Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Mr Suprijanto

Institutions
a). School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
b). Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
e-mail: lfitri[at]sith.itb.ac.id, supri[at]tf.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The repetitive movements such as repetitive flexy and extension muscle activities is one of approach for recovering and improving a brain activity in the coordination aspect of motoric, attention and cognitive process. Repetitive movements exercise for a long-time simulation workload is well known to improve all three aspects. Therefore, a short duration repetitive movement study was carried out without the burden of brain activity. This study aims to determine the effect of right arm extension-flexion-repetitive movements on the spectral activity of power and the tendency of brain waves µ and β frequency in motor areas in both hemispheres. EEG signal measurements are performed at the motor centres of the brain in the C3 (left hemisphere) and C4 (right hemisphere) canals of 3 narcotics who performed the flexion-extension flexion right arm repetitive movements in 3 training sessions each for 4 minutes. Brain wave activity data are processed into power spectral averages and wave frequencies µ (8-13 Hz) and β waves (14-30 Hz). Based on the analysis of the power spectral mean there was a decrease in the spectral power of the µ and β waves in the C3 and C4 channels for three training sessions. A decrease in wave power µ indicates an increasingly active neuron condition; conversely, a decrease in β wave power indicates a decrease in attention level. Statistically, during the 3 training sessions there was a marked difference in the decrease in the spectral mean power of the µ wave in the C3 channel and the β wave in the C3 and C4 channels (p <0.05), as well as a noticeable difference in the spectral mean power of the µ and β waves between the hemispheres (p <0.05). The average wave frequencies µ and β are at low frequencies and have decreased between movement sessions. During the three training sessions, there was a significant difference in the decrease in mean µ wave frequency in C4 channel and β wave in both channels (p <0.05), as well as a noticeable difference in mean wave frequency µ between hemispheres (p <0.05). From this study, we found that during repetitive flexion-extension of the right arm, the power spectral and low-frequency mu wave in the motor areas in both hemispheres tend to decrease. This result is related to the desynchronization of the neuron on the motoric area. On the other hand, decreasing the power spectral of the beta wave is during repetitive movement that represents decreased attention.

Keywords
Electroencephalography, repetitive movement, brainwave mu, brainwave beta, motoric area

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/w3XWGVECtuM2

Corresponding Author
Mr Suprijanto

Institutions
a). Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
b). School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
e-mail: supri[at]tf.itb.ac.id, lfitri[at]sith.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Basic exercises of repetitive movement forearm in the long term can form a pattern of muscle activity. This exercise is often used as part of rehabilitation therapy for people with lost basic forearm movement due to paralysis. In many cases of rehabilitation exercise, a specific procedure must be performed which is depend on the people condition. One of problems in repetitive exercise is the emergence of muscle fatigue. This condition must be prediction before a decrease in the capacity of the muscles to perform motor tasks on an ongoing basis. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) is a technique for measuring muscle activity that can be used to predict muscle fatigue. This study aims to determine the pattern of biceps brachii muscle activity and to find an indication of muscle fatigue in repetitive movements. The open device wireless sEMG was configured to support forearm rehabilitation exercise without limitation movement due to sEMG wiring problem. In this study three healthy narcotics were asked to take arm extension flexion exercises. The exercise consists of three sessions where each session is 4-minutes long with a 1-minute break between sessions. The sEMG signal is taken at the biceps brachii portion and customized signal processing scheme was used to determine the mean power frequency (MPF) of the signal as one of sEMG feature for the indication of muscle fatigue. The three volunteers show different patterns of muscle activity. Volunteer-1 shows an increasingly clear and accurate pattern of muscle contraction-relaxation, while Volunteer- 2 shows a pattern of contraction-relaxation that gets faster along with repetition of movement. Conversely, the pattern of contraction-relaxation in Volunteer-3 cannot be clearly distinguished. The analysis showed a tendency for MPF to decrease at the beginning and end of the exercise, as well as at the beginning and end of each session. Based on statistical tests, the decrease in MPF values that occurred at the beginning and end of each session of the three narcotics was not significantly different (p> 0.05). The decrease in MPF values that occurred at the beginning and end of the training of Volunteer-1 and 3 was significantly different (p <0.05), but in Volunteer-2 the decrease was not significantly different (p> 0.05). A decrease in MPF values indicates muscle fatigue which can be caused by several possible mechanisms of decreasing muscle cell sensitivity. From this study, it can be concluded that the pattern of muscle activity of each individual is different and the flexion extension of the arm extension repetitively indicates the presence of muscle fatigue.

