Development and Characterization of Activated Carbons Derived from Lignocellulosic Material
D N K Putra Negara (a*), T G Tirta Nindhia (a), Lusiana (b), I M Astika (a), C I P K Kencanawati (a)
(a) Mechanical Engineering Department of Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
(b) PPPTMGB “Lemigas”, Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav. 109, Jakarta Selatan, 12230
*E-mail: devputranegara[at]gmail.com
Abstract
Activated carbon is a multipurpose material due to its unique characteristics such as high surface area and pore volume. This paper concerns to develop and characterize of activated carbon from lignocellulosic material, particularly from swat bamboo (Gigantocholoa verticillata). Activated carbons were manufactured under different carbonization temperatures (550, 650, and 750OC) and activation durations (1.5 and 2 hours). Characterizations conducted include proximate and proximate analyses and nitrogen adsorption isotherm test in order to know the proximate and elemental composition and the structural characteristics (pore volume, surface area, pore diameter, and pore size distribution), respectively. The results show that activated carbon that activated at a temperature of 750 OC over 1.5 hours obtain the optimal characteristics. This activated carbon had highest surface area (SBET), pore volume (Vp) and nitrogen adsorption capacity of 135.30 m2/g, 0.138 cm3/g, and 95.776 cm3/g, respectively, with an average pore diameter of 2.053 nm and fix carbon and C contents of (75.26%) and C (76.79%) respectively. Its pore size distribution is monomodal and most of the adsorption occurred at pore size in the range of 0.795–10.486 nm and the highest adsorption (0.056 cm3/g/nm) occurred at a pore size of 1.516 nm.
Keywords: Lignocellulosic material, activated carbon, adsorption isotherm, pore size
Topic: Materials Science