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The 3rd International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE 2019)

Event starts on 2019.08.06 for 3 days in Makassar

http://isabe.agritech.unhas.ac.id | https://ifory.id/conf-abstract/ezjyNT4Cd

Page 4 (data 91 to 120 of 165) | Displayed ini 30 data/page

Modelling of Discharge and Sediment Transport in Terrace Paddy Fields Through The SWAT Model. A Case Study : Keduang Sub-Watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Central java, Indonesia .
Andrianto Ansari (a*), Tasuku Kato (b)

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Corresponding Author
Andrianto Ansari

Institutions
a. Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science
Tokyo University Of Agriculture and Technology
*s175560s[at]st.go.tuat.ac.id
b. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Abstract
Keduang Sub-Watershed is the greatest sediment producer into Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. One of the ways to reduce sedimentation is applying soil and water conservation in the mountainous area, i.e. applying terrace paddy fields. There are so many advantages of utilizing terrace paddy fields for the sustainability of the environment due to its capability to retain water and reduce surface run-off. The objective of this study is to simulate the discharge and sedimentation process of the watershed (Keduang Sub-Watershed) containing terrace paddy fields using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model that integrated with Geographic Information Systems (ArcSWAT version 2012.10.4.21). Model calibration and validation were performed for monthly periods using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting 2 (SUFI-2) within SWAT-CUP that was using observed streamflow data at catchment outlet. Model performance indicator used in this research were Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The calibration and validation outputs for monthly simulation showed good performances for discharges. From the simulation of the SWAT model, terrace paddy fields can reduce sedimentation around 37.96 % compared with the result of simulation without applying terrace paddy. It indicated that terrace paddy fields have a significant role in environmental issues, especially in the mountainous area.

Keywords
Terrace; SWAT; SWAT-CUP; Discharge; Sedimentation.

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jvn6NVTwB4xL


Modelling The Effect of Storage Temperature on Respiration Rate of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) With Crown
Dimas Sandy Dary Rahmadhanni, Sri Rahayoe, Nursigit Bintoro, Yudha Dwi Prasetyatama

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Corresponding Author
Dimas Sandy Dary Rahmadhanni

Institutions
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Maintaining freshness and functional quality of the fruit is a challenge in the food industry since consumers demand of fresh pineapple is high. Thus, it is important to know the effect of external factors on products during the respiration to controlling the quality and extends the shelf-life. The respiration rate (RR) was studied over a period of storage time by treating the full crown pineapple in the room storage of 7C, 15C and 25C. A closed system method was used to measure the respiration rate at 2, 4, 12, 24 hours intervals over 7,5-14,5 days of storage. Three temperature variations and three replications were carried out to observe the respiration rate. Respiration rate based on the O2 consumption at 7C is 2,05 ml.kg-1.h-1, at 15C is 6,45 ml.kg-1.h-1 and at 25C is 22,33 ml.kg-1.h-1, while based on CO2 produce at 7C is 5,90 ml.kg-1.h-1, at 15C is 20,83 ml.kg-1.h-1 and at 25C is 67,91 ml.kg-1.h-1. Furthermore, the modelling was conducted using Michaelis-Menten (MM) uncompetitive inhibition. The storage temperature of 7C resulted MM constant value Vmo is 4,28 and Vmc is 29,04 at the 15C Vmo is 59,18 and Vmc is 200 and at the 25C Vmo is 140 and Vmc is 805,10 with SSE ranged from 0,000378 to 0,0295. The Vmo-constant activation energy (Ea) is 132,42 kJ/mol and frequency factor (A) is 3E+25, while Vmc-constant Ea is 132,94 kJ/mol and A is 1,7E+26 with R2 ranged from 0,82 to 0,99. The result of Arrhenius analysis used to predict the respiration rate in storage temperature of 10C, 12C, 18C, 20C and 22C. The storage temperature recomendation with 30 days delivery time should at 12-18C.

Keywords
Arrhenius, Michaelis Menten, Respiration Rate, Pineapple

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FvVzgaxCEGUM


Monitoring Early Stage of Rice Crops Growth using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index generated from UAV
Rhushalshafira Rosle (a), Nik Norasma CheYa (a,*), Nor Athirah Roslin (a), Rowena Mat Halip (a) and Mohd Razi Ismail (b)

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Corresponding Author
RHUSHALSHAFIRA ROSLE

Institutions
a) Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

b) Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS),
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: niknorasma[at]upm.edu.my

Abstract
Remote sensing is a tool to gather the information about an object or any phenomenon without direct contact or damaging the objects. This technology had numerous application and one of it is in agriculture. Unlike tradition agriculture practiced that difficult to execute and required a large number of man power, implementing this technology will increase the production yield of the crops and improved the agriculture sector in managing and controlling. Remote sensing were able to forecast the crop production, identified the crop type, assess the crop damage and monitoring its progress. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to monitor the early stage of growth of rice crop planted by the farmers in the paddy field using remote sensing. To do so, popular empirical vegetation index known as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) generated from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was selected to monitor the changes of rice crop starting from the day it been planted until eleventh day of planted. Early stage of monitoring the crop growth using NDVI is a best approach to practice. Any damages that occur during this stage will affect the yield production and economy. Result from image analysis shown that NDVI were able to observe the rice crop growth and able to locate the damage part in the paddy plot. Fast action can be made by the farmers to counter attack the damage and treat the problematic points.

Keywords
Remote sensing; precision agriculture; NDVI; vegetation index; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CMV4L8bukmzN


Morphological Characteristics, Race Distribution, and Virulence Gene Analysis of Pyricularia oryzae Isolates (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) from Pinrang District
Tutik Kuswinanti1, Nur Azizah Salimah2, Moehammad Noer Yuzril Izha3, and Ahdin Gassa1

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Corresponding Author
Gilang Kurrata

Institutions
1Dept. of Plant Pest and Diseases, Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University of Makassar
2Student of Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University of Makassar
3Graduated Student of Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University of Makassar

Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) has caused significant losses of rice yields in many worlds rice-producing countries. The planting of resistant varieties was initially effective in suppressing blast disease, however, in many cases, as the time goes by, the resistance becomes ineffective due to the emergence of a new race. Study on the distribution of race and genetic diversity of P. oryzae isolates can be useful in the development of resistant varieties. The aim of this research was to determine the distribution of P. oryzae races and genetic variations of the isolates collected from Pinrang District. Race testing was based on the reaction of a set of an Indonesian differential varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed seven days after inoculation using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice (IRRI, 2013). The pathogens genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The banding patterns of DNA amplification product contained in each primer were scored with a value of 1 (there is a DNA band) and 0 (no DNA bands). A total of 22 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from five sub-districts in Pinrang belonged to 10 different races. Race 001 is the dominant race identified in 4 isolate source sites. Molecular analysis of the 10 isolates of P. oryzae with different races was found haplotype F-110 (8 isolates) and G-100 (2 isolates).

Keywords
Pyricularia oryzae, Genetic Diversity, Haplotype

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wykrX4qeC8bv


NANOPARTICLE OF FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (NANO-FPC) PROCESS TECHNOLOGY USING HOMOGENIZATION-ULTRASONICATION METHOD
Muhammad Asfar, Meta Mahendradatta, Abu Bakar Tawali, Amran Laga

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Corresponding Author
Muhammad Asfar

Institutions
Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Faculty of Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
Homogenization of the stator motor has the working principle of stirring, homogenizing, and grinding materials. Ultrasonication also has a working principle of breaking the particles with ultrasonic waves that have an acoustic cavitations effect, potentially developed into a method for producing nano-FPC. Therefore, the combination of both methods was developed to produce nanometer-scale FPC materials. The combined method of ultrasonication (5, 10, 15) min and various long-acting homogenization (5, 10, 15) minutes with homogenization speed (6,500, 9,500, 13,500, 17,500, 21,500) rpm using ultra turax T 25 basic. The results showed that with 5-minute ultrasonication able to break down the size of FPC half of its original size. The best combination of homogenization-ultrasonication treatment is the homogenizing speed of 6500 rpm for 5-minutes, and ultrasonication for 5-minutes produces nano FPC. The best homogenization-ultrasonication method is capable of producing FPC with size <100 nm.

Keywords
Homogenization, ultrasonication, Nanotechnology, Nano FPC, Nano Scale

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GTMj7Rz4WAXh


Occurence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus on Potato in South Sulawesi
Baharuddin (a,c*), A. Pabborong (b), Tutik Kuswinanti (a,c), Untung Surapati (a), Mustika Tuwo (c,d)

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Corresponding Author
Baharuddin Baharuddin

Institutions
a) Departement of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245
*baharuddin[at]agri.unhas.ac.id
b) Indonesian Agriculture Quarantine, Makassar Branch Office, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245
c) Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245
d) Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245

Abstract
Bacterial ring rot caused by a gram-positive Coryneform bacterium C.m subsp. sepedonicus is an important disease in potato crops in the world. The disease is until now still belong to an A1 quarantine pathogen in Indonesia, although it was found in West Java since 2013. The objective of this study was to know the presence of bacterial ring rot in four potato district areas in South Sulawesi. Diseased samples were conducted from potato fields and storage warehouses in Enrekang, Gowa, Jeneponto and Bantaeng. Potato tuber samples were cutted and observed their vasiculer vessels and then isolated and grown the bacteria on NA and NBY media. Bacterial isolates were morphological and physiological characterized as well as patogenicity on eggplant and PCR test using specific primer for Cms 50F and Cms 50 R. The results showed that Cms has become widespread in four districs in South Sulawesi. The disease incidence of bacterial ringrot in these districs reached above 30 %. All of 14 isolates were obtained from the results of a standard methods for identification (EPPO, 2006) showed that the presence of DNA band size of 224 bp, which indicated positively belong to C.michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus.

Keywords
bacterial ring rot, PCR.

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GPyCEak2urhv


Ohmic Heating Characteristics and Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanin in Mulberry Juice
Gemala Hardinasinta (a), Salengke (b*), Mursalim (b), Junaedi Muhidong (b)

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Corresponding Author
Gemala Hardinasinta

Institutions
(a) Graduate school, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
(b) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
*salengke[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
Ohmic heating is considered as a novel technology for pasteurization. Ohmic heating rate is highly influenced by the electrical conductivity of the products. The heating rate and the stability of anthocyanin during ohmic heating need to be investigated in order to analyze the viability of ohmic heating for pasteurization of mulberry juice. Mulberry juice was heated using three different temperatures (80, 85 and 90 degree Celsius) during 90 minutes. Electrical conductivity of mulberry juice increased from 0.014 S/m at the initial of heating (32 degree Celsius) to 0.033 S/m at 90 degree Celsius and the average heating rate was 0.568 degree C/s. The heating rate and electrical conductivity increased linearly with the increased in temperature. Degradation kinetic of anthocyanin followed the first order kinetic models with coefficient of determination value over 0.9. The k value of anthocyanin degradation increases along with the increasing of temperature ranging from 0.008/min to 0.015/min. Anthocyanin shows relatively high temperature dependence with 135.83 kJ/mol energy activation value. Based on the heating rates obtained from this study, ohmic heating could be used as an alternative pasteurization method for mulberry juice.

