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International Conference on Bioenergy and Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Technology (ICONBEAT 2019)

Event starts on 2019.11.07 for 1 days in Malang

http://icon-beat.umm.ac.id | https://ifory.id/conf-abstract/qV9Dx6eCG

Page 2 (data 31 to 60 of 144) | Displayed ini 30 data/page

Effect of Addition of Tofu Waste on Concentrate Feed on Ruminant Animal Nutrition Value
Engkus Ainul Yakin (a*), Sri Sukaryani (a*), and Catur Suci Purwati(a*)

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Corresponding Author
Engkus Ainul Yakin

Institutions
Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara, Jl. Letjen Sujono Humardani No. 1, Sukoharjo 57521.
Telp. +62-0271-593156, fax. +62-0271-591065

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of tofu waste in concentrate feed on the nutritional value of ruminant animal feed. Concentrate feed used in this study uses concentrated feed for sheep. Tofu waste was obtained from the place of making tofu in Girimarto sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The research method used was concentrate feed for sheep given the addition of tofu waste. The study used 3 treatments namely T0 = Concentrate without the addition of tofu waste (control), T1 = Concentrate with 10% tofu waste addition, and T2 = Concentrate with 20% tofu waste addition. The results of the study were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the nutritional value of sheep feed. The study was designed with a completely randomized design. Observation parameters of nutritional value of feed include dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that dry matter content was 78.54 ± 0.23% and crude protein was 16.63 ± 0.46% with the addition of tofu waste until 20% showed a significant difference, whereas crude fiber was 20.37 ± 0.48 % showed no significant difference, while the dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility showed no significant difference. The conclusion of this study was the addition of tofu waste in the concentrate had an effect on the dry matter and crude protein, but not significantly different on crude fiber. The addition of tofu waste to the concentrate did not affect the digestibility of dry matter or the digestibility of organic matter

Keywords
tofu waste, animal feed, concentrate, in vitro digestibility

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NmrkCUXzJ27M


Effect of Freeze Drying Pressure and Operating Time on Mass Balance and Characteristics of Freeze Dried Mango Slices (Mangifera Indica L.)
Suherman (a*), Andhini Putri Trianita (b)

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Corresponding Author
Suherman Suherman

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jalan Prod. H. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*hermancrb[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jalan Prod. H. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*andhinitrianita[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Mango is one of the local food commodities in Indonesia which has a high water and sugar content and is vulnerable to thermal conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of time (t) and pressure (P) freeze dryer on mass balance and the characteristics of freeze dried mango slices produced through 6 kinds of experiments based on time and pressure variations of freeze dryer. Freeze dried mango was then calculated on mass balance and analyzed on moisture content (MC), color, and hedonic test. The value of moisture content on mangoes from all experiments resulted in a value that was in accordance with Indonesian national standardization of dried fruit products. The color of the mango does not have a significant change that has a distinctive color of the type of gedong gincu mango was bright orange to dark orange caused by drying with low temperatures can maintain the chemical structure of the material. The presence of moisture content and color values in the freeze dried mango slices produced affects the level of panelists preference for the product.

Keywords
characteristic, freeze drying, mango, mass balance, moisture content

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EfCGPBZMrnNA


Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Kinetin on In-vitro Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Black Rice Cultivar
Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Kinetin on In-vitro Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Black Rice Cultivar

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Corresponding Author
Faida Nur Laeli

Institutions
1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
2Graduate School of Biotechnology, University of Jember, INDONESIA
3Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
(*E-mail: trihandoyo.faperta[at]unej.ac.id)

Abstract
Background: Anther culture is a tissue culture technique that uses pollen to produce plants. Anther culture shortens the acquisition time of pure lines from 6-8 generations of plants to 1-2 generations [1]. The success of tissue culture can be seen by the high regeneration power of callus that is formed. Factors that can affect one of them is the difference in nutrition and growth regulators given. The addition of growth regulators in the form of IAA and Kinetin is expected to be able to handle the problems that occur in the regeneration process of anther callus. This research uses combination media A1: 0 ppm, A2: 1 ppm, and A3: 2 ppm. The second factor is the concentration of Kinetin with 4 levels B1: 1 ppm, B2: 1.5 ppm, B3: 2 ppm, and B4: 2.5 ppm. Observation variables include 1) Green Spot, 2) Brown Callus, 3) Plantlet, 4) Root. The results showed that the treatment of 2 ppm IAA + 2.5 ppm Kinetin gave a good response of anther callus regeneration, 12.5% plantlets formed and appeared when the callus was 30 days marked by budding, 62.5 % green spot formed; 0% browncallus, 12.5% plantlet; and 50% rooted callus. Aims: To obtained the right concentration of IAA and Kinetin for the regeneration of black rice plant anther callus in vitro. Materials and Methods: The materials used in this study were black rice anther callus from previous studies; 0.4gr / 100mL N6; 0.3gr / 100mL Phytagel; 3% sucrose; 0.05gr / 100mL glutamine; IAA and Kinetin, 70% alcohol; NaOH; HCl; and aquadest. Callus subculture the calli of 1-2 mm diameter with criteria callus friable to N6 regeneration media which includes a combination of IAA (0; 1; 2) ppm, Kinetin (1; 1.5; 2; 2,5 ) ppm. The regeneration callus that had been transferred to the regeneration media was incubated in a sterile room in a room without light for 7 days for a total of 8 calluses per bottle. The regeneration callus was then placed in a no-light condition (dark room) for 7 days. After that, transferred to a room with light for 16 h at 28±2ºC and light intensity 1500-1600 lux until a plantlet appears. Subcultures need to be done further because at the age of ± 14-21 days the callus that has been subcultured previously shows a change in size and if it takes too long the callus will turn brown and the regeneration power of the callus decreases. Results: The anther callus used in this study was an induction callus that was produced from a previous study, Bantul black rice variety using MS induction media; 0.5 ppm 2,4-D; 2.5 ppm NAA; and 0.5 ppm Kinetin. Callus regeneration required higher cytokinin concentrations compared to auxin [1]. Each increase in the concentration of cytokinins is able to show a tendency for the appearance of callus, shoots, and leaves more quickly, and plays an important role in the regeneration of the callus used [2]. Regeneration media 2 ppm IAA + 2.5 ppm Kinetin showed the highest number of green spots in the regeneration callus compared to other treatments 62.5%. Treatment

Keywords
Black rice, IAA, Kinetin, Regeneration Callus Anther

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fbtuXQZGxAk7


Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Clove Essential Oil on Carcass and Its Part Weights and Physical Quality Characteristics of the Hybrid Duck
E. Widodo*1, M. H. Natsir1 and I. H. Djunaidi1, H. Evanuarini2 and D. Kurniawan3

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Corresponding Author
Eko Widodo

Institutions
1Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: eko.widodo[at]ub.ac.id, emhanatsir[at]ub.ac.id, irjuna[at]ub.ac.id)
2Department of Animal Product and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya,, INDONESIA.
(Email: herlyfptub[at]ub.ac.id)
3Putra Sang Fajar State Community Academy, Blitar, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: davidkurniawan34[at]yahoo.co.id)

Abstract
The replacer of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) is essential in poultry since its use has been banned in 2018. The search of locally available alternative AGP replacer is important because currently the replacer products are imported. The use of essential oil from clove oil is potential to be elaborated. The current research is aimed to examine the effect of clove oil level in the feed of Indonesia hybrid duck on carcass weight and its physical quality characteristics. This experiment used 120 Day Old Ducks allotted to 4 treatments namely P0 as control feed+ virginiamycin, P1 control feed+ 200 ppm clove oil, P2 control feed + 400 ppm clove oil, and P3 control feed + 600 ppm clove oil. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. While they were raised until 7 weeks of age, feed and water were provided ad libitum. The variables measured were carcass weight, carcass parts (breast, leg, wing and fore and hind quarter weights), Water content, Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and cooking loss. The data subjected to ANOVA statistical analysis, if significant result obtained then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed in Table 1 indicated that no significant effect (P>0.05) was found on replacement of antibiotic with clove essential oil toward carcass and its parts weights as well as physical quality of carcass of hybrid duck. It is then concluded that the use of clove essential oil might replace the role of antibiotic in hybrid duck nutrition.

Keywords
clove oil, feed additive, carcass, WHC, cooking loss and hybrid duck

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CjguwHqEVKUL


Effect of Row Circle Method on Growth of Sweet Corn (Zea mays Saccharata)
Lutfy Ditya Cahyanti, Use Etica

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Corresponding Author
LUTFY LUTFY DITYA CAJYANTI

Institutions
Darussalam Gontor University

Abstract
Abstract. The experiment aims to knowing the effect off row circle planting method on growth of sweet corn. This research was conducted in the Sub District of Siman District of Siman, Ponorogo, with altitude 140 amsl and textured clay grumosol soil types. The research used a randomized block design (CBD) with 4 kinds of planting spaces included C1 = 8 plant / (60x80) cm2, C2 = 16 plant / (60x80) cm2, C3 = 12 plant/ (60 x 80) cm2, C4 = 1 plant/ (60 x 80) cm2, C5 = 1 plant/ (60 x 80) cm2 with mowing. Each experimental unit was repeated 5 times so that there were 25 units. The observation was done at on 21,28, 35, 42 and DAP (day after planting). Some vegetative growth traits of sweet corn were determined as: plant height (cm), no. of leaves (leaf plant-1), leaf area (m2). Data obtained from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95%. The result showed not significantly different between row circle planting method on height of plant, number of leaf, leaf area, and leaf area index. However, it was clearly seen on the graphic that in treatment with C1 = 8 plant / (60x80) cm2 on 49 dap had the tallest height with a value of 194.60 cm. On the other hand, was observed in treatment 1 plant/ (60 x 80) cm2 with a value of 184.40 cm.

Keywords
sweet corn, plant, growt, row, method

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XRGzm2yPUb4Q


Effect of Storage Time of Frozen Dough on Sweet Bread Properties-Derived from Substituted of Purple Sweet Potato Flour
Elfi Anis Sa-ati1), Badai Waramang1), Sri Winarsih1), Rista Anggriani1*)

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Corresponding Author
Rista Anggriani

Institutions
Food Science and Technology Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.

Abstract
Background The technology of frozen dough (frozen dough) as a new breakthrough in efforts to improve efficiency and maintain the quality, is widely applied in the food industry to facilitate the production of bread, noodles, and dumplings, and is mainly produced from wheat flour (WF). The WF which is not derived from Indonesia, forced manufacturers to explore new formulations using local material. Purple sweet potato was chosen due to its color as an antioxidant source, potented to be functional food. But purple sweet potato has low binding capacity for bakery ingredients, thus the role of gluten from wheat flour is still needed. Moreover, the addition of yeast and emulsifier to the dough plays a role in maintain the volume when the dough baked, The research was conducted in University of Muhammadiyah Malang along 6 months (September 2018 – February 2019). Aims The aim of this research are to develop formula of frozen dough -substituted by purple sweet potato flour and added between yeast and emulsifier- along storage time and to know its effect toward sweet bread properties. Materials and Methods Firstly, the formula of frozen dough was designed with different of yeast concentrations in 3 levels (3%; 5%; 7% w/w) and types of emulsifiers (eggs, Lecithin, SP), while purple sweet potato flours substituted is 20%. The dough was mixed using straight dough method and stored in freezer at -20oC for three days and then frozen dough was baked to obtain sweet bread. According to Standard of Sweet Bread in Indonesia Number 01-3840-1995, the sweet bread was analyzed by its moisture, ash, and sensory test (taste, aroma, and color). Moreover, antioxidant activity, redness and volume expansion capacity were tested. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) test at level of 0.05 using Microsoft Excel. Results Based on Table 1, when compared between sweet bread obtained from fresh dough and frozen dough on the first day of storage, it showed that 8 out of 9 formulas did not effect on the volume expansion capacity of sweet bread significantly, while when compared between volume expansion capacity of sweet bread obtained from frozen dough on 1st and 2nd day of storage, only 1 formula showed a significant difference. Whereas only 2 formulas had a significant difference when compared between the volume expansion capacity of sweet bread produced from frozen dough on the 2nd and 3rd day of storage. This phenomenon exhibited that the freezing of dough did not greatly affect the volume expansion capacity of the sweet bread. Frozen dough with a straight dough mixing method, a short fermentation time allows no loss of viability and gas capability during the frozen storage which is quite significant (Tressler et al, 1968). In addition, the formulations carried out cause the average development of sweet bread reaches above 50%. This indicates the role of the emulsifier in the development of the bread. Emulsifiers will impro

Keywords
Frozen dough, purple sweet potato flour, storage, sweet bread

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3kZjWVDe6Ftx


Effect of Urea in Total Mixed Ration and Its Silage on Friesian Holstein Bull Calves Performance
A. Wahyudi1, S.N.W. Mulatmi2, A. Prima2, L. Hendraningsih2

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Corresponding Author
ahmad wahyudi

Institutions
1Department of Agriculture Sciences, Directorate of Program Pascasarjana, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144, Indonesia
2Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144, Indonesia

Abstract
Background Dairy bull calves like friesien holstein (FH) has a potential as meat producer. Due to the genetic properties FH has better ADG than Ongole, (1.03 kg vs 0.81 kg) in intensive farming system. To reach optimum growth, bull calves require adequate nutrition. Giving total mixed ration (TMR) to bull calves was an effort to provide all nutrient in a singe feed. TMR provision can reduce feed selective and indigestion incident, stabilize rumen pH, and optimize feed utilization. TMR silages was fermented feed by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to prolong feed shelf due minimize nutrient damage from feed in fresh or wet condition. Xu et al. (2010) state that TMR silage can reduce energy costs associated with the process of drying and transporting wet products, and facilitating preservation in a silo containing various waste products from the food and/or agriculture industry. By products that are not palatable may be included in the ration, because the ensilage process can improve the smell and taste of by product material (Xu et al 2007, 2008). TMR silage was reported have a high digestibility and intake of dry matter in ruminants (Shioya, 2008). Agriculture by products consireded as cheapest feedstuff that could be used as carbohydrate sources in total mix ration for ruminants, but lack of protein content. To met animal requirements, urea was the easiest source to be added. Previous studies showed that urea could be added as many as 5% from feed dry matter. Aims: Evaluate the use urea on total mixed ration (TMR) and its silage on performance of post weaning Friesian Holstein (FH) bull calf. Material and Methods: Twentyseven of 6 to 7 months bulls were divided into 3 weight groups: small group calves S (100 – 105kg), moderate group M (111 – 116kg), and large group L(123 -133kg). Each group consisted 9 bulls to received 3 feed treatments T1 was total mixed ration (TMR) containing 1.5% urea, S2: TMR silage with 1.5%, and C0 was conventional feed contain concentrate and forage without urea. The measured parameters were intake, daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency Bulls were are kept for three months. Feed intake were recorded every weeks and ADG were measured at 6, 8, and 10 weeks Results: This study showed that 1.5% urea in TMR has equivalent effect to conventional feed in all measured parameters, and was higher than in its silage form. Body weight also influent feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion, and efficiency, the bigger bulls consumed more TMR than the others feed. On the other hand smaller bull consume more silage Conclusion: It could be concluded that the form of urea in feed and body weight affected the level of feed intake, ADG, conversion, and feed efficiency. Acknowledgment Refference Shioya S (2008) Future prospects of TMR center based on selfsupplying feed. Jpn J Grassl Sci 54: 178–181. Xu C C, Cai Y, Zhang J and Ogawa M. 2007. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of

