Preparation of unsaponifiable fraction from crude palm oil: a short review
Nissa Clara Firsta (a*), Rizky Dyah Mentari (a), Elivi Sofi Salafiah (a), Teti Estiasih (a)
a) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*nissaclarafirsta[at]gmail.com
Abstract
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is one of vegetable oil obtained by extracting palm fruit mesocarp and has a red color because of the high content of beta carotene. Other bioactive ingredients in CPO include Vitamin E, squalene, and phytosterol found in the unsaponifiable fraction. To obtain multi-component bioactive, a saponification and extraction process is needed. Saponification generally uses strong bases, there are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The use of sodium hydroxide as a base catalyst can produce vitamin E and phytosterol which is higher than potassium hydroxide. The use of potassium hydroxide as a base catalyst is able to produce higher yields, beta carotene, and squalene compared to sodium hydroxide.
Keywords: CPO, Saponification, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Multi-Component Bioactive Compounds
Topic: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY