Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Jaswandi Jaswandi

Institutions
(a) Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Andalas University
(b) Departemen Social Economy and Farm Extention of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Andalas University
(c) Animal Breeding Center

Abstract
Simmental cattle are superior cows from subtropics imported to Indonesia to improve genetic quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Simmental cows in tropical environments, especially Indonesia. This study used 35 Simmental cattle which had complete recording and were maintained at Animal Breeding Research Center in Padang Mengatas. Selected Simmental cows were 4-6 years old and have normal reproduction. The data observed included the age of first mating, the length of first pregnancy, the age of first calving, the service period and calving interval. Data are presented descriptively and expressed in term of mean and standard deviation. The results showed that the age of first mating, the length of first pregnancy, the age of first calving, the service period and calving interval were 526.8 ± 99.84, 280.68 ± 8.18, 825.48 ± 99.64, 182.82 ± 84.29, 279.88 ± 13.40 and 462.71 ± 97.69, respectively. The average birth weight of a calf is 31.39 ± 4.9 with the male and female ratio are 48.57: 51.42. It is concluded that the performance of Simmental cow is not optimal which can be seen from a length of calving interval

Keywords
reproductive, simmental cow, tropical environment

Topic
General animal production and husbandries (ruminants and non-ruminants)

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ne846hRcqx2U

Corresponding Author
Ening Ariningsih

Institutions
1Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3B, Bogor 16111, West Java, Indonesia
2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3B, Bogor 16111, West Java, Indonesia
3Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 3B, Bogor 16111, West Java, Indonesia

E-mail correspondence: ening.ariningsih[at]gmail.com
E-mail (Author 2): handewipurwati[at]gmail.com
E-mail (Author 3): erwidodo[at]gmail.com

Abstract
As a highly perishable product, sales and marketing are very important for fresh milk produced by dairy farmers. This paper aimed to analyze the sales and marketing of fresh milk done by smallholder dairy farmers in West Java. Data used in this paper is a part of the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) data collected during August‒September 2017, covering 600 smallholder dairy farm households in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Regencies. Descriptive statistic analysis using tabulation was employed to process the data. Almost all the dairy farmers sold fresh milk, except one in Bogor who sold milk in the form of processed milk. Almost all farmers (98 percent) sold their fresh milk to dairy cooperatives, showing dairy farmers- strong dependency on the dairy cooperatives. The price of fresh milk received by the farmers ranged from Rp4,794/L (Bogor Regency) to Rp4,212/L (Cianjur Regency), giving an average of Rp4,459/L. Due to the strong dependency on the dairy cooperatives, it is important to strengthen dairy cooperatives- management capacities to help dairy farmers improve their milk quality, and hence prices, as well as dairy farmers- welfare.

Keywords
fresh milk, sales, marketing, price, smallholder, cooperative

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/n7DYPb4xq2wM

Corresponding Author
Mochamad Sugiarto

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
Intellectual capital is the farmers intangible asset related to human, relational and structural capital. Human capital in the form of knowledge and skills, relational capital is the ability to interact with markets, consumers, and others, meanwhile structural capital is the ability to develop innovations and to manage the household organizations. This research aims at identifying the farmers intellectual capital of Kebumen Ongole cattle related to the livestock productions and analyzing the factors strengthening the farmers intellectual capital. The survey was conducted on 147 farmers of Kebumen Ongole cattle through a multistage sampling method. The obtained data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical test and spearman ranking correlation test. The results showed that the farmers had already have adequate intellectual capital with the score of 116.92. The farmers ability related to education and information access is one important factor to strengthen the farmers intellectual capital (P <0.01). The farmers ability to access information is considered essential in order to strengthen the farmers intellectual capital.

Keywords
education, information access, intellectual capital

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KAz6wuWfJCgt

Corresponding Author
Sukawaty Fattah

Institutions
1Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85361 Indonesia
2Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, 85361 Indonesia

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of giving complete feed containing silage of banana stems with different levels of feed conversion, efficiency of ration usage, production costs and profits from fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern. Experimental animals employed in this research were 12 heads of growing male Bali cattle of 1 to 1.5 years old with the body weight ranging from 140,5 to 166 kg with an average of 155 kg and coefficient variation (CV) 8.72%, were employed. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications : T0: local feeds (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed without banana stem silage, T1: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed containing 10% silage of banana stems, T2: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed containing 20% banana stem silage, T3: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg of complete feed containing 30% silage of banana stems. Data collected was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the effect of treatments was not significantly (P>0.05) on feed conversion, efficiency of ration usage, production costs and profits from fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern. The conclusion of this study is the provision of complete feed containing silage of banana stems with different levels giving the same effect between treatments on feed conversion, efficiency of ration usage, production costs and profits from fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern.