Keywords
Urea, TMR, Silage, Friesian Holstein, Bull calves, Productivity

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/b4tTPGmjQNev


Effect of Various Doses of Local Microorganism Additives (MOL) on Silage Quality of Corn Waste
Yunilas (a*)., Nurzainah Ginting (a) and Tri Hesti Wahyuni (a)

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Corresponding Author
Yunilas Yunilas

Institutions
Animal Sciences Program Study, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, Indonesia

Abstract
Corn is the main commodity of food crops in Indonesia. The planting area of corn continues to increase every year. Corn production can reach 10-12 tons/ha with waste ranging from 1.8-2.7 tons/ha. Corn crop waste in the form of corn straw, cob, and corn husk is very potential to be used as ruminant animal feed, but its use as animal feed is not yet optimal. Through the application of silage feed technology using additives, local microorganisms are expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local microorganism additives (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study uses a completely randomized design, factorial 3 x 3 with 3 replications. The factor I is various dosages of MOL (1%, 3%, 5%), Factor II in various fermentation times (7, 14, 21 days). The parameters observed included texture, color, flavor, and taste. The results showed that the MOL dosage and fermentation time had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the texture and flavor of silage, there was an interaction between the MOL dosage and the fermentation time. MOL dosage and fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the taste of silage and there was no interaction between MOL dosage and fermentation time. MOL dosage had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the silage color, but the fermentation time had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the silage color, and there was no interaction between MOL dosage and fermentation time. Conclusion: fermentation treatment at various dosages and time of fermentation can improve the physical quality of corn straw silage. The use of various dosage and duration of fermentation affect the texture, flavor, and taste of silage of corn straw, but does not affect the color of silage.

Keywords
additives, local microorganism, silage, corn waste

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2Wzf7vB86YCh


Effectiveness Of Mycorrhiza, PGPR And Fertilizer On Chlorophyll Content In Black Soybean Plant
Muhammad dan Umi Isnatin

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Corresponding Author
Muhammad Muhammad

Institutions
Universitas Darussalam Gontor (UNIDA)

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main problem in increasing the production of black soybean is the absorption of the element nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Not yet the maximum absorption of nutrients by black soybean plants causes low yield production. Therefore one alternative that can be done to increase production by finding environmentally friendly technologies is to use mycorrhiza and PGPR to optimize the absorption of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. The general objective of this study is to find an effective combination of mycorrhizae, PGPR and Fertilizers. While the specific purpose of this study is to find mycorrhiza that are effective in nutrient absorption to increase chlorophyll content. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three factors: the first factor is mycorrhiza application, the second factor is PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and the third factor is the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Data from observations were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of the treatment being tried. If the results of the analysis have a significant effect then proceed with the LSD test (Least Significance Different) at a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the most effective application of mycorrhizae in increasing total chlorophyll content is pabrikan mycorrhiza without being combined with PGPR and fertilizer (TP.TR.MP: 80 g / ml). The most effective application of brawijaya mycorrhiza in increasing total chlorophyll content is brawijaya mycorrhiza combined with PGPR without fertilizer (TP.R.MB: 83 g / ml). The most effective application of mycorrhizal unida treatment in increasing total chlorophyll content is unida mycorrhiza without combined with PGPR and without fertilizer (TP.TR.MU: 80 g / ml). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chlorophyll a is the main pigment in photosynthesis whose function is to donate electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Chlorophyll a most effectively absorbs the spectrum with wavelengths of 429 nm and 659 nm. This chlorophyll reflects the blue-green color. Factors that influence the chlorophyll content are nutrients N, Mg, Fe and Light. All green plants contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a making up 75% of the total chlorophyll (Pratama and Laily, 2015). The results showed that there were very significant differences between mycorrhizal, PGPR and fertilizer treatments according to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In this study, it was found that there was a different response between mycorrhizae with other mycorrhizae towards fertilizer and PGPR. According to Pratama and Zakiah (2017) research, bacteria attached to hyphae show a close relationship between mycorrhizae and PGPR bacteria. fungal symbionts with host roots, the third on receiving host plants for the presence of root infections. Table. Total Chlorophyll Content No Treatment Average Notation 1 T

Keywords
Black Soybean, Chlorophyll, Mycorrhiza

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3ZEXCaqJUvhH


Effects of Immunostimulant Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplemented Feed on Growth and Blood Profile of Java Barb (Puntius javanicus)
Diana Rachmawati(a*), R.H. Setyobudi (b) and Z. Vincevica-Gaile (c)

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Corresponding Author
Diana Rachmawati

Institutions
Diponegoro University

Abstract
Background: Java Barb (Puntius javanicus) is one of the Indonesian native fish which is easily cultivated and has good demand with high price (Budiharjo, 2001). There were fish farmers in Muntilan, Central Java who have practiced very intensive aquaculture. One of the problems faced by the fish farmers from the practices was a decrease in water quality that slowed down the fish growth and also increased fish diseases that brought down fish production. One of the solutions to solve the problems was by adding immunostimulant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) into feed to promote growth and to improve immune system in the fish in order to protect from the diseases. The study was conducted at the Laboratory for Fish Health and Environment Assessment (Laboratorium Pengujian Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan -LPKIL), Muntilan, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia on April to July 2019. According to [1] immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) supplemented feed can improve growth rate and fish health. Moreover, [2] reported that β-glucan content in the yeast can boost immune system and disease resistance in the fish. Aims: The study aims to evaluate effects of immunostimulant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented feed on growth rate and blood profile in Java Barb (P. javanicus). Materials and Methods: The 200 fingerlings of Java barb (P. javanicus) used in the study had an average weight of 5.64±0.87 g/fish. The study implemented experimental method using Completely Randomized Design with 5 (five) treatments and 4 (four) replicates. The treatments were by adding various doses of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into feed. Those treatment were T1 (0 g /kg feed), T2 (1 g /kg feed), T3 (2 g/kg feed), T4 (3 g/kg feed), and T5 (4 g/kg feed). The observed variables were immune system, Efficiency of Feed utilization (EFU), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Specific Growth Rate (RGR), Survival Rate (SR), blood profile and water quality. Statistical analysis using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test was employed to analyze observed variables [3]. The measurement of optimal dose of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) in the feed used polynomial orthogonal test with SAS9 and Maple12. Water quality was descriptively analyzed by comparing to the references to determine the water viability. Results: The results showed that the supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) in the feed significantly (P<0.05) influenced on EFU, FCR, PER and RGR; otherwise, it did not significantly influence on SR of Java Barb. The supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into the feed was expected to increase EFU, PER, RGR and to decrease FCR in Java barb. According to [4] that supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into the feed could increase enzyme activities in the digestive system. In turn, it could break down complex compound of the nutrients into simpler form of the nutrients

Keywords
Digestibility, enzyme, immunity, resistance

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GbWc9F7t8Lfq


Effects of Pathogen Attack Upas (Corticium salmonicolor B. et.Br) on Rubber Latex Production in Sukomulyo Village, Sekolaq Darat District West Kutai Regency
Dr. Ir. Helda Syahfari, MP