Keywords
Ohmic heating; mulberry juice; electrical conductivity; vitamin C; anthocyanin; degradation kinetics

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GUEnfxPtMaqj


Operational Performance of Agricultural Machineries Managed by Custom Hiring (UPJA) in Banyumas District of Central Java Province
Bambang Purwantana, Murtiningrum, Sri Markumningsih, Muhammad Makky, Aswaldi Anwar

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Corresponding Author
Bambang Purwantana

Institutions
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Operational Performance of Agricultural Machineries Managed by Custom Hiring (UPJA) in Banyumas District of Central Java Province Bambang Purwantana1, Murtiningrum1, Sri Markumningsih1, Muhammad Makky2, Aswaldi Anwar2 1Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Unand Limau Manih, Padang 25163, Indonesia E-mail: bambang_pw@ugm.ac.id ; tiningm@ugm.ac.id; sri_markumningsih@ugm.ac.id Abstract. Agricultural mechanization, especially in term of utilization of agricultural machinery, has important role in increasing capacity, efficiency, and effectiveness of agricultural production process. Therefore, in order to mechanize Indonesian agricultural system, Ministry of Agriculture has facilitated farmers with many agricultural machineries. Farmer institutions that were formed and designated to utilize and manage those agricultural machineries is Agricultural Machinery Custom Hiring (UPJA, Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alat mesin pertanian). In this research, the operational performance of agricultural machineries managed by the custom hiring (UPJA) in Banyumas District of Central Java Province were studied. The research was done by desk study, focus group discussion, field survey to 7 of 49 UPJA, and measuring the operational performance of machineries utilized by those UPJA. The results showed there was still no professional UPJA available in Banyumas. All of UPJA were in beginner status. The common owned and operated agricultural machinery was hand tractor, while four wheel tractor, rice transplanter, power weeder, and rice combine harvester were limited. In general the operational performance of the machines were low. The most factor affected the performance were time required for transportation from garage to the field. In case of hand tractor, the time consumed for transportation was 8-14% of total working hour per day (8 hours). For four wheel tractor, rice transplanter, and rice combine harvester, the time required for transportation were 4-9%, 8-16%, and 9-18% of total working hour respectively. The other factors slightly affected the operational performance were time losses due to machine preparation or setting and machine trouble. It is suggested to facilitate towing truck to transport the machines, or develop garage not far from field area. Empowering UPJA in management and technical skills are also needed. Keywords: Performance; operational; machinery; custom hiring

Keywords
Performance; operational; machinery; custom hiring

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vD9JbaRk7qyM


OPTIMALISATION OF UPJA INCOME USING PROGRAMMING LINEAR IN CENTRAL LAMPUNG
Sandi Asmara1, Winda Rahmawati2, Siti Suharyatun3, Sasongko Aji Wibowo4

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Corresponding Author
sandi asmara

Institutions
1,2,3 Lecturers of Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
4 Alumni of Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Abstract
GapoktanRejo Asri Lamteng is a Gapoktan which has an Alsintan Service Provider Business (UPJA) for Rice production. This UPJA has several tools and machines which are cultivated in rice production, including: tractors, hand tractors, transplanters, hand sprayers and power weeder as well as combine harvester. Tool management, especially in maximizing revenue gains from the management of tools and machines is a problem that is faced, because of the benefits. new break even stage between business income and expenditure. Constraints on the extent of claim for each tool, equipment rental time, tool working hours, number of operators, operational costs, and rejuvenation costs for each tool still cannot be harmonized, so that it has not been able to achieve maximum profit. Therefore the application of the Simplex Method from the Linear Programing program which aims to maximize the benefits of UPJA is the background of this research. The research method used is a quantitative method using Linear Programing analysis method using QM-For Windows V helper software. 5. The results showed that Linear Function for the Zmax objective function = 4.305.000X1 + 3.255.000X2 + 3.258.500X3 + 16,800,000X4, where X1, X2, X3, and X4 are Tractors, Tractor Hand, Transplanters, and Combine Harvester respectively. And the equation of the constraint function P1 (Land Area) = 60X1 + 120X2 + 56X3 + 120X4 <= 9408, P2 (Rental Time) = 240X1 + 240X2 + 240X3 + 240X4 <= 1448, P3 (Tool Hours) = 56X1 + 120X2 + 56X3 + 120X4 <= 1448, P4 (Number of Operators) = X1 + 2X2 + 3X3 + 4X4 <= 10, P5 (Operating Costs) = 290000X1 + 290000X2 + 835000X3 + 800000X4 <= 38545000, P6 (Equipment Rejuvenation Costs) = 123000X1 + 93000X2 + 199500X3 + 240000X4 <= 11836500. Conclusion, after optimization, solutions of solutions X1, X2, X3, and X4 are 4.71, 0, 0, and 1.32, the total overall profit obtained by the Gapoktan Rejo Asri from the UPJA is Rp. 42,494,670. , for one planting season (MT) and for the Cropping Index in Seputih Raman Subdistrict, 2 is made in one year is Rp. 84,989,340, assuming profitability is in accordance with the objective function and the same constraint function.

Keywords
Gapoktan, Rice Cultivation, UPJA, Linear Programing,

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BVt8zy97NYFr


OPTIMIZATION OF FATTY ACID SORBITOL ESTER SYNTHESIS ENZYMATICALLY BY USING PAPAYA LATEX LIPASE
Ratri Retno Utami, Andi Nur Amalia, Rosniati

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Corresponding Author
Andi Nur Amalia

Institutions
Center for Plantation Based Industry
Ministry of Industry

Abstract
Fatty Acid Sorbitol Ester (FASE) is sorbitol ester from fatty acid with esterification degree point ranges from one to six. FASE with esterification degree above three can be used as fat replacer and below three can be used as surfactant. The aim of this study are to determine optimum conditions which include temperature, time, and concentration of papaya latex lipase enzyme, sorbitol, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) in the synthesis of FASE as biosurfactant and to know the characteristics of FASE. This research consists of three phases, that are preparation of papaya resin and making of FAME, determination the optimum conditions (temperature, time, and enzyme concentration) of FASE synthesis by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The last phase is characterization of FASE. FASE synthesizes conducted by sorbitol esterification with palmitat-stearat FAME by using papaya lipase as catalyst. The result shows that the optimum condition of FASE synthesis at 41,02C, 52,35 minutes, with papaya lipase concentration of 10,30 percent and sorbitol conversion into FASE 31,43 percent. Biosurfactant FASE has melting point 27-30C, smoke point 140C, refraction index 1.44, and HLB value 7.5. 1percent FASE can hold emulsion of water in oil for 92 minutes.