Keywords
banana stem silage, complete feed, technical and economic value, fattening Bali cattle farmers patterns.

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cuDkWNAz82qT

Corresponding Author
t Setyawardani

Institutions
Animal Science Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
Physical characteristics of kefir is one of the factors that influence the level of consumer sensory acceptance of the product. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the use of a combination of raw materials (cattle and colostrum) on kefir making on texture profiles and sensory characteristics. The study used 6 treatment combinations namely P1 = 100% cows milk; P2 = 80% cows milk + 20% colostrum; P3 = 60% cows milk + 20% colostrum; P4 = 40% cows milk + 60% colostrum; P5 = 20% cow milk + 80% colostrum and P6 = 100% colostrum. The results show that hardness and effectiveness are not influenced by the combination of raw materials, but gummines are influenced by a combination of raw materials (p <0.05). The average value of kefir guminess is 1.76 ± 1.16 to 4.86 ± 0.77 G. The sensory characteristics of flavor, color, texture, and overall preference were significantly affected (p <0.05) by the combination of raw materials (cattle and colostrum) used. Flavor assessment results with a score of 2.47 - 3.10 (less fresh-sour); Aroma / odor 2.43 - 3.20 (sour but not fresh - rather sour). Color 1.3 - 4.93 (white - yellow), texture 1.80 - 4.73 (smooth - rather rough). Flavor score The scoring score by the panelists is 3.20 with the appraisal criteria like. The favorite rate is 3.20 (like) - 4.20 (rather like).

Keywords
kefir, colsotrum, texture profile, sensory, cow milk

Topic
Post harvest handling and processing of meat, milk, eggs, wools, and by-products

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3JWaVy4z8Hk2

Corresponding Author
Hari Dwi Utami

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University

Abstract
Study was carried out at Banyuwangi Regency, East Java of Indonesia. The research objectives were to investigate financial performance of the broiler duck farming based on farm-scales. 10 respondents who joining in farmer group were obtained by multistage sampling method that categorized into three farm-scales namely, small-scale (having 200-1,266 birds, n = 6), medium-scale (controlling 1,266-2,533 birds, n= 2) and large-scale: rearing more than 2,533 birds, n = 2). Data were collected during one year with five production periods. Survey method using structured questionnaire was to obtain primary data. Whereas, secondary data were provided by the farmer group and the related institution. Analysis data involved capital, production cost, revenue, profit, break-even point (BEP), R/C ratio, and rentability. Results discovered that the third production period of broiler duck farming in large-scale was the most profitable of IDR 8,207 per bird. It was IDR 22,520 of capital which structured by 8.02% of fixed and 91.98% working capital; IDR 20,715 of production cost that composed by 60.53% of feed and 27.52% of DOD; IDR 28,923 of revenue with consisting of 99.01% from the selling of live broiler duck and 0.99% from others (feed bags, manure and cardboard). Similarly, this farm represented the efficient broiler duck farming on the basis of IDR 21,796 of price BEP; 1.40 of R/C ratio; and 36.45% of rentability.

Keywords
Production cost, profitable, BEP, R/C ratio, rentability

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uv8QP4tADLcY

Corresponding Author
Munasik Munasik

Institutions
Facultyof Animal Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman

Abstract
The aimed of this research to examine the effect of the concentrate to forage ratio of complete feed silage on crude protein consumption, crude fiber consumption, energy consumption and fat consumption of the local male sheep that was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Five types of the ensilage of complet feed treatments consisted of P1 (Napier grass 70% + concentrate 26% + 1.5% + mineral salts urea 0.5% + 0.5% + molasses 1.5%), P2 (Napier grass 60% concentrate 36% + mineral salts 1.5% + 0.5% + 0.5% urea molasses + 1.5%), P3 (Napier grass 50% + concentrate 46% + 1.5% + mineral salts + 0.5% urea 0 , 5% molasses + 1.5%), P4 (Napier grass 40% + concentrate 56% + 1.5% + mineral salts 0.5% + 0.5% urea molasses 1.5%), P5 (Napier grass 30% + concentrate 66% + 1.5% + mineral salts 0.5% + 0.5% urea molasses + 1.5%). Twenty of local male sheep with a body weight 12.5 – 22.5 kg divided into 4 blocks were used in this experiment. The parameters measured were the consumptions of crude protein, crude fiber, energy and fat. Data were analyzed using variance analysis and followed by honestly significant difference test (HSD). The conclusion of this study is that the P3 treatment was the best concentrate to forage ratio of complete feed silage for fattening with consumption of crude protein as much as 131.01 ± 4.05 grams/day/head, crude fiber consumption 103.06 ± 3.33 grams/day/head, energy consumption 655.80 ± 18.74 grams/day/head and fat consumption 55.84 ± 1.83 grams/day/head.