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Corresponding Author
Helda Syahfari

Institutions
Departemen of Faculty of Agriculture University August 17, 1945 Samarinda

Abstract
The research objectives are to: (1). Inventory of attacks of upas fungus (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) on rubber plants aged 4 years and (2). Calculate latex production in 7 year old rubber plants. The study was conducted in Sukomulyo village, West Kutai Regency since 2015 when the rubber plant was 4 years old and continued in 2019 when the rubber plant was more than 7 years old. The method used is to carry out an inventory of each of 500 rubber plants in 2 locations adjacent to calculating the frequency and intensity of attacks attacked by fungus upas (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) in 2015. In 2019 continued by conducting research into the calculation of latex production at these 2 locations. The results showed that the attack of pathogenic fungus upas (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) that attacked the rubber plants from the age of 3 years at 2 locations and at the age of 4 years symptoms appeared with marked outbreaks of tree trunks that eventually became dry. The result of inventory and calculation of attack frequency at location 1 is 1.2% with attack intensity 0.9% and at location 2 attack frequency is 2.4% with attack intensity 1.8%. At the age of 7 years rubber plants affected by the umas fungus growth is stunted and can not remove the sap with marked dry peel tree skin. Production of rubber tapping at location 1 is 530 kg / ha / month and at location 2 is 400 kg / ha / month. The yield of rubber produced at location 1 was higher due to the presence of urea and NPK fertilizer every 3 months and location 2 only 4 months. The low frequency and intensity of upas fungus pathogens at location 1 due to the maintenance and control of the disease since the beginning of planting and intensive fertilization and the addition of fertilizer dosage. Keyword: Disease Inventory, Rubber Latex Production

Keywords
Disease Inventory, Rubber Latex Production

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4PYFJvRDyVAX


EFFECTS OF RUMEN CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA IN FEED TO IMPROVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Dony Prasetyo, Anis Zubaidah, Rachadian Dwi Cahya Putra

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Corresponding Author
Dony Prasetyo

Institutions
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
In the rumen, there are many cellulolytic bacteria that help the digestive process of Ruminantia. Cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria that have the ability to break down cellulose into glucose monomers and make it a source of carbon and energy source. This bacterium has the potential to be used as probiotics in fish feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rumen cellulolytic bacteria in feed on growth performance of tilapia, this study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 replications at doses of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Tilapia fish 6-8 cm in size, as many as 50 fish in the pond were treated and observed for 1 month. The results showed that the administration of cellulolytic bacteria in feed could improve the growth performance of tilapia. Improvement can be seen in terms of absolute good weight of fish, specific growth rate (SGR), JKP (amount of feed consumption), EP (feed efficiency) and SR (life pass) which are also optimal for the growth performance of the tilapia at P2 treatment (dose 1.5%) and P3 (2% dose), it was concluded that the higher dose of cellulolytic bacteria can affect the growth performance of tilapia.

Keywords
Tilapia, cellulolytic bacteria, rumen bacteria, growth performance.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t4dmv9QYGbaH


Egg Production of Quail (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) per week with Probiotic and Katuk Leaf Extract (Sauropus androgynous) Treatment
Novia Rahayu (a*), Dwi Wijayanti (b)

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Corresponding Author
Novia Rahayu

Institutions
a) Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uniersitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, INDONESIA.
*noviarahayu[at]unper.ac.id
b) Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uniersitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, INDONESIA.

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of giving katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynous) in the ration on egg production per week. Sixty quails laying in the production phase were divided into 4 treatment groups: 1) T0: rations without treatment, 2) T1 : rations with katuk leaf extract treatment 3.5g / kg ration, 3) T2 : rations with probiotic treatment (Bacillus sp. And Saccharomycess sp.), 4) T3 : ration with katuk leaf extract treatment 3.5g / kg ration + probiotics (Bacillus sp. And Saccharomycess sp.). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on egg production in the first week (P> 0.05), but had a significant effect on second week and third week (P <0.05). Duncans test results showed that the treatment of katuk leaf extract had the best effect on egg production in the second and third weeks.

Keywords
Egg production; katuk leaf extract; probiotics; quail

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vtZbxHKaFWw6


Enhancement Nutrient of Pennisetum purpureum Silage by Addition to Various Formic Acid Concentrations
Ahimsa Kandi Sariri

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Corresponding Author
Ahimsa Kandi Sariri

Institutions
Animal Husbandry Department , Agriculture Fakulty Univet Bantara Sukoharjo Jl. Letjen S. Humardani No 1 Sukoharjo, kode pos 57512, Telp. (0271)593156, Fax (0271)591065

Abstract
This study aims to study the concentration of the addition of formic acid to the silage which is most effective in increasing the nutritive value of the Pennisetum purpureum silage. Formic acid used in liquid form which is divided into treatment 0; 0.15; 0,3 and 0,45% by weight of forage then cut off forages then divided into the treatment T0 = giving formic acid 0% by weight of forage, T1 = giving formic acid 0,15% by weight of forage, T2 = giving formic acid 0,3% forage weight, T3 = giving formic acid 0,45% forage weight. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The experimental design used was a randomized block design in the same direction. The analysis included water content, crude protein content and crude fiber silage content. This research can be concluded that the addition of 0.15% formic acid in the making of Pennisetum purpureum forage silage provides the best nutritive content and performance of 52.15% water content, PK 12.28%, crude fiber 9.51% and attractive performance that is fresh, warm and flavorful. acid, the addition of formic acid 0.3% in making forage silage Pennisetum purpureum gave nutritive content not significantly different from the control and the addition of formic acid 0.45% in making forage silage Pennisetum purpureum gave significantly different nutritive content (P <0.05) with control but low performance and perishable

Keywords
addition, formic acid, silage, forage, Pennisetum purpureum

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3mdEnTeYavWj


Entrapment Formulation for env-Tm Gene based on Chitosan Low Molecular Weight as a Jembrana Disease Virus Vaccine Candidate
Indra Lesmana Rahayu1, Asmarani Kusumawati2 and Ronny Martien3

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Corresponding Author
Indra Lesmana Rahayu

Institutions
1Department of Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA, 2Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA

Abstract
Background: Jembrana disease (JD) caused by Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV) becomes an obstacle in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) which is local Indonesian cattle. The development of JD vaccines has an important meaning to prevent losses the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia and is one of the models in the development of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vaccine. Development of vaccines for JDV is carried out DNA vaccines that are expected to be able to provide better immunological effects. But, the challenge in DNA vaccines is in the delivery system of target genes to cells, so to solve this problem, research is carried out on the use of chitosan as a protective molecule as well as carrying the target gene to cells. This research was conducted at the Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Postgraduate School, Gadjah Mada University in September 2018-March 2019 Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the low molecular weight chitosan (LC) entrapment towards pEGFP-C1-env-Tm in the formation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Low/pEGFP-C1-env-Tm complex (LC/pEGFP-C1-env-Tm). Materials and Methods: The env-Tm gene is inserted in pEGFP-C1 into the pEGFP-C1/env-Tm construct which is then transformed on the E. coli DH5α host. The construct is then formulated in the form of LC/pEGFP-C1/env-Tm complex with a low molecular weight chitosan concentration of 0.06% and the ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm:LC (wt/wt) is 1:0.5-1:3. The complexes are then analyzed by gel retardation assay agarose 1%. Results: The results of this study indicate that the best entrapment results of low molecular weight chitosan to pEGFP-C1/env-Tm is in the mass ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm:LC is 1:2. Conclusion: The best formulation entrapment for env-Tm by low molecular weight chitosan 0.06% is in the ratio 1:2.

