Nicotine Prevent Weight Gain and Increase SOD Activity in Surgically Menopausal Rat
Andrew Jonatan1,b), Panji Sananta2,3, Shelby Amrus Ernanda1,a), Ayu Novita Kartikaningtyas4, Yanti Marito Parhusip5, Ni Putu Frida Baskarani4, Nadya Rasty Andhira4, Elli Maulidya4, Yesi Amelia4, Muhammad Vico4, Nur Hudayana4, Muthi-ah Adira Juwono4, Iis Novianti Rosyida4, Ramendra Dirgantara Putra5, Azmi Aziz4, Sri Winarsih5, Eviana Norahmawati6
1 Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
2Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
3Doctoral Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
4Medical Doctor Study Progam, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
5Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
6 Pathology Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
In the beginning of the menopause transition, most women experienced an increase in body weight and fat along with a decrease in lean body mass. Weight gain during menopause is related to declined circulating levels of estrogen. Obesity during menopause is related to many diseases, including cardiovascular accident. α7 nAChR is one of the receptors that can be activated by nicotine. Activation of α7nAChR can improve energy homeostasis. Administration of nicotine also can suppress appetite and body weight. Nicotine also has been reported to have antioxidant properties as well. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the effectiveness of nicotine in preventing weight gain and increasing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in ovariectomized Wistar rats. We did in vivo true experimental and randomized post-test only controlled group research in 18-20 weeks old Rattus norvegicus. We examine body weight and SOD activity in aorta abdominals as a marker of antioxidant activity. The first group was normal rats (Sham). The second to fifth group underwent bilateral ovariectomy. The second group represents the ovariectomy group (ovariectomy-only/OVX). The third to fifth group was dose 1 (P1 - .0.25 mg/kg), dose 2 (P2 - 0,5 mg/kg), and Dose 3 (P3 - 0,75 mg/kg) treatment group. Group P1-P3 was given daily per-oral nicotine for 28 days, started 3 weeks after ovariectomy. During day 29 after treatment, the organs were harvested. After treatment with nicotine was given, all the nicotine-treated group has lower body weight and weight gain compared to Ovx group. During the last measurement, statistically significant lower body weight was found in group P2 and P3 compared to Ovx group. P3 group was significantly higher SOD activity compared to the OVX group. Finally, we conclude that nicotine administration can prevent weight gain and it has antioxidant manner.
Keywords: Body Weight, Menopause, Nicotine, Obesity, Superoxide Dismutase
Topic: Biochemistry