Keywords
Complete feed silage, consumption, crude protein, crude fiber, energy, fat, concentrate, Napier grass

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DAQ4bYuzXm2Z

Corresponding Author
Nur Solikin S.Pd.,M.MA

Institutions
1) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri
2,3,4) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Abstract
Developing the livestock sector in Kediri, East Java Province requires an investigation on the social capital of beef cattle farmers to observe the actual condition and the strategies. The research is aimed to describe the social capital that includes the kinship, behaviours, norms and interactions and to analyse the correlation between social capital and economic income of beef cattle farming in Kediri Regency. The study was conducted from January to June 2018, collecting data from a survey and questionnaire. A multistage sampling method was applied to collect 150 farmers in eight sub-districts in Kediri. Data were subject to descriptive analysis. The result showed that the social capital of beef cattle farmers in Kediri is at the medium level as observed from the farmers- ability to collaborate in achieving group objectives. The average annual income of beef cattle farmers in Kediri was IDR 2.700.000. The result showed a significant correlation (0,426) between the social capital and the income of beef cattle farmers in Kediri. It indicated that the higher the social capital, the higher the income. Some efforts to increase social capitals included a social gathering and farmers upskill through intensive training on technology mastery.

Keywords
Social Capital, Beef Cattle Farmer, Kediri Regency

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xvkYnjpFWzrV

Corresponding Author
Rita Purwasih

Institutions
a) Agroindustry, Politekik Negeri Subang
Jalan Brigjen Katamso No. 37 (Belakang RSUD Subang), Dangdeur, Subang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
*rita.purwasih[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Abstract. This study aimed to determine the chemical content of cookies with the addition of chicken feet flour and chicken neck bones flour of these cookies. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment given is T0 (wheat flour); T1 (wheat flour + feet flour); and T2 (flour + neck bone flour). Variables measured include water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and phosphos. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis followed by the Smallest Significant Difference Test (LSD). The results of the variance analysis showed that the addition of chicken feet flour and neck bones flour had a significant effect (P <0.05) on ash content; fat; protein; carbohydrate; calcium and phosphor.

Keywords
chicken feet, cookies, neck bones, nutrition, flour

Topic
Post harvest handling and processing of meat, milk, eggs, wools, and by-products

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WEh8MmUJCA9d

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Salah

Institutions
1Faculty of Animal Production, University Of Khartoum, Department Of Poultry Production, Sudan
2Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University.Indonesia

Abstract
The purposes of this experiment were to study the effect of three different environmental conditions (hot, cool, and natural) in the chicken behavior as indicated by duration of tonic immobility, and the role of dietary nucleotide supplementation on the elevate the stress. A total of 165 unsexed commercial chickens at fourteen-day of age were divided into three different environmental conditions; hot environment (H) with ambient temperature 31±1°C, comfortable environment (C) with ambient temperature 23 ±1°C, and natural environment (N). The chicken in Every environment condition received a basal diet supplemented with three levels of nucleotide (0 mg/kg) as a control group (T0), T1; 1000 mg/kg, and T2; 500 mg/kg. Birds were fed ad libitum until slaughter at 35 day. The duration of tonic immobility was evaluated two times on age 25 day and 34 day. The result of this study revealed that chicken reared under high temperature (hot and natural environment) increase the duration of tonic immobility compare with chickens rear under comfortable condition. The supplementation of dietary nucleotide has no effect on reducing the stress behavior.