Keywords
env-Tm gene, Jembrana Disease Virus, Low Molecular Weight Chitosan.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JrTGNw82uHfR


Entrepreneurship Orientation Towards Sustainable Green Marketing Performance by Using Eco-Innovation, ICT Learning Adoption Capability: A Case Study of Food SMEs in Central Java.
Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto (a), Yohan Wismantoro (b), Pulung Nurtantyo Andono (c)

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Corresponding Author
Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto

Institutions
(a).Graduate School of Business Management
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia.
Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131.

(b).Graduate School of Business Management.
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia.
Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131 Indonesia.

(c). Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131 Indonesia

Abstract
Background: This study aims at investigating entrepreneurship orientation among the Central Java-s food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and its impact on their marketing performance, the method of their business towards the preservation of environment and sustainability through eco-innovation. This study also employed eco-innovation and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning adoption capability. The respondents of this study were withdrawn purposively from food industries located in Central Java. The software of SEM version 23 (Structural Equation Modelling) was utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that all the hypotheses namely entrepreneurship orientation, eco-innovation and ICT learning adoption capability have significant impact on marketing performance. The location of the study was in Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang and Kudus. The time frame of the study was between January 2019 to July 2019. Aims: This study aims at revealing that the practices of entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable business and environment friendly in the form of eco-innovation, together with ICT adoption learning have significant impact in boosting their marketing performance. Materials and Methods: this study made possible by withdrawing of 190 food SMEs as the respondents of the study, in Central Java by utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) version 23. Results: This study reveals that the practices of entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable business and environment friendly in the form of eco-innovation, together with ICT adoption learning have significant impact in boosting their marketing performance. Conclusion: The entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable and eco-innovation has promoted and enhanced the respondents- marketing performance. Acknowledgment: the authors would like to thank to DPRM Kemenristek Dikti for giving the sponsorship of this study.

Keywords
entrepreneurship orientation, eco-innovation, ICT learning adoption capability, marketing performance.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zj62ve3FbBhM


EVALUATING FERMENTATION OF CACAO SEED WASTE (Theobroma cacao L.) IN FEED TOWARD CONSUMPTION OF DRY MATTER, CRUDE PROTEIN AND AVERAGE DAILY GAIN OF LOCAL SHEEP
Sujono, Wehandaka P, Hendraninsih, Arifin L, Raharjo B

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Corresponding Author
sujono -

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Research on the use of fermented cacao seed skin waste (FCS) was carried out to determine dry matter and crude protein consumption as well as daily weight gain of local rams. Fifteen local rams aged 1.5 years with an initial body weight ranging from 14–20 kg were used for analyses. The local rams were grouped according to their initial body weight: K1 = 14–16 kg, K2 = 16–18 kg, K3 = 18–20 kg. Variables measured were dry matter and protein consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The research method used a randomized block design. The treatments involved five levels of fermented cocoa FCS. Data analysis involved ANOVA and Duncan-s test. The results demonstrated a significant effect on dry matter and crude protein consumption (P & lt;0.01) and of daily weight gain (P<0.05) but no significant effect with respect to feed conversion (P> 0.05). The highest consumption of dry matter and protein in the P1 treatment and the highest daily weight gain for local rams was obtained in the P3 treatment. Hence, it was concluded that fermented cocoa seeds can replace up to 75% of field grass for sheep feed purposes.

Keywords
Local rams, Fermented cocoa seeds, Performance of production.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bQgNmLjRh4a2


Evaluation of intestinal histology of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed Terminalia catappa L. leaves meal
Ayuliandha Rahdantya Putri*1, Rudy Agung Nugroho2, Retno Aryani3, Hetty Manurung4 and Rudianto5

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Corresponding Author
Ayuliandha Rahdantya Putri

Institutions
1, 2, 3, 5Animal Physiology, Development, and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University. Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA-
(ayulianda_putri[at]yahoo.co.id, rudysatriana[at]yahoo.com, retno_ar[at]yahoo.co.id, rudi_rsc[at]yahoo.com)
4Plant Physiology and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University. Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA-
(E-mail: hetty_manroe[at]ymail.com)

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Terminalia catappa L., known as Indian almond, contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin1. Terminalia catappa leaves can be used for traditional medicine4 and as an alternative to antibiotic for fish pathogen3. To investigate the effects of dietary Terminalia catappa leaves meal on histological intestinal changes of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a group of fish (Average initial body weight 0.23 g) were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 40 fish each group, namely: Group 1 as control, Group 2, 3 and 4 fed with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. The fish fed commercial feed with T. catappa leaves meal as dietary for 90 days. At the end of the feeding trial, intestinal structure which is an important as digestive and absorptive organ was evaluated histologically. In addition, villus and crypt height of the intestinal of fish were also determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These results suggested that the T. catappa leaves caused several damages in fish intestine. Dietary 1% of T. catappa leaves meal in the diet of fish resulted edema, desquamation of epithelia cell, leukocyte infiltration, fat degeneration and necrosis compare to controls group (Figure 1). These result indicated that antinutritional compound in the T. catappa leaves might disturb cytoplasm membrane in cell, causing several damages2 (Table 1). Meanwhile, villus height of intestinal fish was no affected by any concentration of T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet but showed significantly different with control. In addition, dietary T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet higher than 0.25% increased the depth of crypt (Table 1). Figure 1. Intestine histology of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus (X400) by Hematoxylin & Eosin: 1. Edema; 2. Villi; 3. Desquamation epithelial cell; 4. Leukocyte Infiltration; 5. Fat Degeneration; 6. Goblet cell; 7. Necrosis. Table 1. Types of Damage base on intestine histology and average of villus height and depth of crypt of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed various concentration of Terminalia catappa leaves meal in the diet. Groups Type of Damage Parameters Necrosis Edema Leukocyte Infiltration Fat Degeneration Desquamation epitelial cell Degeneration cell Villus Height (mm) Depth of crypt (mm) Control +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ 0.191±0.012a 0.060±0.003a 0.25% ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ ++ 0.149±0.008b 0.051±0.005ab 0.50% ++++ +++ ++++ ++ +++ ++ 0.141±0.011b 0.421±0.001b 1.% ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++ 0.122±0.013b 0.399±0.004b *+=very low, ++=low, +++=medium,++++=high. Mean ± S.E followed by the same superscript letters (a,b) at the same row show no significantly difference (P<0,05).

Keywords
Intestine histology, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, Terminalia catappa leaves.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NCDYwpBxLTzM


Evapotranspiration of Paddy Based on SEBAL Algorithm at El Nino Time : Gorontalo Regency
Ghinia Anastasia Muhtar1, Intan Purwandhi2, Heny Mariati3

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Corresponding Author
Ghinia Anastasia Muhtar

Institutions
1Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo
2Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Gorontalo
3Universitas Tamansiswa Padang

Abstract
El Nino climate is one of the issues related to water management in Indonesia, especially rice plants that only rely on rain water. Therefore, this research has conducted a study to measure water loss or evapotranspiration using the SEBAL algorithm. ET estimation methods like Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method can be used based on the satellite images. The results of the study showed net radiation flux (Rn) has a real interaction with Surface temperature (St), which increase in the value of Rn along with an increase in St. Next, the values of G, λ and H gradually decrease with decreasing Rn. Compared with H and G, the diurnal variation amplitude of λ is much greater. Overall the actual evapotranspiration value during El Nino climate is smaller than in normal climate. This indicates that there are a lot water in paddy field during normal years compared to El Nino years, although the value of St in El Nino years is higher than normal years.