Keywords
sorbitol, fatty acid methyl ester, papaya lipase,esterification, response surface methodology

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xD4vch6m29nB


Optimization of Sulfuric Acid Concentration and Hydrolysis Time on Crystallinity of Nanocrystalline Cellulose : A Response Surface Methodology Study
Dewi Sartika12, Khaswar Syamsu1*, Endang Warsiki1, Farah Fahma1

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Corresponding Author
Dewi Sartika

Institutions
1Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.
2Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Makassar 90221, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

*khaswars[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Abstract. Kapok is a source of natural fiber in addition to cotton, which availability is abundant and contain high cellulose but not been utilized optimally. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis time in the production process of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fiber. The research was conducted in several stages, namely the delignification with alkali hydrothermal, bleaching with alkaline hydrogen peroxide agents, isolation with sulfuric acid solutions, and NCC characterization. The optimization used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD), which consisted of two factors, namely H2SO4 concentration and hydrolysis time. The optimized parameter was the crystallinity degree of the NCC. NCC characterization included functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), surface profiles and dimensions by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the optimum condition of NCC isolation from kapok fiber was obtained at 54.46% (b/b) H2SO4 with hydrolysis time of 48.96 minutes, resulting in a maximum degree of crystallinity of 71.8%. The hydrolysis process with H2SO4 caused a change in the NCC functional group. NCC had a diameter of about 11.2 nm and high thermal stability that potential for various composite materials

Keywords
acid hydrolysis, kapok fibre, nanocellulose, Response Surface Methodology

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WzKepHbTwyYX


Optimization of Waste Combinations During The Decomposition of Domestic Organic Waste using the Response Surface Methodology
Harry Kasuma Aliwarga (a*), Lilik Sutiarso(a), Jaka Widada (b), Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho (a)

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Corresponding Author
Hary Kusuma Aliwarga

Institutions
a) Departement of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
b) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Accumulation of domestic organic waste needs to be processed because it can cause negative effects on the environment. Domestic organic waste can be decomposed into high value products of secondary metabolite by using bacteria like biopesticide. Composition of domestic organic waste as a substrate can affect the decomposition of that waste. This research aims to investigate the optimum composition of domestic waste and additional materials in treating domestic organic waste by using Streptomyces sp GMR-22. Composition of the waste and additional materials was determined by proximate nutrition factors of the ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents and optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The temperature and moisture was set to 37^{o}C and 60% respectively. The response was demonstrated by the number of Streptomyces sp GMR-22 on the eight day of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process. The results show that the highest cell number of Streptomyces sp GMR-22 on eight days was resulted from the combination of 5.25 g ash, 5.5 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and 41 g carbohydrate on resulting 2,8 x 10^{9} cells/gram of substrate. The RSM results indicated that carbohydrate and protein contents were the main factors on the growth of Streptomyces sp. GMR-22. On the other hand, ash had a low significance and fat had no significant effect. In the processing of domestic organic waste through SSF which was based on the proximate value, the RSM results can be used to determine nutrition priorities that must be met.

Keywords
Domestic organic waste; Response surface methodology; Biopesticide, Solid-state fermentation

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YkNjfX8AwmUM


Optimization of Wet Separation using Hydrocyclone and Claybath for Separation of Oil Palm Kernel and Shell Mixture
Rengga Arnalis Renjani, Hermantoro, Agung Ismoyo Adhi, Rizki Putra Novanto, and Nuraeni Dwi Dharmawati

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Corresponding Author
Rengga Arnalis Renjani

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
Stiper Agricultural University (INSTIPER)
Nangka 2 street, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282 Indonesia
Corresponding author: rengga_tepins[at]instiperjogja.ac.id

Abstract
Separation of shells and kernels in palm oil mill are divided into two separation processes, there are dry and wet separation processes. Dry separation process uses Light Transport Dry Separator (LTDS) using the pneumatic principle of fan suction. The wet separation process uses Claybath and Hydrocyclone. Separation using Claybath is based on the principle of density using a calcium carbonate solution medium. Separation with Hydocyclone uses the principle of centrifugal force with the help of a pump using water fluid media. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the separation between hydrocyclone and claybath based on dirt content and kernel loss, to determine the level of efficiency of use between hydrocyclone and claybath based on the use of CaCO3 and the cost of power used and evaluate the performance of combined use of hydrocyclone and claybath. The results showed that use of claybath in the wet separation process at the palm oil mill nut and kernel station was more effective than hydrocyclone and a combination of both (claybath + hydocylcone), with the percentage of impurities in claybath of 5.47%; kernel loss of 1.24% and use of CaCO3 3.99 kg / ton FFB. The used of claybath in the wet separation process at the palm oil mill nut and kernel station was more effective than hydrocyclone and a combination of both, with a percentage of impurities of 5.47%; kernel loss of 1.24% and used of CaCO3 3.99 kg / ton FFB. The used of claybath was more appropriate compared to the used of a combination of hydrocyclone and claybath in the wet separation process at the nut and kernel stations in palm oil mill.