Keywords
Environment, Nucleotide, Stress, Tonic immobility

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/B8dxGn4JENFz

Corresponding Author
Iwan Fajar Pahlawan

Institutions
Center for Leather, Rubber and Plastics, Ministry of Industry

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the influence of flame retardant addition in fatliquoring and finishing process on the quality of the finished leather. The research used materials, i.e. pickled cattle hides, chromium basic sulphate, synthetic tanning agents, commercial flame retardant, fatliquors, dyestuff, and other chemicals for beam house operation and finishing process. The trial included the addition of flame retardant in fatliquoring (2%, 4%, and 6% w/w) and finishing process (100 parts, 200 parts, 300 parts). As a control, pickled cattle hides were processed without the addition of the flame retardant. The evaluation of the samples was emphasized on the physical and mechanical properties of those after the treatment. Physical properties were represented by the shrinkage percentage, thickness, and rub fastness. While, mechanical properties comprised the tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that the resultant leather-s shrinkage percentage varied from 7.65% to 13.03%, the thickness covered a range between 0.71 mm to 1.01 mm, and the rub fastness was 5 (dry basis) and 4/5 (wet basis). This study concluded that several treatments could meet the standard related to leather working gloves and heat resistance leather.

Keywords
Fatliquoring, finishing process, flame retardant, heat resistance leather, leather working gloves

Topic
Post harvest handling and processing of meat, milk, eggs, wools, and by-products

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KNdjvCH4LMUt

Corresponding Author
Sukawaty Fattah

Institutions
Faculty Animal Husbandry, Nusa cendana University, Kupang

Abstract
A study has been conducted to determine 1) the effect of local feeds supplementation and de-worming on calf birth weight. 2) the influence of local feeds supplementation and de-worming on changes of post partum body weight, and 3) the effect of local feeds supplementation and de-worming on the feacal eggs count. The method in this study is the experimental method used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the average of birth weight was obtained is highest child receiving treatment (P2) local feeds supplementation and de-worming is 14.1±0.822kg, followed by treatment (P1) obtain local feeds supplementation without de-worming is 13.1±0.652kg, and the lowest at (P0) treatment without local feed supplementation and de-worming is 11.5±0.791kg. The average of body weight gain after 2 months partus is highest in the (P2) treatment obtain local feed supplementation and de-worming is 16.82±0.602kg, followed by treatment (P1) obtain local feeds supplementation without de-worming is 16.38±0.415kg, and the lowest at treatment (P0) without local feeds supplementation and de-worming is 10.72±0.563kg. The average feacal eggs count is highest on (P0) treatment is 68.4±2.702worm/gfeces, followed by treatment (P1) is 64.2±2.490worm/gfeces, and lowest in the treatment of P2 by 25±2.236worm/gfeces. Statistical test results showed that the local feeds supplementation and de-worming on Bali cow very significant effect (P <0.05) on calf birth weight, body weight changes after partus of Bali cattle cow, and the feacal eggs count.

Keywords
supplementation, de-worming, cow, calf, local feeds.

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/r2MjeUwqpJct

Corresponding Author
Eko Hendarto

Institutions
Animal Science Faculty

Abstract
The efforts to improve the agronomy management techniques to increase the production and nutrient contents of forages are continually studied to increase the efficiencies in all aspects of life, one of which is fertilization. Tradidional-market waste liquid organic fertilizers can beused to fertilize setaria grass. This research was conducted to get information concerning the best dosage of liquid organic fertilizer utilization. An experimental method using Completely Randomized Design was applied in this study. The treatments were: 6 (six) doses of mixtures of the liquid organic fertilizer : water, of the ratios of 0:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, volume by volume, each of which was repeated 4 times. The land area used was 2 m x 1.5 m per plot (experimental unit). The variables measured were the dry matter (DM) concentration, DM production, crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFt), and crude fiber (CFb) contents. The data used were the results of the harvest at second defoliation. The results of the study showed that the doses of water in the fertilizer did not indicate any significant differences (P > 0.05) on all varibles being studied. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the addition of water into the fertilizer can be applied up to 5 folds the volume of the organic liquid fertilizer in the agronomy management of Setaria grass (Setaria splendida).

Keywords
liquid fertilizer, traditional market organic wastes, Setaria grass (Setaria splendida), production.

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/B473AYRELH8g

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Daud

Institutions
Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

Abstract
The research aims to study the use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic in rations on the performance of local duck grower phase. The study used 80 heads local duck 8-16 weeks old grower phase. The study was conducted by experimental method, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments of rations and 4 replications (5 ducks/pen). The experiment used completely randomized design with 4 treatment rations: R1 (basal diet /control), R2 (basal diet + phytogenic 0.4%); R3 (basal diet + probiotic 108 CFU); R4 (basal diet + phytogenic 0.4% + probiotic 108 CFU). The observed variables were: feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion, and mortality of local duck. Data was analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance then continued with Duncan test. The results showed that the use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic gave a positive response to the performance of local duck grower phase. The use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic in ration significantly affect (P<0,05) feed consumption, body weight gain, and final body weight, but no significant affect on ration conversion and mortality local duck grower phase. It was concluded that the use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic could serve as a source of feed additive in local duck ration and able to increase performance of local duck grower phase.