Keywords
Biceps brachii, muscle fatigue, mean power frequency, repetitive movement, Surface Electromyography

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F3ftxgVN4jMR

Corresponding Author
Sugondo Hadiyoso

Institutions
(a*) Bandung Institute of Technology and Telkom University
(b) Bandung Institute of Technology
(c) Bandung State Polytechnic

Abstract
Respiratory rate (RR) is one of the vital parameters of a persons health. In certain conditions such as patients with respiratory problems or heart who are in the treatment room, respiratory rate monitoring is carried out continuously. In health care centers such as hospitals, RR measurements use a bed side monitor. However, this device is not yet widely available in small scale health services such as Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) because this device is expensive. One alternative for RR extraction is through plethysmographic wave analysis measured using a photopletismograph (PPG) device. This is based on the hypothesis that breathing affects the dynamics of PPG wave amplitude modulation so that by extracting this information we can know the respiratory rate. PPG devices are widely available in small health services because of their low prices. Meanwhile, PPG is only used to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation. In this study, a method for extracting RR information is proposed by analyzing PPG waves. Two methods, namely empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), are applied to obtain respiratory oscillation information. The aim is to get the most optimum method for RR extraction. The performance test of the two proposed methods was carried out through time-frequency domain transformation using Fast Fourier Transform. The method used in this study is expected to be applied to conventional PPG devices.

Keywords
EMD; PPG; respiration rate; VMD

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zwgBntNWcqrF

Corresponding Author
Tommy Mandagi

Institutions
(1) Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgeon
(2) Research Assistant Medical Doctor
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village - Pelita Harapan University

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tibial cut referenced to the center of the intercondylar eminence (IE) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often leads to malalignment of the knee due to preexisting tibial deformities, is liable to polyethylene (PE) wear subsequently causing implant loosening and malalignment, which has been a common cause of knee arthroplasty revisions. Our case showed that careful preoperative planning gives good component placement and better correction of the mechanical axis of the leg, therefore increases the survivorship of the TKA. CASE PRESENTATION A 62 years old male present with bilateral knee pain (right>left), worsened by walking and squatting. Plain radiograph showed advanced knee Osteoarthritis (OA) (right>left) with significant -S-shaped- tibia valgus angle of 5.11° and 4.37° respectively. METHOD The patient had preoperative full-length (long film) standing bilateral lower limb radiographs with the patella facing forward. To measure the Tibial bowing angle and tibial reference point we use a modified method described by Thippana et al, using PACS software. From the preoperative radiographs, shifting to the medial of center intercondylar reference point of the proximal tibia was determined. The distance between the center of the intercondylar eminence and the medial condyle reference point was calculated. The same reference point was replicated intraoperatively. Post-operatively, the same radiographs were obtained at 4-weeks follow-up, medial proximal tibial component angle (MPTA) and hip knee ankle (HKA) angle were assessed. RESULTS Postoperative radiograph showing MPTA/HKA; 88.62°/180.75° of the right knee (A) and 89.69°/182.89° of the left knee (B) with the use of the medial tibial condylar reference point in a patient with tibia valgus. Both nearly achieving the optimal MPTA of 90° + 3° and HKA of 180° + 3° DISCUSSION Distributing load between tibial plateau could increase the PE survival rate and maintain the desired knee alignment in TKA, which could be achieved by preoperative measurements. Studies showed that >5° malalignment increased implant thickness loss by 0.11 mm per year in the concavity of the deformation, which increase chance of malalignment and the needs of TKA revisions. We recommend that the degree of reference point shift should be individualized based on the deformity on preoperative full-length radiographs. CONCLUSION Preoperative measurement of tibial bowing angle and tibial reference point using modified Thippana method is necessary to achieved the desired reference point for extramedullary tibial cutting jig in knees with significant tibia valgus.