Keywords
Claybath, hydrocyclone, kernel, shell, wet separation

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BhMmDtAGeaF2


Optimization Study of Utility Tractor Design Powered by Electric Battery
Joel Sitompul (a*), Ryozo Noguchi (b), Tofael Ahamed (b)

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Corresponding Author
Joel Sitompul

Institutions
(a) College of Agro-Biological Resource Sciences
School of Life and Environmental Sciences
University of Tsukuba
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
*s1518510[at]u.tsukuba.ac.jp
(b) Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
University of Tsukuba
1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan

Abstract
Powertrain by electric battery has been a growing trend in various industries including automotive, manufacture, and agriculture. Electric battery has been applied on several agricultural robots for multiple purposes such as liquid distribution, autonomous harvest, and sensors. In agricultural utility tractor, powertrain by electric battery has potential to replace powertrain by Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) which commonly use fossil fuel as source of energy. However, application of electric battery power system has not been feasible due to overweight which lead soil compaction, lower speed, and high energy consumption. Overweight values are calculated on 5 utility tractors with different size and output power, in which the results vary from 33.53% to 93.46%. This study aims to optimize the design of utility tractors which will reduce the weight to standard operational weight dependent on tractor size. Alternative components are considered including Li4.4Si battery, Li2Sn battery and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for component selection, system design, and simulation on MATLAB Simulink Simscape. Throughout the process, effect of overweight on tractor speed and state of charge (SOC) are identified. Further, electric battery power system is expected to be applied on utility tractors, replacing the use of ICE and fossil fuel within conventional tractor.

Keywords
Utility tractor; Electric Battery; Internal Combustion Engine; State of Charge

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hFAnd6MVPXxZ


Optimizing Pre-Cooking Treatment Condition for Reducing Lead (Pb) Content in Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.)
RN Afiah (1), W Supartono (1*) and E Suwondo (1)

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Corresponding Author
Rahmania Nur Afiah

Institutions
1 Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: wstono[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Seaweeds are increasingly used in Indonesian cuisines due to their nutritional value and health benefits. In contrast to these benefits, they accumulate lead during their growth and exhibit potential health risks upon ingestion. To overcome these risks, some appropriate pre-cooking treatments are desired to reduce lead content. Sample of Gracilaria sp. will be treated by soaking before cooking. This study applied the Taguchi method to determine optimum pre-cooking treatment conditions to reduce the level of lead in Gracilaria sp. The control factors included soaking temperature, time reaction, potential of hydrogen and water volume are used for this research. The levels of lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). After these prosesses, lead contents were found to be successfully reduced and the results show that the optimal conditions during the soaking process can reduce the levels of lead of Gracilaria sp. in quite high percentages.

Keywords
Reducing Lead, Gracilaria sp., Pre-cooking Treatment

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QrB8TRvpP4dH


Optimum Condition of Agitation in Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Intact Sorghum
Devi Yuni Susanti a,b*), Wahyudi Budi Sediawan b), Mohammad Fahrurrozi b) , Muslikhin Hidayat b)

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Corresponding Author
Devi Yuni Susanti

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
b) Department of Agricultural Engineering & Biosystems, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Production of antioxidant material by collecting phenolic compounds which contain of proanthocyanidins from red sorghum seeds has been designed using an agitation process. The perfomance of the process is influenced by the mass transfer of the functional compounds from the material to the bulk of solvent. Concentration value of the compound in the extract is the function of rotational speed and extraction time. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimum value of rotational speed and extraction time to maximize the extraction performance of antioxidant compounds from whole sorghum seeds. Optimization was performed from the extraction using distilled water as solvent in 60oC of temperature; 10 of sorghum-solvent ratio; 300, 400 and 500 rpm of rotational speed values and 90, 120, 150 minutes of extractions time and The optimum condition of extraction was determined using three level factorial design of Reponse Surface Methodology based on experimental data of the concentration value of proantocyanidin and phenolic compounds in the extract solution. The concentration of phenolic compounds in extract was maximum at 384.85 of rotations per minute (rpm) and 106,36 of extraction time, while the concentration of proanthocyanidin in the extract solution reached a maximum value in 417.17 of rpm and 143.94 minutes of extraction. The result by the equation from this optimization obtained 91.36% of R2 value for the phenolic concentration and 92.61% of R2 value for the proanthocyanidin concentration in extract.

Keywords
Optimum, Agitation, Extraction, Phenolic Compound, Sorghum

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wErbRhvHNxzJ


Organic Fertilizer Applicator Performance Test On Rice Field
Iqbal, Mahmud Achmad, and Muhammad Tahir Sapsal

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Corresponding Author
Iqbal Iqbal

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Intensive use of paddy fields will cause a decrease in the fertility of the land. On the other hand, the continuous use of chemical fertilizers will result in environmental pollution even though fertilization is one of the important things to increase production. Organic fertilizer applicator technology is able to fertilize quickly and precisely. The use of organic fertilizers as soil conditioner can increase soil organic matter content so as to maintain and increase the fertility of agricultural land. Fertilization using technology in the form of an organic fertilizer applicator is expected to maximize plant growth so that it can increase rice production. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of the application of organic fertilizer on rice fields. This applicator uses a conveyor belt as metering device, so that the power for the operation of the applicator comes from the wheel rotation and chain transmission. The results show that the applicator can function well. The factors that influence the magnitude of efficiency include the speed and proficiency of the operator.

Keywords
rice field; applicator; organic fertilizer; efficiency

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HVzn6maZ83Cy


Performance Test of a Diesel Engine with Biodiesel from Kemiri Sunan
M. Muhaemin, A.M. Kramadibrata, S. Nurjannah, I. Makarim, T. Herwanto, Handarto

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Corresponding Author
Mimin Muhaemin

Institutions
Universitas Padjadjaran, Kampus Jatinangor, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.

Abstract
Abstract. With decreasing fossil oil reserve, alternative plant-based fuel become more important. One of the source of such fuel is kemiri sunan (rutealis trisperma). Kemiri sunan has an advantage that it is not competing for food use. Biodiesel from kemiri sunan needs to be tested on diesel engine. The objective of this research was to test the performance of a diesel engine with a mixture of biodiesel from kemiri sunan and fossil-based diesel fuel. This study was conducted in an experimental-decriptive manner by using several level of mixture of biodiesel from 0% (B-0) to 70% (B-70) using dynamometer. Measured parameter were torsion, power, fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and flue gas emission. Experimental results showed that maximum torsion could be achieved with 20% of biodiesel (B-20). Moreover, maximum thermal efficiency was achieved with fuel of 10% biodiesel (B-10).