Keywords
Evapotranspiration, Paddy, Sebal, Landsat 8 OLI

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tqM4xhdWRpa6


EXAMINATION SOME HYDROPONIC NUTRITION IN HONJE SEEDS ACCESSION OF TASIKMALAYA
Arrin Rosmala, Selvy Isnaeni, Didit Permadi

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Corresponding Author
Arrin Rosmala

Institutions
Agrotechnology Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

Abstract
Etlingera elatior or Honje are widely cultivated and used in Indonesia since long time ago as food flavouring and spices. This research aimed to determine the best hydroponics nutrition for Honje seeds. This experiment use Complete Random Design with single factor treatments, which is five different brands nutrients (A, B, C, D, and E). Data was analysed using ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) multiple comparison 5%. The result showed that nutrient A produced highest number of clumps in week 7. While other measured parameter, such as plant height, leaf length, leaf height, biomass weight for shoot and root, were not affected.

Keywords
AB Mix, hydroponics nutrition, Kecombrang, Tasikmalaya Accession

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aYhbBK89MP2A


Factors Affecting the Demand and Production of Red Chili Pepper in Indonesia
Dyah Erni Widyastuti, Jabal Tarik Ibrahim, M. Zul Mazwan

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Corresponding Author
Dyah Erni Widyastuti

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Red chili pepper is an important commodity in Indonesia. Chili for household consumption and industrial raw materials in Indonesia. The phenomenon that occurs is the imbalance between demand and supply and season conditions. This causes imports and price fluctuations. The fluctuation in the price of red chili pepper is one of the causes of inflation. This study analyzes the factors that affect production and demand, as well as the simultaneous influence with price and import factors. Data analysis used the two stage least square method on secondary data from 2002-2013. The research variables are production, land area, chili price, chili price in the previous year, red chili pepper import, population, world chili production, stock and demand for red chili pepper. The results showed that the average value of actual data with prediction data for variable demand for chili, chili production, Indonesian chili prices and chili imports were close to the same so that it could be said that the model used was good and valid with the actual data. The value of R square in the first equation is known as 0.661 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 66.1%. The value of R square in the second equation is known as 0.938 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 93.8%. The value of R square in the third equation is known to be 0.746 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 74.6%. R square value in the fourth equation is known as 0.966 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 96.6%. The demand for red chili pepper is influenced by the population, while the price of red chili pepper and imports do not affect the demand for red chili pepper. Red chili pepper production is influenced by the price of red chili pepper at the producer level and the area of planting. Imports are not affected by world chili production, Indonesian chili production and Indonesian chili prices. At the national chili price, the influencing factor is the price of the previous years chili. While imports and stock of chili in Indonesia does not affect the price of Indonesian chili.

Keywords
Demand, Production, Import, Price, Simultaneous

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aQuvYL9TUmzw


Factors That Influence Farmers Behavior Towards Risk
Muhamad Nurdin Yusuf1*, Agus Yuniawan Isyanto2, Sudradjat3

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Corresponding Author
Muhamad Nurdin Yusuf

Institutions
1, 2, 3Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Galuh, Indonesia
*E-mail of the corresponding author: muhamadnurdinyusuf[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The research was carried out with the aim to find out the behavior of farmers towards risk and the factors that influence it. The research sample was 100 paddy farmers in flood-prone area paddy fields in Pangandaran District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Farmers behavior towards risk was analyzed using quadratic utility functions, while the factors that influence farmers behavior towards risk were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed farmers 87 was risk neutral, while 13 farmer risk takers were farmers. Education, familys size and income significantly influence farmers behavior towards risk; while age, experience, land area, production risk, price risk, income risk and group did not significantly influence farmers behavior towards risk.

Keywords
farmers behavior, risk, flood-prone, paddy

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J2HutEUcmNRz


Food Security Issue and Household Coping Mechanism In Fishing and Aquaculture Communities (A Case Study of Pangandaran, Indonesia)
Atikah Nurhayati

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Corresponding Author
Atikah Nurhayati

Institutions
Padjadjaran University

Abstract
Background: Coastal community food security requires considerable attention. For coastal communities, food often become so difficult to obtain. In many cases, communities attempt to various actions to overcome the problems they face; however many of their attempts are constrained by various obstacles. For the government to be able to formulate and implement proper policies, scientific information regarding the kinds of actions attempted by coastal communities, the obstacles normally hindering the attempts are very crucial. Aims: This research aims to identify problems of food security in fishing and aquaculture communities, analyze determining factors, identify attempts undertaken by fishermen, and identify relevant government roles Materials and Methods: This research uses a case study approach in Pangandaran Regency, with data collected through surveys. Respondents were selected purposively: 20 fishermen, 20 aquaculture operators, 20 fish processors, 20 fish traders, and two West Java Provincial Marine Fisheries Service officials. Research was carried out in April – December 2018. Household food security of fishermen and fish farmers was measured using a model logit, while government policies were identified using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Results: It was detected that 60% of households were categorized as secured, 15% less secured, 15% vulnerable, and 10% unsecured. Households of fishermen/aquaculture operators responded to these conditions with a variety of coping mechanisms: allocating parts of fish production for household consumption, selling some others to buy various kinds of food, and processing some others to get added value. These coping mechanisms were constrained by a number of factors, among which and the most important ones were knowledge and skills, capital, facilities and infrastructure, and market access. Government policy, therefore, should be focused on handling these constraining factors. Conclusion: There are viable options for the government to develop policies necessary to help coastal communities to meet food security. The options include developing programs aimed at improvement of knowledge and skills, capital, facilities and infrastructure, and market access Keywords: household coping mechanism, food security, coastal communities, West Java Pangandaran . Acknowledgment (Optional) References 1) Food Security Agency. 2016. Strategic Plan for the Food Security Agency 2015 - 2019. http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/statis-31-renstra2015-2019.html Accessed on November 5, 2017 2) Wiranthi PE, Suwarsinah HK, Adhi AK. 2014. Determinants of household food security: a comparative analysis of Eastern and Western Indonesia. J Agric Sci. 15(1):17-28. 3) Republic of Indonesia. 2012. Law of The Republic Indonesia No. 18 of 2012.Concerning Food. https://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/UU18-2012Pangan.pdf. Accessed on July 2, 2019. 4) Maxwell DG (1996) Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and sever

Keywords
household coping mechanism, food security, coastal communities, West Java Pangandaran

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Va3eA7JtZMEh


FORMULATION OF CASSAVA BANANA PEEL WHEY (CBPW) GROWTH MEDIA AND ITS APPLICATION IN SOYGHURT
Mochammad Wachid1) , Elfi Anis Saati2) , Yasmin Nurinbaity3), Vrita Amroini Wahyudi4*)

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Corresponding Author
mochammad wachid

Institutions
Food Technology, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, MALANG.