Keywords
TIBIA VALGA, TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY, LOWER LIMB MORPHOLOGY, KNEE ALIGNMENT, CASE REPORT

Topic
Orthopaedic Bioengineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jkQVbD8w7UfJ

Corresponding Author
Mahyudin .

Institutions
Orthopaedi and Traumatology Hasan Sadikin Hospital Padjadjaran University

Abstract
Femoral fracture is trauma with high mortality rate. Incidence of femoral fractures in America is approximately 13 cases per 100,000 people per year. In Indonesia, it is reported that the incidence of fractures every year is 11.10 cases per 1,000 people per year, with an incidence of 11.67 cases per 1,000 people per year in men and 10.65 cases per 1,000 people per year in women. Long bone fracture cases frequently related to missing bone segments, that can disrupted the bone healing. Incidence of long bone fracture with defect reported about 13,9%. The process of defect fracture healing requires internal and external mechanical stimulation, external stimulation can be stimulated using low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds. The positive effects of ultrasound therapy (LIPUS) on accelerating bone healing have been demonstrated in several studies. Clinical studies have shown a significant positive effect from LIPUS in the treatment of non-union fractures and accelerated fracture repair compared to fractures treated with placebo of 38%. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of LIPUS on healing of defect femoral fractures in rabbit post ORIF plate and screw based on radiological measurements. This study is a comparative, unpaired laboratory experimental study with two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment group consist of group I that was given LIPUS 30 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes per day and Group II 30 mW/cm2 for 20 minutes per day, Group III without LIPUS treatment as control group. Radiological assessment was performed to assess callus formation based on the Tiedemann score. After that data is collected, data editing, coding, entry were carried out and analyzed statistically. There were significant differences between treatment group and control group towards callus diameter formation, between group I, II and control with mean of Tiedemann in each group 97.76; 169.83; 76.88; with p value < 0.05. LIPUS can enhance fracture healing in rabbit femur defect based on radiography measurement.

Keywords
fracture, femur, healing, LIPUS, mechanical, radiological

Topic
Orthopaedic Bioengineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aXmANfWFHdRU

Corresponding Author
Ferdyan Efza

Institutions
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
Background. Hypothyroid is one of the most frequently known complication of MDR-TB Treatment. Treatment of MDR-TB using Ethionamide still becomes a challenge due to high numbers of patients develop hypothyroid as complication. Studies had reported that Ethionamide (C8H10N2S) share similar sturcture with Thioamides such as Propythiouracil (C7H8N2S) and Methimazole (C4H6N2S), it induced the effect of iodide trapping & organification inhibition which leads to hypothyroidism. However, the molecular mechanism of Ethionamide effects on regulation thyroid hormone receptor gene expression (TR) remains unclear. The understanding of this molecular mechanism, open a new perspective and help to understand the best method of tuberculosis treatment in the future. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to understand molecular mechanism of ethionamide on regulating TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, and TRβ2 gene expression in gastrocnemius, soleus, thigh, and cardiac muscle. Methods. 38 rats were assigned into 3 groups; negative control group (no treatment), positive control group (propylthiouracyl), treatment group (ethionamide). Each group were given its treatment for 12 weeks. On the last day, all group were sacrificed and organs were sampled (gastrocnemius, soleus, thigh, and cardiac muscle). Each sample were undergone RNA extraction, PCR amplification, and electrophoresis consecutively to analyze the TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, and TRβ2 gene expression. Result. We observed that TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, and TRβ2 gene expression were upregulated by 1.5 fold in gastrocnemius muscle, and were upregulated significantly by 3 fold in cardiac muscle. Conclusion. This study concludes that prolong ethionamide treatment does upregulate thyroid hormone receptor gene expression.