Keywords
biodiesel, Sunan candlenut, mixed ratio, diesel engine performance

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eX2HUYpPzxRt


Performances of the Multifunctional Farming Bulldozers in Indonesia
Budi Indra Setiawan (a*), Sam Herodian (b), Andi Amran Sulaiman (c), Chikaya Sakai (d), Meiyanto Siswandoyo (d), Nyoman Budijaya (d)

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Corresponding Author
Budi Indra Setiawan

Institutions
a) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
* budindra[at]ipb.ac.id
b) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
c) Ministry of Agriculture, the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.
d) PT. Komatsu Marketing and Support Indonesia. Jl. Raya Bekasi KM. 22 Cakung, Jakarta 13910-Indonesia

Abstract
Farming bulldozer (FB) is a heavy machine made by Komatsu specifically designed for multipurpose operations in very wide land types, from extremely dry to wet/swamplands. Basically, FB is a bulldozer but uses a wider crawler so that its Ground Pressure (GP) is about twice lower than the 4W Tractor. The FB being tested is D21PL-8 type having GP 0.19 kgf/cm2, Flywheel HP 32.4 kW 44 PS@2450 rpm, Operating Weight 4815 kg/cm2. Attached with associated implements, FB can do land clearing and leveling, land plowing and harrowing, soil puddling, subsoil draining, direct seeding, and harvesting. Tested fields are in the provinces of West Java (wet/dryland, South Sumatra (wetland), South Kalimantan (wetland), South Sulawesi (dry/wetland), West Papua (dry/wetland) and East Nusa Tenggara (dryland). In general, FB can do precise leveling in a range of 15mm in 0.15-ha tested paddy field. Worktime for plowing continued with puddling is 4.97 hours/ha and harrowing continued with puddling is 5.15 hours/ha while for hand tractor in both cases is more than 13 hours/ha. It means FB can reduce work time up to 60%. In term of yield, there is no significant difference with hand tractor which ranges from 6 t/ha to 7 t/ha. In conclusions, FB can do many tasks of land cultivations, cover a wider area of any land types, reduce labor numbers and cost and increase planting intensity. Further testing to find the optimal size of land, operation and maintenance costs and impacts on the economy, society and environment is still underway.

Keywords
Farming bulldozer; field performance; wet and drylands; paddy fields

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8WfEVtq6ezka


Physical Characteristics of Instanised Cocoa Drink Sweetened with Palm Sap sugar: A Preliminary Study
Eva Fadmah Dyaningrum(1), Rohadatul Aisy Lutfiyah(1), Dania Rima Diasti(1), Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi(1), Arifin Dwi Saputro(1*)

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Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Palm sap sugar is a natural sweetener made from sap collected from the flowers of several species of palm tree. This sugar is highly produce in South-East and South Asian regions, such as Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and India. Its use improves the taste, colour and aroma of drink and food products. This work investigated the impact of palm sap sugar and processing method on the solubility and appearance of instanised cocoa powder. In this study, five sucrose-palm sap sugar blends with different palm sap sugar proportion, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were used as a sweetener. The results showed that the solubility of cocoa drink increased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. With regard to the appearance, the brightness of the cocoa drink decreased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. This study revealed that the brightness of the cocoa drink decreased and the solubility increased as the number of agglomeration process repetition was increased.

Keywords
instanised chocolate drink, cocoa, beverage, steam jet agglomerator, palm sap sugar, solubility

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NWrdYepMkfzV


Physical Characteristics of Instanised Milk Cocoa Drink Sweetened with Sucrose Produced Using Continuous and Batch Type Steam Jet Agglomerator: A Preliminary Study
Dania Rima Diasti(1), Eva Fadmah Dyaningrum(1), Rohadatul Aisy Lutfiyah(1), Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi(1), Arifin Dwi Saputro(1*)

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Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Physical properties of instanised cocoa drink are not only determined by processing method, but also influenced by its ingredients. Thus, proportion of ingredients in cocoa drink should be also highly considered. This work investigated the impact of steam jet type and proportion of sucrose on the solubility and appearance of milk cocoa drink. In this study, two types of steam jet agglomerator, namely continuous and batch type and three levels of sucrose proportion, namely, 15%, 30%, 45% were used as variables. The results showed that the type of Steam jet agglomerator, sucrose proportion and their interaction influenced the parameters investigated. In general, the solubility of cocoa drink produced with batch type is slightly higher than the solubility of cocoa drink produced with continuous type steam jet agglomerator. With regard to the appearance, it can be observed that the brightness of the milk cocoa drink produced with batch type is slightly lower than that of the milk cocoa drink produced with continuous type.

Keywords
instanised chocolate drink, cocoa, beverage, continuous type steam jet agglomerator, batch type steam jet agglomerator, palm sap sugar, solubility

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M3fP4KCex62N


Physical Modeling of Non-crowned Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus var. Smooth Cayenne) During Storage in the Cooling Room
Resma Reswandha, Sri Rahayoe, Joko Nugroho

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Corresponding Author
Resma Reswandha -

Institutions
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
In Indonesia, pineapple is a fruit that has a high value of production and consumption. Nevertheless the handling of pineapple postharvest products is still not optimal, so that many exported pineapple products are damaged during distribution. Damage can be caused by internal factors from the fruit itself or external factors from the environment. This study aims to model the physical damage of Non-crowned Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Smooth Cayenne) during storage in a cooling room with 3 different temperature variations, namely 7C, 15C, and 25C. Then observed changes in the physical quality of the fruit during storage with certain data retrieval intervals. The changes in the quality of pineapple fruit were observed, namely fruit color, weight loss, pH, brix, texture and moisture content. Then analyzed and modeled using mathematical equations and statistical tests. Storage at 7C has a weight loss, pH value, color change, and physical damage that is lower than other temperatures. This indicates the temperature and homogeneity of pineapple greatly affects the quality of pineapple during storage