Abstract
Background : Science and technology continue to grow, one of which is in the field of food microbiology. Making soyghurt (yogurt from soybean juice) is an example of a food microbiological product which in the manufacturing process involves lactic acid bacteria (BAL). BAL can be grown on media as a place to grow and source of nutrition. This research tries to provide innovative media making using natural ingredients from cassava, banana, and whey (waste liquid) waste. The composition of the waste refers to the nutrients needed by BAL. Cassava waste as a carbon source (C), banana as a source of phosphorus (P), and whey as a source of protein (N). Aims : The purposes of this study were to know the effect of cassava and banana peel, the addition of urea to the manufacture of lactic acid bacteria growth media, and to analyze the visibility of lactic acid bacteria applied to soyghurt. Materials and Methods : The study used in the first step was factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor was 3 level comparison variation between cassava peel and banana (cassava peel : banana peel [25:75], cassava peel : banana peel [50:50], cassava peel : banana peel [75:25]). The second factor was 3 level urea concentration variation (1%, 1,5%, 2%). This study used colonies number, colonies color, and colonies shape as the analyzed parameters. Results : Based on the research result, it showed that the treatment from the comparison of cassava and banana peel had real effect toward lactic acid bacteria total that grows. The best treatment sample (SP3U2) could produce the highest number of lactic acid bacteria. This lactic acid bacteria viability was tested by using test T method by comparing the control and the best treatment. Fat level, protein level, pH, viscosity, dissolved solids total, lactic acid bacteria total, titrated acid total, color, and organoleptics (color, aroma, thickness, appearance) were the analyzed parameters used in testing the soyghurt. Conclusion : Best treatment sample (SP3U2) could go closer the soyghurt quality parameter, with lactic acid bacteria total number 2,07 x 107; viscosity 14,21 dPa.s; fat level 0,86%; titrated acid total 0,63%; pH 4,85; protein level 8,12%; dissolved solids total 9,7; brightness (L) 64,27; color (b+) 10,17; aroma 3,5 (typical aroma of yoghurt); color 3,9 (white); thickness 3,3 (pretty thick); and appearance 3,0 (pretty interesting).

Keywords
Media, Cassava Peel, Banana Peel, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Soyghurt

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nLpNqfVZvFej


Fresh Tuber Yield and Harvest Index Distribution in Segregation Population of Cassava Clones
Kartika Noerwijati, Sholihin, Lulu Husna

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Corresponding Author
Kartika Noerwijati

Institutions
Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: Conventional breeding to produce new high yielding varieties of cassava still dominates. Germplasm evaluation is the initial stage in conventional breeding, followed by hybridization to increase genetic diversity and clonal selection: single plant selection, single row selection, preliminary tests, and multilocation tests (Mariscal et al. 2001). In some areas, cassava is widely planted in upland dry land (600-1000 m above sea level). In the highlands, cassava requires a longer harvest time (aged 15 months to 24 months) in order to obtain high tuber yields. Noerwijati and Budiono (2015) reported that decreased tuber yield at 530 m asl was 32 %, while at 800 m asl was 86 %, compared to tuber yield at 80 m asl. lrikura et al (1979) have clearly stated that distinct genotypes are required for high altitude (mean temperature less than 22°C) compared to the lowland. Aims: to select high yielding cassava clones for use as selection material for adaptive cassava clones to medium-high altitude. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Jambegede research station, Kepanjen sub-district, Malang, East Java, in 2018 planting season. The materials used in this study include 1016 cassava clones. Single plants from the crossing were planted in the field with a spacing of 100 cm x 80 cm. The design used is Augmented design with control varieties were several cross-parent genotypes, namely UK 1 Agritan, Litbang UK, Malang 4, Adira 4, Lokal Tlekung Ungu, and Gajah Ungu. Plants are fertilized with a dose of 225 kg Urea + 200 kg Phonska + 100 SP 36 per hectare. Fertilizer is given twice, namely 1 month and 3 month after planting. Weeding and repairs of ridges are carried out before fertilization. The parameters observed were fresh tuber yields and harvest index. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results: From 1016 individual in F1 cassava populations, have a tuber yield range of 0.20 kg to 9.20 kg with an average of 1.80 kg/plant. The average yield of each F1 family did not exceed the average of the control varieties. This is because the results of tubers in F1 population can not be maximized because the plants come from seeds, there are even F1 plants that do not produce tubers. However, there are F1 individuals that have tuber yield per plant above the average of control variety. The family that had the highest tuber yield per plant was the result of an open pollinated with female parent of the Kaspro clone. For the harvest index, the selected family has a harvest index above 0.5, which means they have good ability to produce tubers. From 1016 F1 individuals have a harvest index range of 0.25 to 0.96 with an average 0.75. These results are shown in the analysis cluster based on data on the average yield of tubers and harvest index of the F1 family which form five clusters. The control varieties form separate clusters from the average F1 family, with characteristics of tuber c

Keywords
cassava, harvest index, segregation, tuber yield. References

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/e2EkJxFZfMBR


Genetic Analysis of Some Indonesian Black Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) Using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
Engga Dwi Supriyanto1, Gatot Subroto1, Denna Eriani Munandar1, and Tri Handoyo1,2*

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Corresponding Author
Engga Dwi Supriyanto

Institutions
1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
2Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
(*E-mail: trihandoyo.faperta[at]unej.ac.id)

Abstract
Background: Rice (Oryza sativa. L) is the main commodity of Indonesian food crops and become a staple food for the community. Black rice has high anthocyanin content, so it is very beneficial for the community. The relatively long age of black rice and low productivity are weaknesses that must be overcome. The development of black rice varieties is needed to assemble new plants that have a short life and high productivity. Plant assembly is strongly influenced by the level of plant kinship. Plant assembly is often done incorrectly due to close kinship, so diversity analysis is needed so that the development of black rice varieties is appropriate. Phylogenetic analysis describes genetic distance or differences between individuals in an organism or species. Phylogenic analysis can be carried out using morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics are based on differences in the morphological characteristics of each plant. Molecular identification use RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) based on DNA sequences that are homologous with a single short (10-12 base) oligonucleotide sequence. Molecular characters are based on genotypic characters, namely by looking at the different patterns of DNA bands that owned by plants. Aims: To determine the level of kinship and diversity in 10 varieties of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on morphological and molecular identification. Materials and Methods: In this study, we determinated the level of kindship of 10 varieties of black rice included Hitam Purbalingga, Hitam Purwekerto, Hitam Lumajang, Hitam Blitar, Hitam Bantul, Hitam Banjarnegara, Hitam Toraja, Hitam Melik, Pari Ireng, and Here Lahok/Timor Leste based on morphological and molecular identification. Morphological identification uses 7 variables i.e plant height, number of productive tillers, weight of 100 seeds, shape of grain, colour of grain, colour of rice age of flowering and age of harvest. The analysis results realized in the form of a dendogram. Molecular identification using RAPD marker with 9 primers included OPB-01, OPB-04, OPB-08, OPB-10, OPB-11, OPB12,OPB-13, OPB-17 and OPB-18. The DNA band profile translated into binary data with the provision of a value of 0 for no band and 1 for the presence of DNA bands in certain fragments. Both of data analysed into cluster using NTSYSpc software with DIST coefficient for morphological data and Jaccard-s Index for molecular data. The analysis results are realized in the form of dendogram and genetic similarity values. Results: Dendrogram of morphological data showed in 2 clusters, 2 groups and 2 subgroups. Cluster I was accopied by Hare Lahok and Hitam Purwekerto. Cluster II devided into 2 groups. First group include Hitam Blitar and second group include Hitam Melik, Pari Ireng, Hitam Bantul, Hitam Lumajang, Hitam Toraja, Hitam Purbalingga. Molecular kinship analysis used to determine the level of genetic similarity of 10 black rice vari

Keywords
Black Rice, Genetic Diversity, Morphological Characteristics, and RAPD

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QkHuPDbMrnm6


Genetic diversity of Phaseolus lunatus L. in East Java based on RAPD Marker
Elly Purwanti1, Mohamad Amin2, Siti Zubaidah3, Maftuchah4, Ahmad Fauzi*5

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Corresponding Author
Ahmad Fauzi

Institutions
1Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: purwantielly[at]ymail.com)
2Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: mohamad.amin.fmipa[at]um.ac.id)
3Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: siti.zubaidah.fmipa[at]um.ac.id)
4Agriculture and Animal Science Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: maftuchah[at]umm.ac.id)
5Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: ahmad_fauzi[at]umm.ac.id)