Keywords
Keywords: Hypothyroid, Ethionamide, TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, TRβ2, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Thigh, Cardiac

Topic
Cellular, Tissue and Genetic Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MpxFjuw7rVQC

Corresponding Author
Chandrawati Gultom

Institutions
Departement of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin National General, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Introduction: measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness by assessing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) directly through exercise testing is the gold standard but this method is not widely available because it is expensive and requires complicated tools so that indirect methods are an option. Bruce protocol laboratory based exercise testing is more widely used because of its validity. Shuttle run 20 meters (SR-20), the field-based exercise testing compared to Bruce test become an alternative because it is easier, more practical and can be done on large groups. This study aims to find the relationship between predicted VO2max field based SR-20 and laboratory based Bruce exercise testing in adolescent. Method: observational analytic cross sectional. Eighty two subject (41 boys, 41 girls) 13-15 years old, did not have cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-29 kg m2, mild-moderate physical activity level, no deformity in the lower limbs and posture disorders. Subjects performed SR-20 and 3-7 days later performed Bruce exercise testing. The predicted VO2max value of the SR-20 and Bruce was analyzed using the Pearson test with a p value <0.05 considered significant. Result: the data had normal distribution. The mean value of predicted VO2max SR-20 for boys was 46.05 ± 3,541, and girls 41.85 ± 3,746. The mean value of predicted VO2max Bruce for boys was 46.66 ± 8.765 while girls was 40.06 ± 6.210. The correlation coefficient between predicted VO2max SR-20 and Bruce in boys was r = 0.462, p = 0.002, in girls r = 0.407, p = 0.008. Conclusion: there is moderate relationship between predicted VO2max field based exercise testing SR-20 and laboratory based Bruce exercise testing in adolescent.

Keywords
Bruce test, predicted VO2max, Shuttle run 20 meters

Topic
Cardiology biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Tfeb6CUcyRNx

Corresponding Author
Maggie Nathania

Institutions
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Ciptomangunkusumo National Hospital
Jl. Salemba Raya No.5, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: Obesity and its comorbidities are major health problems throughout the world, which continue to increase. “Fat mass and obesity-associated” (FTO) gene is the strongest genetic predictor of body weight, which alters the regulation of IRX3 and IRX5 homeobox gene expression, affecting the mitochondrial fat metabolism. It is hoped that nutrigenomic findings can answer the urgent need to develop more effective anti-obesity strategies, especially in solving various individual responses to treatment variability. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of lifestyle modification on weight loss in patients with FTO gene polymorphisms. Methods: Literature searching was performed on Pubmed, Science Direct, and Cochrane according to the clinical query. Screening on title, abstract, and full-text was based on eligibility criteria (systematic review or meta-analysis of clinical trials, suitability with the clinical question, English language, full-text availability, and human studies), followed by duplication filter and critical appraisal. Results: A meta-analysis article was obtained with FTO AA genotype results, having significantly greater weight loss compared to TT genotypes with weighted mean difference -0,44 kg (95% CI: 0,09 to 0,79; P=0,015). Conclusion: Individuals carrying homozygous FTO obesity predisposition can lose more weight through lifestyle modification than non-carriers, but these differences might be too small to be clinically important. A further consideration is needed to determine the benefit of FTO gene testing over the cost. In carriers of the TT genotype, more aggressive anti-obesity treatment is needed.

Keywords
nutrigenomics, genetic, obesity, nutrition, FTO

Topic
Cellular, Tissue and Genetic Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2nKZ9Y8vH6mC

Corresponding Author
Sandra Dian Pratiwi

Institutions
[1]. Electrical Eng. Dept., Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung
[2]. Indonesian Biomedical Engineering Society (IBES), Bandung, Indonesia
[3]. Biomedical Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Background: According to UNICEF (The United Nations International Children&

Keywords
Near-InfraRed, Spectrometer, Malnutrition, Food Analysis, Instant Porridge, Linier Regression

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZwaWBGeVU87C

Corresponding Author
Novia Agatha

Institutions
[1]. Electrical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung
[2]. Indonesian Biomedical Engineering Society (IBES), Bandung, Indonesia
[3]. Biomedical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Email addresses: novia_agatha[at]hotmail.com; apkoesoema[at]gmail.com; yokesaadia[at]gmail.com; soegi[at]ieee.org