Keywords
phytogenic, probiotic, feed additive, performan, local ducks

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kgwMcCaxF9Ee

Corresponding Author
Dadang Mulyadi Saleh

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
Sexually mature Indonesian native hens (Sentul hens) were housed singly in laying cages and artificially inseminated with combination of three different levels of diluted pooled semen (50 million sperm/0.05 ml; 100 million sperm/0.1 ml; and 150 million sperm/0.15 ml) and at either of three different intervals (every 3, 6 and 9 days). The results show that the sperm number and Insemination inverval had no significant interaction (P>0.05) on % fertility and hatchability. The best fertility (P< 0.05) was obtained by inseminating interval 6 days with sperm number 100 million/ 0.1 ml of diluted semen.

Keywords
Sperm number, insemination interval, fertility, hatchability, sentul hens

Topic
General animal production and husbandries (ruminants and non-ruminants)

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XbeDzfj8yw24

Corresponding Author
Tati Rohayati

Institutions
Universitas Garut

Abstract
The quality of the pellets is determined by the ingredients of pellets. This study aims to determine the amount of Indigofera zollingeriana and banana corm that fermented by Trichoderma harzianum as a substitute for soybean meal and rice bran in ration on the physical qualities of pellets. The research method was experimental using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors and each five treatment and two replications. Experimental data were analyzed by analysis variance, then to find out the differences between treatments were analyzed by Duncans Multiple Range Test. The results showed that there was an interaction between the use of Indigofera zolingeriana and banana corm on durability and density of pellet. The highest pellet durability was obtained by using 26% Indigofera zollingeriana and 1.25% banana corm, while the highest pellet density was obtained using 0% Indigofera zollingeriana and 1.25% banana corm.

Keywords
Physic, Indigofera zollingeriana, Banana Corm, Pellets.

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hv8z6X2EYA4P

Corresponding Author
Charles Venirius Lisnahan

Institutions
Agricultural Faculty, Timor University,
Jalan El Tari, Km. 9, Kefamenanu, Nusa Tenggara Timur, 85616

Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to know the internal organs size of 6-weeks old native chickens after supplement addition with l-threonine and l-tryptophan in the feed. A total of 112 native chickens a week-old were used in this experiment. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with four treatments and four replications. The dietary treatments were: T0 (control feed without supplementation of l-threonine and l-tryptophan); T1 (supplementation of 0.35% l-threonine and 0.10% l-tryptophan); T2 (supplementation of 0.68% l-threonine and 0.17% l-tryptophan); T3 (supplementation of 1.00% l-threonine and 0.25% l-tryptophan). The data collected were body weight, liver, pancreas, gizzard, and intestinal length of native chickens aged 6 weeks. The statistical analysis showed that supplementation of l-threonine and l-tryptophan gave significant effect (P<0.01) upon body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length. It can be concluded that supplementation of 1.00% l-threonine and 0.25% l-tryptophan give the highest body weight and internal organs size of native chickens.

Keywords
Native chicken, l-threonine, l-tryptophan, internal organs

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7uQVcxeZmfCy

Corresponding Author
doso sarwanto

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Wijayakusuma University, Purwokerto, 53152, Indonesia

Abstract
The negative effect of limestone mining is the formation of open field which caused the reduction of diversity level and the productivity of indigenous forages. The open field that was used as a limestone mining can be revegetated through the introduction of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). We need a further study about the distribution level of the introduction result of dwarf elephant grass as the substitute of indigenous goat forages in limestone area. The research method used in this research is experimental in vivo using Completed Random Sampling. The materials used in this study are 16 local male goats from limestone area weighed about 25,8 kg ± 1,66. The treatment consists of 4 dwarf elephant grass-s distribution levels as the substitute of indigenous forages, i.e. 0, 25%, 50% and 75% with 4 repetitions. The parameter consists of feed intake and body weight gain. This research is located in Gombong-s limestone mountain area in Central Java, Indonesia. The result of this research shows that the distribution dwarf elephant grass as the substitute of indigenous goat forages until 75% has non significant (P>0,05) of feed intake and body weight gain. Meanwhile, if we reviewed from the tendency of body weight gain, the distribution of dwarf elephant grass as the substitute of indigenous goat forages should only reach 25%.

