. Many research have been conducted about solid waste management, however, there is still limited studies which specifically focus on open dumps/landfills. This present study discusses about waste management in existing open dumps/ landfills as specific example and polemic against the potential up-gradable as consideration so that landfills transform to be a more sustainable disposal option. The paper describes a strategy and methodology to transformed existing landfills into fitting component such as urban landscape or converted into energy through enhancing its environmental significance and sustainability.

Keywords
Municipal Solid waste, uncontrolled process, open dumps,environmental degradation

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KMuQ9GR6EqND

Corresponding Author
dharmanto dharmanto

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
The comparison of porosity, oxygen and carbon concentrations in stainless steel powder particles produced from the conduit plasma atomization and the gas atomization will be discussed in this study. Where a conduit plasma atomizer can produce stainless steel particles with a more perfect spherical, there are no satellites attached to particles, but more pores than particles of stainless steel powder produced from gas atomization. On the other hand, porous stainless steel particles can be useful in making metal implants in orthopedic surgery. The modulus of elasticity and strength of stainless steel can be controlled using porous materials with various porosity to suit the strength and modulus of natural bone elasticity. SEM and EDS testing on a cross section of powder particles has been carried out to determine the characteristics of pores in 304 stainless steel powder particles. Pores of the stainless steel 304 powder particles from the gas atomization result in porosity percent, oxygen element weight percent and carbon weight percent, amounting to 6.61%, 7.4%, and 30.24% respectively, while pores on the stainless steel 304 powder particles from the conduit plasma atomization result in porosity percent, oxygen element weight percent and carbon weight percent amounting to 15.06%, 14.45%, and 28.07% respectively. So that the conduit plasma atomization is possible more suitable for producing particles with porous spherical metal powder as feed stock in metal injection molding applications compared to gas atomization.

Keywords
Porosity, Conduit Plasma atomizer, Gas Atomizer, Spherical particle, Stainless steel powder

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TBn7vjRbQ8YF

Corresponding Author
Misri Gozan

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16421, Indonesia
*mgozan[at]che.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Biogas is one of the alternative energies to overcome the increasing demand of electrical energy in Indonesia due to both population and industrial growths. In the growing cities, one source of biogas is the municipal waste. This study examined a biogas power plant proposal in Bantar Gebang which receives supply of approximately 6500 tonnes of garbage per day from all parts of Jakarta. It is assumed that a mixture of 60-70% CH4, 30-40% CO2 and other gases such as H2S is produced from anaerobic digestion. The overall heating value of this mixture is 6-24 MJ/m3, which is a half of the heating value of natural gas. Iron sponge is used to remove acid gases. The plant size is 2 ha which is located near the Bantar Gebang Integrated Landfill. Both gas and steam turbines are used to produced electricity. The produced electricity is sold to PLN, with price US$ 0.10 per kwh. With the 44.2 MWh/year electricity production, the income of this biogas power plant is around US$6 Million per year. The CAPEX is US$9,935,838 and OPEX is US$1,697,375.09 with the IRR 17%, ROI 32%, NPV US$ 4,471,949.2, and Payback Period in 6.8 years of production. These figures show that the biogas electricity plant is profitable.

Keywords
municipal waste; electricity; biogas; plant design

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LWNnDxa2Ej3b

Corresponding Author
Widya Ernayati Kosimaningrum

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jendral Sudirman km.3 Cilegon, Banten

Abstract
A dressing is usually applied on the wound care product to help healing process and prevent an infection as well as a complication. Many serious wounds such as heavy burns, diabetic wound, and surgical wound are requiring special dressing which has both antibacterial and proper wound drainage management properties to promote faster healing. Hydrogel composed of chitosan, honey, and gelatin can be a good candidate which provides match properties as required. Preparation of hydrogel has been conducted by physical mixing of the solution of chitosan, honey, and gelatin at 40oC. Then, the mixture was casted to form hydrogel films by each 2-4 mm thickness and followed by drying at 37o C for 24 hours. The resulted hydrogels are characterized to confirm its potential as wound care dressing by measuring gel fraction, swelling index, and antibacterial activity. The gel fraction of the hydrogel composed of 10 and 20 grams of gelatin (each with 0.5 and 20 grams of honey) was achieved respectively 68,86 % and 65,68%. The gelatin composition more than 20 grams led to lowering gel fraction significantly. The swelling index of hydrogel with 20 grams gelatin show almost four times higher. Reducing honey composition to 10 grams of hydrogel has improved both the gel fraction (about 25 %) and swelling index (about 12 %). These two properties have been improved further by increasing the chitosan composition up to 7.5 grams. However, the effectiveness of honey composition as antibacterial in hydrogel is still need to be further evaluated.