Abstract
Background: Child and infant malnutrition is an important issue in Indonesia, with more than 17% of children suffering malnutrition. According to WHO, around 45% of deaths among under-5 children are linked to under-nutrition, primarily in low and middle-income countries. Milk is one of the most essential nutrition for children. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop a simple and easy-to-use device that measures the nutritional content of milk using Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. Practical use of this NIR spectrometer is intended to help preventing malnutrition and death of toddlers in Indonesia. Method: An existing commercial SCiO Spectrometer operating at 740-1050 nm wavelength range was initially used to measure different types of milk samples. Then, spectrum data processing of the results was conducted using the multi-linear regression technique, to determine the regression parameters for protein, sugar, and fat. These parameters will be used in the newly designed low-cost NIR spectrometer using near-infrared LED and phototransistor, with diffused interactance method. Results: 38 different samples of 13 different brands with varying flavors were measured using the SCiO spectrometer. The results were: (a). darker samples produced lower absorbance than brighter samples, (b). the distance between sensors and samples during sample measurement also affected the outcome, (c). powder and liquid sample conditions could be distinguished from the spectrum measurement results. Conclusion: The SCiO Spectrometer can be used to provide milk quality information. The resulted regression parameters will be used to develop a new simple NIR Spectrometer that can be easily used by non-expert.

Keywords
Near-Infrared, Spectrometer, Milk, Nutrition, Regression analysis

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JpTVkEnDF9Xx

Corresponding Author
Marselina Irasonia Tan

Institutions
1) School of Life Sciences and Technology-Institut Teknologi Bandung
2) School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics – Institut Teknologi Bandung
3) Hasan Sadikin Hospital & Medical School-Padjadjaran University

Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by cell proliferation abnormalities. One of the methods that can be used to overcome this disease is by removing the cancerous tissue. Identification of cancer tissue in the operation stage (intraoperative consultation) is an important stage for the surgeon to determine the next action. Until now, tissue identification in intraoperative consultation is still done manually using cryosection methods. The cryosection method is reported to have fairly good accuracy in the identification of cancerous tissue. However, the accuracy of this method is very dependent on the experience and skill of the doctors, so this method is very vulnerable to human error. To overcome this problem, a standardized identification method for a cancer tissue in intraoperative consultation is needed to reduce the human error. The development of cancer identification methods by using tissue permittivity at microwave frequencies in recent years has shown quite promising results. This is because the measurement of tissue permittivity using microwave frequencies can be performed several times without damaging the samples. In addition, several studies on several types of cancer showed differences in tissue permittivity between cancerous and normal tissue. Until now there are no studies that report the application of this method, especially for intraoperative consultation for ovarian cancer. To answer the problem, this study aims to create and test the tool that been made that can distinguish cancerous and normal tissue based on the tissue permittivity value using microwaves frequencies. Besides being able to minimize human error, the device is designed to be portable and able to provide diagnostic results faster than the cryosection method. The initial stage of this research is the production of the tools. The device that has been made is then tested for the ability to differentiate tissue based on water content parameters and tissue type before measuring cancer samples. Measurements are made every 0,002 GHz in the microwave frequency ranging from 8,2 to 12,4 GHz or around 2000 measurement points using TE10 measurement method. The measurement results then processed using the TPS (transmission phase shift) method to determine the permittivity value. The next stage is the measurement of ovarian tissue samples (n=12) obtained from Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS) Bandung. The tissue obtained was identified by RSHS medical doctor diagnosis. Fresh sample from the surgery is then measured in less than 2 hours. The permittivity values of each tissue are then compared and their significance is tested using statistical analysis. The tool that designed was successfully made in a relatively smaller dimension (6,28 x 23,5 x 2,11 cm) that made this tool portable. Measurement of tissue samples using this tool is done within ± 5 minutes from sample preparation until the results came out, so this tool can analyze tissue samples faster than the cryosection method which ge

Keywords
microwaves, permittivity, ovarian cancer

Topic
Biomedical, Robotic and ICT engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yGcMhjbaL7uU