Keywords
dwarf elephant grass, indigenous forages, goat, limestone mountain

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kULA4XfYKGbd

Corresponding Author
Arika Rizki Rofikoh

Institutions
(a) Postgraduate Master Program of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University
(b) Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the potential breeding worth of cows at different age based on body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC) and body condition score (BCS) of 440 cattle from 29 breeding groups in Urut Sewu which included Mirit subdistrict, Ambal, Buluspesantren, Klirong, Petanahan, and Puring subdistrict. The study applied a survey method allocating two age groups: U1= 18 – 24 months and U2 = >24 – 36 months. The observed variables were BW, CC and BCS. The collected data were subject to an Independent sample test (t-test). The result showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between U1 and U2. The average BW, CC, and BCS of Kebumen “Peranakan Ongole” (PO) cattle in U1 were 306,04 ± 67,86 kg, 153,99 ± 11,74 cm and 3,18 ± 0,41, respectively, and in U2 were 368,00 ± 97,79 kg, 163,10 ± 14,38 cm and 3,48 ± 0,58, respectively. The body condition score of Kebumen PO cattle was higher than in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI); therefore, PO cattle had an improved grade as potential germplasm of indigenous cattle in Indonesia

Keywords
Peranakan Ongole (PO), Age, body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), body condition score (BCS)

Topic
General animal production and husbandries (ruminants and non-ruminants)

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CERjN4vPTeAQ

Corresponding Author
Amam Amam

Institutions
1. University of Jember, Indonesia
2. University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Independent farmers principally provide all production inputs from their own capital and can liberally convey their products on the market. From the problems found in the real life, thus the purposes of this study are: 1) to assess the resources that can be accessed by independent broiler breeders, 2) to find the strength of independent broiler breeders resources that support business development. Methodology: A total of 42 independent pattern broiler breeders are still running their livestock businesses in Malang Regency. Data were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS 2.0 application. Results: The results showed that: 1) independent broiler breeders have access to financial resources, technological resources, physical resources, economic resources, environmental resources, and social resources; and 2) financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental and social resources affect farmer human resources by 82.7%, while financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental, social, and HR resources have an influence on the development of chicken farming broiler at 16.3%. Conclusion: economic resources have a direct and significant negative effect on the development of independent pattern broiler farming.

Keywords
SEM, resources, broiler, SmartPLS, and business development.

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j3MCEvcJawBY

Corresponding Author
Asep Rahmat Khaerudin

Institutions
a Postgraduate Master Program of Animal Husbandry, University of Jenderal Soedirman
*khaerz45 [at]gmail.com
b Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Jenderal Soedirman
fmsuhartati[at]gmail.com , yusmi_nw[at]yahoo.com
Jl. DR.Soeparno No 60 Purwokerto Utara 53122, Indonesia

Abstract
The objective of this cohort retrospective study was to determine the association be between the influence of feeding patterns with health disorders in the transition period and dentifying potential economic losses in KPBS Pangalengan area. Data from 2065 calving event and incidence of hypocalcemia, retensio placenta, displasia abomasum, ketosis, mastitis, metritis and lameness from January 2017 until December 2018, from 3 groups of feeding patterns, pattern I (concentrate, Penissetum purpureun, tofu/cassava by product), Pattern II (Concentrate ,rice straw, cassava by product and pattern III (concentrate, wild grass). Analysis and significances using Relative Risk (RR) and Chi square. The result of analysis, the pattern I had greater risk of hypocalcemia (RR 1,923 , 95% CI 1,438-2,571, P 0,0001) and displasia abomasum(RR 4,962, 95% CI 1,813-19,645, P 0,0001) than pattern III and pattern II had and greater risk of retensio placenta (RR 11,014 95%CI 4,898-24,767, P 0,0001), metritis (RR 2,415 95%CI 1,626-3,399 P 0,0001) and mastitis (RR 6,697 95%CI 5,023-8,929, P 0,0001) than pattern III. Pattern I and II had greater risk of experiencing hipocalsemia, retensio secunndinae, displasia abomasum, ketosis ,mastitis, metritis and lameness than pattern III. The conclusion of analysis there is a significant ( p < 0,05) relationship or influnce between the pattern of feeding in transitiom period and pattern III is the best in reducing incidence of periparturient diseases. Diseases that arise implicates the economic loss due to health problems in the transition period is calculated from the cost of veterinarians, Labor (producer Labor), milk loss, discarded milk, culling cost, death, extended days open