Keywords
Ananas comosus, pineapple, cold storage, storage, physical quality

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cENU7WVwQrz3


Phytoremediation Potential of Pistia stratiotes to Reduce High Concentration of Copper (Cu) in Acid Mine Drainage
Varentia Zahrah Novita (a*), Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik (b)

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Corresponding Author
Varentia Zahrah Novita

Institutions
a,b) Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
*varentiazahra[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) contains high concentration of various heavy metals and low pH levels, ranging between 2 and 4. The water samples used for this research are an artificial AMD, with varying concentration levels of copper (5 and 7 mg/l), and also an actual AMD. The pH level is designed to be 4, where the designed pH level illustrates the actual characteristics of an AMD. The data for this research (pH and copper levels) are taken for 14 days. This research shows that exposure of both the artificial AMD and actual AMD cause physiological effects to Pistia stratiotes, indicated by chlorosis of the plant starting from day 3 of the research. Furthermore, the result of this research illustrates that Pistia stratiotes is able to alter the artificial AMDs pH level from 4 to 7,3 in 14 days. This plant is also capable of reducing the copper content as much as 92,45% and 88,00% with initial concentrations of 5,3 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively in 14 days, with peak removal at day 3. It can be concluded that Pistia stratiotes is able to neutralize pH level and decrease copper contents in artificial AMD.

Keywords
Acid mine drainage; Copper removal; Phytoremediation; Pistia stratiotes

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TH8LjEdbMe9m


PLANT GROWTH MONITORING AND TREE INVENTORY OF BLACK PEPPER OF UPMKB FARM
Zanariah, Z. W. N. (a)*, Zul Lailee , K. S. (a), Rasyidah, M. A. (b)

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Corresponding Author
Wan Nor Zanariah Zainol Abdullah

Institutions
(a) Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Malaysia.
(b) Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Malaysia.

Abstract
The use of geospatial technology is increasing in various sector including agriculture and agronomy sectors. It is commonly use in monitoring of agricultural activity as well as it is become a good resource to increase the agricultural production. As black pepper is one of the important cash crops supporting the livelihood of about 67000 rural dwellers in upland areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. Thus, black pepper crop is selected as a main target in this study. This study is conducted to monitor black pepper growth through field measurement and vegetation indices, to develop pepper inventory as well as to provide proper mapping system of pepper farm. As a pilot study to observe the black pepper cultivation in Sarawak, pepper farm at UPM Bintulu Sarawak Campus is selected as a study area. Digital Pepper Farm is in line with the current initiative by Sarawak Government, Sarawak Digital Economy Strategy 2018 to 2022 and agriculture is one of its strategic actions, objectively to improve productivity and efficiency of the agricultural sector by adopting ICT and digital technologies. Mapping of black pepper plantation is important as it gives spatial information and usable way to manage the available sources such as water, fertilizer and herbicide. Mapping is one of the ways to represent geographical data in a usable way and a basic need to operate any variable rate application machine in precision agriculture. Crop mapping is one of the crucial method need to be done in order to create crop inventory. A map of tree locations could reveal growth patterns across the landscape. GPS field data (tree locations) as well as inventory data such as tree height, number of leafs on the tree, number of bud appeared of the individual young pepper trees; as well as other features at the farm will be collected. At the same time, multi-spectral and multi temporal optical image of Landsat 8 will be analyzed for the periodical crop growth performance. Images data were collected through the reflection of (red, green, blue and near infrared, NIR) wavelength. Data extraction analysis will be done through the vegetation index analysis (VIA). Both results from the field data collection and software analyzed are significant in the development of base map and inventory system for the Digital Sarawak pepper farming at UPM Bintulu Sarawak Campus (UPMKB). In addition, an inventory of black pepper tree locations provides invaluable information about the current condition of the farm, production status and potential economic value of the land. Pepper tree inventory is relevant for plantation managers to estimate stand, yield and production cost per unit area for decision making in replacing missing trees and replanting old stand.

Keywords
Black pepper, plant growth monitoring, mapping, inventory system.

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CgtmQMGjT24Y


Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity in apple: dependency on cultivar and fruit processing
a,b. Olly Sanny Hutabarat, b. Heidi Halbwirth

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Corresponding Author
Olly Sanny Hutabarat

Institutions
a. Hasanuddin University, b. Technology University of Vienna

Abstract
Apples are an important source of polyphenolic and most popular fruits worldwide. Due to their phenolic content, consuming apple in a diet tend to low risk and prevention some chronic diseases. The main enzyme are responsible for quality loss, which are affecting by phenolic degradation, are polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX). PPO and POX are correlated to the rate of browning with substrate content and enzyme activity. The objective of this research was to investigate the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX) activity in different apple cultivars. Apples Gravin Goldach, Bay 4152, Sonnen Glanz, Gala Mitslugla apples were obtained from an orchad of Hohere Bundeslehranstalt und das Bundesamt fur Wein und Obstbau in Klosterneuburg, Vienna, Austria, then Apple from each cultivar was cut and separated in two parts, peel with seed (red flesh) and peel without seed (white flesh) , then PPO and POX were determined. The results showed that tThe highest PPO activity is presented by red flesh of Bay 4152 cultivar, whereas the lowest detected in red flesh Gala Mitslugla. PPO activity on apple flesh of red Bay 4152, white Sonnen Glanz, red gravin Goldach and red Gala Mitslugla were 5.01E+04, 4.79+04, 3.17+04 and 1.91E+04 &

Keywords
Apple, flesh, PPO, POX

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fJghby8CVct6


Portable Water Bath to Support Nanofibrils Processing
Warji (a*), Nanik Purwanti(b), Sutrisno(b), Sri Yuliani(c)

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Corresponding Author
Warji Warji

Institutions
(a)Agricultural Engineering, Lampung University, Lampung, Indonesia
*warji1978[at]fp.unila.ac.id;warji1978[at]gamail.com
(b)Biosystem Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
(c)IndonesianCenter for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Indonesia, Cimanggu Agricultural Research Campus, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract
Nanofibrils are nano-sized fibrils made from protein isolates. To make the nanofibrils that protein isolate solution was heated in a water bath at 80 oC while stirring for more 16 h. This nanofibril formation process requires a water bath that can heat and stir protein isolates. So far there have been a lot of stirrers and water baths, but those that can heat and stir together simultaneously are very limited. Therefore it is necessary to design a water bath that can be paired with a stirrer so that it can heat and stir continuously. The portable water bath designed includes the chamber, heater, thermostat and control panel. This water bath works in a temperature range of 50oC -120oC. Water bath can be paired with heater.