Keywords
hydrogel, chitosan, honey, gelatin, wound dressing

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Vr2u7xRzhMZb

Corresponding Author
Dhena Ria Barleany

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jln. Jenderal Sudirman Km. 03, Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia
*ria.barleany[at]untirta.ac.id
b) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jln. Jenderal Sudirman Km. 03, Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
Polysaccharides are potential materials for food packaging due to their biodegradability and non-toxicity. Polysaccharides have some disadvantages like poor mechanical properties and low resistance to water. Nanomaterials could be used to enhance the thermal, mechanical and gas barrier properties without obstructing their biodegradable and non-toxic characters. In the current study, a series of chitosan based biodegradable film nanocomposites containing different ratios of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared through a process involving blending, solution casting and evaporation. The films were characterized to explore the effects of different TiO2 nanoparticle contents to their mechanical properties and the antibacterial activity. Results showed that TiO2 addition led to improve mechanical properties of the composite film. The tensile strength of chitosan-TiO2 films reaching a maximum of 29,46 MPa and elongation at break of 8,67 % at 0,2 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles. The biodegradation study of chitosan film with 0,2 TiO2 showed 50 % of weight loss after 2 months of composting. All chitosan-TiO2 films prepared in this study possessed efficient antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with 100% sterilization in 24 h under UV light and dark condition.

Keywords
antimicrobial plastics, chitosan, composite, TiO2

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tZLRXa2uMgQx

Corresponding Author
SRI AGUSTINA

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (UNTIRTA), Banten

Abstract
In recent times, there is growing interest to develop advanced materials for food packaging applications which can improve food safety and shelf-life. Active food packaging systems has been used as an effective method to enhanced the food safety and shelf-life. Chitosan nanoparticles represents interesting properties which makes it a suitable material for active packaging system. The stability and properties of chitosan nanoparticles can be enhanced by the modification of chitosan using biopolymer and bioactive compound. In this study, the modified chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via emulsion-based self-assembly technique using Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) and acrylate polymer. Bioactive compound was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhanced the property of active packaging materials. The systematic condition in preparation was studied. The characterization and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The obtained results indicate that the modified chitosan nanoparticles may be a promising material for active food packaging materials.

Keywords
Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Self-Assembly, Emulsion, Active Packaging Materials

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2BdMCfatRHEe

Corresponding Author
Rahman Faiz Suwandana

Institutions
a) Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3 Cilegon, Banten 42435 Indonesia
*s.rahmanfaiz[at]untirta.ac.id
b) Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617, Taiwan
c) Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617, Taiwan

Abstract
The assembly of graphene and other two-dimensional materials into artificial crystals termed van-der-Waals stacks has great potential to produce new materials without precedence in nature and develop novel electronic devices To reliably assemble 2D materials into such structures, however, a better understanding of the transfer process is required. Here we report a quantitative approach to examining the adhesion behavior during viscoelastic stamping of 2D materials. By measuring the adhesion of graphene to different carrier substrates and varying the peeling speed we have identified the range of adhesion of samples. The result shows that the adhesion occurs between graphene-graphene and graphene-SiO2 substrate have a higher value than the ability of PDMS stamp to pick up. A surface modification and an alternative substrate are needed to make the adhesion lower. With proper improvement, this work can be an option to realize an effective fabrication method of a two-dimensional heterostructure device.

Keywords
PDMS stamp, graphene, viscoelasticity

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6BgmqXL79V4A

Corresponding Author
Nadiyah Annisa Fitri

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November

Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and can be renewed. In general, biodiesel is made through a transesterification reaction between oil and ethanol with the help of a base catalyst. However, one obstacle to the commercialization of biodiesel is the high cost of production. Cheap raw materials (rice bran oil) contain high free fatty acids (up to 60%) therefore the transesterification reaction is only possible using an acid catalyst and the rate of the transesterification reaction is slower under conditions using an acid catalyst. In addition to further reducing the cost of production is by carrying out a transesterification reaction under mild reaction conditions, namely at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, this research will be assisted by high shear mixing so microemulsion formed to minimizing mass transfer resistance and reaction can occur. The effect of dispersion speed, catalyst amount, reaction time and molar ratio between ethanol and rice bran oil were investigated so the cost of production can be reduced. In addition, the energy consumption needed for biodiesel production from rice bran oil assisted by high shear mixing is lower than conventional or subcritical / supercritical methods.

Keywords
Biodiesel, Rice bran oil, High shear mixing, Microemulsion, Sustainable

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xwPpv8VqGcab

Corresponding Author
Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid which has myriad applications in food, textiles, agriculture, pharmaceutics, and chemicals. Formic acid can be synthesized in laboratory as major by-product from hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant lignocellulosic biomass produced by oil palm industries to which the cellulose content has potential for conversion into formic acid by dilute acid hydrolysis. In this study, we investigated effects of three parameters in acid-catalysed hydrolysis reaction of OPEFB such as reaction time (20, 40, 60 minutes), temperature (140, 160, 180 °C), and H2SO4 concentration (0.3; 0.5; 0.7 M) and optimized them to obtain maximum formic acid concentration by using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Microwave assisted alkaline pretreatment of OPEFB sample under microwave radiation at 840 Watt for 9 minutes with 2% NaOH concentration was done prior to the hydrolysis process. The pretreatment was effective to reduce lignin content of OPEFB from 28.9% to 7.6%. The highest actual formic acid concentration we obtained from the experiment was 2725 ppm at 180 °C, 60 minutes reaction time, and 0,5 M H2SO4. While according to the polynomial model, the optimal condition for obtaining maximum formic acid concentration of 2890.673 ppm was at 180 °C, reaction time of 60 minutes, and 0.3 M H2SO4.

Keywords
formic acid, hydrolysis, oil palm empty fruit bunch, response surface methodology

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ARHDtedf2TLX