Abstract
Background: Phaseolus lunatus L. is a type of legume which is potential to become food source for Indonesians as it is rich in nutrition. Unfortunately, its potential as food source rich in nutrition is under-appreciated by most Indonesians. In addition to the decreasing number of P. lunatus L. population, researches which concern on the diversity and diversification of beans in Indonesia are limited in all sorts. Species diversity study is an interesting yet important field of research. However, diversity and the relation among Phaseolus species in Indonesia are hardly be found. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the diversity of P. lunatus L. in East Java, Indonesia based on RAPD marker. Materials and Methods: In this study, P. lunatus L. collected from some areas around East Java, namely Tulungagung, Kediri, Malang, Probolingo, and Madura. This study includes two main stages: (1) DNA isolation following the CTAB method Doyle and Doyle (1987) modified by Maftuchah and Zainudin (2010); and (2) Electrophoresis of the isolated results using RAPD OPA6 (GGTCCCTGAC) primers, OPA8 (GTGACGTAGG), OPA10 (GTGATCGCAG), OPA20 (GTTGCGATCC), OPC19 (GTTGCCAGCC), OPD8 (GTGTGCCCCCC), OPA10 (GTGATCGCAG), OPA20 (GTTGCGATCC), OPC19 (GTTGCCAGCC), OPD8 (GTGTGCCCCCC) OPE15 (ACGCACAACC), OPE16 (GGTGACTGTG) developed by Operon technologies, Alameda, California. Data analysis was performed by looking at the banding pattern that appeared from the electrophoresis results at each primary locus. After that the DNA band pattern data was then converted to binary data. Furthermore, from the bands that appear will be seen the percentage of polymorphic and monomorphic bands. Then, the phylogenetic tree was compiled using PopGen software. Results: Variation of genotypic diversity in 15 genotypes resulted in 68 RAPD bands being scanned from 10 primary oligonucleotides (OPA6; OPA8; OPA10; OPA20; OPC19; OPD8; OPD12; OPE8; OPE15; OPE16) with an average of 6.8 bands per primary. Of the 10 primers used to produce 68 bands, with varying sizes of DNA fragments. The results of the amplification seen almost all polymorphic DNA bands. The total bands produced from 10 primers were 68 DNA bands. Primers that produce the smallest number of bands were OPA10 and OPA20 primers, while primers that produce the most bands were OPD12, producing 9 bands. There were 9 primers which have 100% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of 68 pattern bands produces a phylogenetic tree using Neighbor-Joining method, with similarity coefficients ranging from 64% -100%. In the genetic similarity coefficient, P. lunatus formed two groups, namely the main cluster (cluster A) consisting of genotypes 7, 8, 13, as well as 14 and the second main cluster group (cluster B) consisting of genotypes 2, 4, 16, 18, Prb1, Prb2, Prb3, Prb4, as well as Prb 5. Conclusion: PCR-RAPD results using 10 random primers informed that genetic variation among 15 P. lunatus L. genotypes was found in the range of 0-36%.

Keywords
cluster analysis; Phaseolus lunatus L.; polymorphism; RAPD marker

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/a6tnfAFHwjJW


Growth Performance of Indigofera zollingeriana Which Substitute Farm Waste Fertilizer in Growth Media
Asmah H, Kurnia H, Rikha F A, Dwica A, Diah N, and Agung M.W

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Corresponding Author
Asmah Hidayati

Institutions
Animal Sciences Department, Agricultural – Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
This research aim to study Indigofera zollingeriana (I zollingeriana) growth in media which used farm waste as substitute to humus. Farm waste was forages and concentrate waste which animals didn-t want to eat. For to take advantage of farm waste, it has to fermentation in selulolitics bacteria for 4 weeks. The result of fermentation was used as subtituted to humus in growing media of I zollingeriana. There were 3 treatment namely P0 (humus 50%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 0%), P1 humus 25%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 25%) and P2 (humus 0%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 100%). Each treatment has 5 times repetation, and each unit content 10 trees. After 1 months observation, variables were measured namely sums of leaves, plant height, root length, sums of nodules, dry matter and crude protein production. Samples of DM and CP were analysed in Laboratory of Nutrition University of Muhammadiyah Malang in procsimat method (AOAC, 2010). Data were analysed in excell programme. Results, averages height of plants in P0, P1 dan P2 were 145; 187,7 and 176,62 cm. Roots lenght were 8,7; 15 dan 14,5 cm. Sums of leaves were 71; 74,1 dan 56,89. DM content were (%) 17,63; 14,88 and 15,76. CP content were (%) ; 17,11; 17,93 and 20,99. Conclussion, farm waste fermentation for 4 weeks giving growth performance better than none farm waste. Farm waste 25% in media has the best performance of I zollingeriana growths and content of DM and CP.

Keywords
Farms Waste fertilizer, Growth Parameter, DM and CP Content

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yN8Lv4aqmWcG


Hematological Features of Local Duck Blood that are Given Natural Isotonic in Dry Systems
Nurul Frasiska*1, Putri Dian Wulansari2 and Novia Rahayu3

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Corresponding Author
Nurul Frasiska

Institutions
1, 2, 3Authors- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Perjuangan University, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: nurulfrasiska[at]unper.ac.id, callmeuput[at]gmail.com, noviarahayu[at]unper.ac.id)

Abstract
Generally maintenance of ducks used wet system. The cage equipped with pool for bathing, drinking, reproducing and doing activities. However, this condition is not efficient in the limited land area. This research tried to implement dry systems. This system suppresses feed convertion, simplifies egg collection when ducks enter the layer period and makes it easy to manage. The weakness of this dry system can cause stress to ducks because minimal maintenance of water is contrary to the bodys function of ducks as waterfowl and causes oxidative stress. This study aims to produce a natural isotonic made from a mixture of celery extract and lime juice for local ducks that are intensively reared with a dry maintenance system and are able to reduce oxidative stress, with the right dosage indicated by blood hematology parameters as a picture of duck health. The results showed a significant decrease in leukocyte and platelet levels in T2 which is consist of 7% sugar + lime juice 3% + Celery extract 50 mg + salt 0.9gr. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte levels also showed a decrease in T2 but were not significant. Decreased leukocyte levels at T2 indicate that the use of natural isotonic at these levels has an impact on increasing immunity to local ducks.

Keywords
Dry System, Hematological blood, Isotonic, Local duck

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/chgQ9tjwZxRN


Hydrolysis of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch using Aspergillus niger
Sri Sugiwati, Suaidah, Eka Triwahyuni, Muryanto, Haznan Abimanyu

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Corresponding Author
Sri Sugiwati Sugiwati

Institutions
Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) constitutes a great source of lignocellulosic biomass, mainly comprising of 66.97% of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and 24.45% of lignin. This present work aimed to hydrolyze cellulose present in OPEFB to form glucose with aid of Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus niger is a type of filamentous fungi able to produce cellulase, a multi-enzyme complex consisting of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and -glucosidase, able to converting cellulose into glucose. The glucose produced is then fermented to produce bioethanol. In this present work, we compared hydrolytic activity of cellulose between OPEFB with preteatment using NaOH 10% and OPEFB without pretreatment, with regard to temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. The concentration of reducing sugar derived from cellulosic hydrolysis was determined by using glucose assay of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. The results showed that hydrolysis of cellulose operated at 40°C for 3 days yielded reducing sugar of 13.01 mg/mL (OPEFB-untreated) and 1.16 mg/mL (OPEFB-pretreated).

Keywords
OPEFB, hydrolysis, Aspergillus niger

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/adFKzrDE4UPB


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