Keywords
portable water bath, heater, stirer, nanofibrils, protein isolate

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CF74BHjWmcnb


Positioning of soil moisture sensors for actual conditions of crop water requirement in the controlled drip irrigation system
F A Rizqi, Murtiningrum, Ngadisih

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Corresponding Author
Fathi Alfinur Rizqi

Institutions
Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region 55281

Abstract
Controlled drip irrigation systems are one of the most efficient irrigation systems. The soil moisture sensor has a problem with positioning in the soil which causes errors in reading the actual moisture levels and failure to meet the actual crop water requirements. This research aims to determine the optimum position of the soil moisture sensor that represents the actual condition of the root crop water requirements. Knowledge of soil wetted arising from the infiltration of an efficient controlled irrigation system, determines the position of the sensor. The experiment used 26 soil moisture sensor and approached the ratio comparison between the observation of the volume wetting and the volume of the wetting sensor moisture in each segment with an interval of 6 minutes. Indicated the sensor at that location represented actual wetted these occurred in a controlled drip irrigation system. The results showed, the sensors of soil moisture numbers 16, 17 and 18 have the best R2 average value of 0.973, 0.953 and 0.931. These values showed that optimal position of the soil moisture sensor, which represents the actual condition of the crop water requirements. Thus, in the application of drip irrigation the position of the optimal soil moisture sensor is controlled at a depth of 10 cm at a radius of 5 cm from the emitter.

Keywords
Sensor Positioning, Soil Moisture Sensor, Controlled Drip Irrigation

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9ZpFqHMajvDG


Potency of image textural feature for granular size estimation
Radi1*, Muhammad Danu A. 1, Bambang Purwantana 1, Muhammad Rivai 2

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Corresponding Author
Radi Radi

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Particle size is one of the quality attributes of a number of food products. This quality attribute often determines the taste and flavour of such food product, for example, i.e. ground coffee powder or instant coffee product. For reasons of taste and flavour, a number of food producers determine the size for each ground coffee product, as well as for the granular size of their instant coffee. The particle size is generally determined through laboratory testing, such as the use of sieves, which of course, the process is time consuming. On the other hand, a continuous food processing requires a rapid measurement process for accessing each quality product, include the particle size. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid method for the particle size estimation of correspond food product. This study aims to examine image features that have potentially to estimate the particle size of granular. The research focused on the texture features extracted from the sample image. Samples of varying sizes particle are captured with a camera at a constant lighting level. A feature extraction program was developed to extract the texture features of the images. These features are then evaluated for their relationship to the granular size. The results show that a number of texture features have a strong relationship to the sample granular size and have a high chance of being used as estimating particle size.

Keywords
estimation, particle size, granular, textural feature, image processing

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZpnXr4qmDFW9


Predicting the impact of land-use change on soil erosion rate in Ussu sub-catchment area and sedimentation yield in Malili River
Mahmud Achmad, S. Samsuar, Husnul Mubarak

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Corresponding Author
Mahmud Achmad

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aims to predict the impact of land use change in Ussu sub-catchment area during the last 10 years on the rate of soil erosion and sedimentation yield in Malili River. The Modified USLE method is used to predict soil erosion rates in 2009 and 2015 by using DEM data, Landsat 8 Image, station rainfall data, and land use. Sediment yield is determined using flow rates calculated using the spline cubic interpolation method, the SDR of the water sample is verified by the equations developed by SCS, Vanoni, Boyce and Auswald based on the suitability of the measured surrounding sub-watershed. The results show that soil erosion rates have increased in the period of 6 years. Erosion rate increased from 58,693 tons in 2009 to 155,136 tons in 2015. SDR value was obtained at 0.1894, so the potential sedimentation in the Malili River was predicted to a maximum of 1.57 cm in 2009 and 4.15 cm in 2015. Contributions of soil erosion to sedimentation has occurred as the impact of the increased deforested land around 654.8 ha.

Keywords
land-use, Malili River, soil erosion, sedimentation, USLE

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4hugjZkpWHKa


Premix Flour for Preparation of Empek-Empek Based on Surimi Technology
Abu Bakar Tawali (a), Saskiyanto Manggabarani (b), Andi Rahmayanti Ramli (a*), Saifuddin Sirajuddin (c), Sutinah Made (d), Meta Mahendradatta (a)

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Corresponding Author
Abu Bakar Tawali

Institutions
a) Department of Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
*andi.rahmayanti28[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Nutrition, Health Institute of Helvetia, Indonesia
c) Department of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
d) Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Abstract
Empek-empek is one of signatured food from Indonesia which made from fish paste, tapioca starch, and other additional ingredients. The objective of this present work was to develop premix flour for making empek-empek using mackerel surimi and to evaluate their chemical characteristic and sensory attributes of the product. The mackerel fish was made into surimi, powdered, then mixed with tapioca starch and other additional ingredients. The following aspect were characterized including moisture, fat, protein, ash, carbohydrate content, and sensory acceptability of the premix product. The results showed that mackerel surimi flour at level of 66,67% is the recommended formula. The empek-empek which made from this premix flour presented hedonic score like moderately for all sensory attributes. In conclusion, our premix can be used for preparing empek-empek with less complicated process and the product did not have any negative results on sensory acceptability.

Keywords
Empek-empek; Premix flour; Mackerel; Surimi

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V674pJNzDnXh


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