Keywords
Relative Risk (RR), feeding pattern, periparturient diseases,transition period

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GBcWxZCaYQM8

Corresponding Author
Anastasia Sischa Jati Utami

Institutions
Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Bali

Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the used of herbs and local feed additive alternative for improving chickens productivity and eggs. This study was conducted in Bangli District with chickens used within age 22-42 week with the used of herbs added to drinking water ad libitum. The study used The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD with 4 treatment P0=control; P1 treatment P0 with herbs; P2 treatment P0+ marigold flower; P3 treatment P0 with capsaicin ; P4 treatment P0 with capsaicin and marigold flower. Data were observed for egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg volume and chicken weight gain during observation and egg quality. Data showed the best treatments was P2 treatment P0 with herbs (ginger and galangal). Data showed treatment P3 ( P0 with capsaicin) produce highest body weight gain. Overall, the best performance productivity showed on treatment P2.

Keywords
Key words : local feed additive, herbs, productivity, quality

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3ufEBkTPLnYU

Corresponding Author
Joko Riyanto

Institutions
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract
Acceptance and level of preference for sheep meat are influenced by the physical quality of the meat. This study aimed to know the effect of the use of animal oil saponification (lemuru fish oil: LFO) and vegetable oil (palm oil: PO) which was added to the ration on the physical quality of sheep meat. Twelve male local sheep were randomly divided into 3 ration treatments; P0: control ration (40% king grass : 60% concentrate), P1: 40% king grass + 57% concentrated + 3% saponified LFO and P2: 40% grass king + 57% concentrate + 3% saponified PO. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The observed variables were a physical quality of meat (pH, cooking losses, tenderness, collagen). The data obtained were analyzed by variance analysis and real difference test between treatments. The results showed that the use of LFO and PO was not a significant effect on the physical quality of meat (pH, cooking losses, tenderness, collagen). It can be concluded that the use of animal and vegetable oil saponification cannot improve the physical quality of sheep meat.

Keywords
Saponification of Animal, Vegetable Oils , Ration , Physical quality, Sheep meat, Biceps femoris

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bU74GPV9C3jv

Corresponding Author
Nur Hidayah

Institutions
1Animal Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, Bengkulu Muhammadiyah University, Bengkulu-38119, Indonesia
2Animal Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, Tidar University,
Magelang-56126, Indonesia
*corresponding author: nurhidayah[at]umb.ac.id

Abstract
Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) peel is a by-product that has not been utilized optimally. Some research reported that jengkol peel had potency as a source of fiber and bioactive compound (saponins and tannins) for ruminant. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of jengkol peel powder supplementation on total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and protozoa population on in vitro ruminal fermentation. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three treatments (2%, 4%, 6%) and four replications. The variables observed included total VFA production and protozoa population. Data were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the differences among treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that increasing supplementation of jengkol peel powder increased total VFA production (P<0.01) but did not affect protozoa population (P>0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of jengkol (A. jiringa) peel powder until 6% DM improved rumen fermentation.

Keywords
jengkol peel powder, protozoa, total VFA

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pYFPGHAbzkdm

Corresponding Author
Diana Indrasanti

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aims to determine oocyst excretion and hematological profile in coccidiosis rabbits given a combination of herbal extract II. Hematological profiles observed were red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), granulocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration). This study used 40 rabbit coccidiosis material with ± 3 months age of ± 650 g weight, a combination of herbal extracts consisting of banana stem extract (BSE), papaya seeds (PSE) and garlic (GE), a set of tools and materials for rabbit maintenance and a set of hematological examination tools. The research method was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The analysis used variance analysis followed by Honest Real Difference (HRD). The combination of herbal extract II consists of BSE: 40 mg; PSE: 20 mg; GE: 40 mg. Rabbits were divided into 8 treatments with 5 replications, namely giving a combination of herbal extracts 0 mg (D0), 10 mg (D1), 20 mg (D2), 40 mg (D3), 80 (D4) mg, 100 mg (D5) and the comparison are used herbal extract I (consist of BSE: 33 mg; PSE: 2 mg; GE: 65 mg) as much as 100 mg (D6) and Aquaprime® (D7). Blood collection is carried out through the heart on the 14th day after treatment. The combination of herbal extract II had a very significant effect on oocyst excretion, but did not have a significant effect on all hematology parameters. Hence, a combination of herbal extracts can be used as an alternative to reduce the number of oocysts in rabbits coccidiosis

