Biological Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Systemic Inflammation
Hasta Handayani Idrus,*,Mochammad Hatta, Veny Hadju, Suryani As-ad, Rasfayanah, Ami Febriza Achmad, Vivien Novarina Kasim
Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this article review is to investigate the biological effects of TNF-α in systemic inflammation at moderate levels. TNF-α is a product of macrophages, one of the bodys defense systems that is active in the presence of a bacterial infection. Background. TNF-α plays a role in host defense for bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. TNF-α is produced by macrophages and is activated by T cell lymphocytes, antigens, NK cells, and mast cells. TNF-α is usually not detected in healthy individuals but is often found in conditions of inflammation and infection in the serum. TNF-α works against leukocytes and endothelium, induces acute inflammation at low levels because TNF-α is a strong pyrogen. TNF-α plays a role in systemic inflammation at moderate levels. TNF-α causes pathological abnormalities in high levels of septic shock, because TNF-α is cytotoxic. Riview Results. In the review of this article we get results about the biological effects of TNF-α on systemic inflammation at moderate levels and their role in the humoral and sesluler immune systems. Conclusion TNF-α has a biological effect on systemic inflammation at moderate levels and has a strong role in the humoral and cellular immune systems.
Keywords: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Humoral and Cellular Immunism, Systemic Inflammation
Topic: Communicable disease related to women