Fabrication of the Anodized Films by Two-Step Anodization at Low Current Density in H3PO4/C2H5OH/NH4F Electrolyte
Phanawan Whangdee a, b*, Wittawat Saenrang c, Dujreutai Pongkao Kashima d, e
(a) Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
(b) Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
(c) School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
(d) Research Unit of Advanced Ceramics, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
(e) Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Abstract
The anodized films were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of Ti-6Al-4V in an H3PO4/ C2H5OH/NH4F electrolyte. The surface morphology was determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The surface roughness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the chemical species were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the hydrophilicity was measured by the contact angle measurement. The results show that the surface morphology, surface roughness chemical species and hydrophilicity of the anodized films change during anodizing process. The two-step anodization using 0.2 mA/cm2 in 1M H3PO4 + 80 % V/V C2H5OH + 1 wt % NH4F could enhance hydrophilicity to the anodized films. The findings indicate that the hydrophilicity was enhanced due to the increased roughness and OH group on the surface of the anodized films.
Keywords: Hydrophilicity, Fluoride, Low current density, Two-step anodization
Topic: Biomaterials and applications