Keywords
Rabbit coccidiosis; Oocyst; Herbal extract

Topic
General animal production and husbandries (ruminants and non-ruminants)

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fg7VQPrzkt6v

Corresponding Author
Novie Andri Setianto

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
A study has been undertaking for three years to develop a step by step protocol on systems analysis of smallholder beef farming systems in rural Java. One of the objective of the study is to identify and analyse the effect of government program on beef development. The participants of the research were 50 farmers of beef farming in two farmers group in Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Central Java. A series of direct observation combined with semi-structured interviews and workshops have been carried out to capture the everyday activity of the beef farming and to highlight the potential driven factors affecting the performance of the farming. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse: (i) the activities which commonly performed by farmers before and after receiving government grant (ii) the resources affected and affecting the grant, and (iii) pressures which drove farmers to get the government grant. Then, all the relationship among identified variables were drawn using Vensim® software to develop a qualitative model of the systems. Lastly, a stock and flow dynamic modelling was performed using iThink® software. The model showed several common systems loops as the findings. One of the highlighted was the double effect of government grant to the systems performance. Initial design of the government program was to increase the sufficiency of national beef stock by importing cattle. However, model showed that it also had unintended concequences to increase farmers- expectation to get easy instant cash.

Keywords
causal loop diagram; dynamic modeling; beef farming; stock and flow

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4KvZVhgwFCMX

Corresponding Author
Adi Ratriyanto

Institutions
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
*ratriyanto[at]staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract
Essential amino acid methionine is a methyl donor which involved in protein and fat metabolism; thus, it holds an important role in the synthesis of egg yolk and albumen precursors. This research aimed to observe the effect of methionine on the weight of egg and its components and to prove if egg weight could be used to predict the yolk and albumen weight. In total, 225 quails were allotted into three treatments and five replicates each with fifteen individuals. The treatments were basal diet (T0), basal diet with 0.06% (T1) and 0.12% methionine (T2). ANOVA was conducted to test the effect of treatments. Simple linear regressions were built to predict yolk and albumen weight based on egg weight. Cross validation procedure was applied to test the predictability of the models. Quails in T2 and T1 produced heavier eggs (9.29±0.52 and 9.04±0.76 g) compared to T0 (8.77±0.55 g). Albumen weight follow similar trends which were 5.37±0.38, 5.53±0.54, 5.75±0.44 g for T2, T1 and T0, respectively. Yolk weight slightly differ where T1 had higher weight (2.64±0.30 g) followed by T2 (2.62±0.27 g) and T0 (2.50±0.32 g). Pearson-s correlation between egg and yolk weight were between 61-71% whereas for egg and albumen were between 69-87%. Simple linear regression predicting yolk and albumen weight from egg weight had accuracies between 92.7-94.3% and 94.3-96.2%, respectively. Methionine supplementation had significant effect on egg and egg components weights. Linear regression can be utilized to predict yolk and albumen weight based on egg weight with high accuracy.

Keywords
Quail; Egg; Yolk,Albumen; Model prediction

Topic
Feeds, feeding, and animal nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uZ9XREfhHDUc

Corresponding Author
Rahayu Widiyanti

Institutions
Fakultas Peternakan UNSOED

Abstract
This study aims to get a deeper explanation of vertical integration in the broiler industry in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data on case decisions number 02 / KPPU-I / 2016. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) Republik Indonesia has issued a decision about the alleged violation of article11 of Act Number 5 of 1999 related to the regulation of broiler production in Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive method. The results obtained are (1) there are 14 large companies that are directly related to the broiler trade industry, (2) broiler industry products are DOC, feed, vitamins and drugs, raw materials for poultry feed and carcasses, (3) the business category in the broiler trade industry is integrated business, semi-integration business and non-integrated businesses. Business integration consists of vertical integration and horizontal integration. Vertical integration is a business that has a series of production processes from upstream to downstream. semi-integration business is a business that only has more than one production line but does not control the business from upstream to downstream. non-integrated business is a business that only has one production process. Integration business has a dominant market share and can influence the price maker. It was suggested that the Government monitor more closely the large companies that carry out integration so as not to collude and form a monopoly market.

Keywords
business integration, vertical integration, broiler industry

Topic
Socio-economic aspects of animal farming

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/R3FJEpH6tMaQ