IODINE STATUS, THYROID FUNCTION, FERRITIN STATUS, AND HEAVY METAL DISTRIBUTION IN PERIPHERAL ENDEMIC AREA OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER IN PONOROGO DISTRICT, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA
Muhamad Arif Musoddaq, Sri Supadmi, Ina Kusrini
Magelang Center of Health Research and Development, NIHRD, MOH-RI
Abstract
Introduction. The previous investigation was reported in an area with mental retardation due to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Ponorogo. Lack of environment iodine and water contamination of heavy metal need to describe related to IDD in Ponorogo. This contamination caused the risk of inhibition of nutrient intake in exposed plants. Objective. The aim of study was to investigate iodine deficiency disorders, blocking agent, ferritin status and goitrogenic consumption in a peripheral endemic area of IDD area in Ponorogo. Method. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Dayakan and Watubonang Village. Ponorogo. Household that had childbearing women age (CBW), school-aged children 9-11 years old (SAC) and children under five (CUF) were selected as sample. The number of samples in both areas was 118 CBW; 124 SAC, and 123 CUF. About 29 soil and 87 water samples were taken to measure iodine and heavy metal such as: mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentration. Iodine status was determined by median urinary iodine concentration of casual urine sample that measured via spectrofotometry method. Thyroid function diagnosis was carried out through various of test: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and free-Tetraiodothyronine (fT4) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ferritin contents were measured by the ELISA method. Goitrogenic consumption through semi-quantitative food frequency interviews. Results. Median Urinary Iodine Concentraion (UIC) of CBW and SAC were 105 and 121.5ug/L, respectively. Overall mean of iodine concentration in soil and water were 36.74mg/Kg and 13.6ug/L respectively, Dayakan 25.68mg/Kg and 0.6ug/L, Watubonang 54.83mg and 19.5ug/L. Overall, mean of Hg soil was 96.46mg/kg; Dayakan was 86.32mg/Kg; Watubonang 113.06mg/Kg, and < 1ppb in water both areas. Mean of Pb in soil was 5.81mg/Kg. Dayakan was 4.35mg/Kg; Watubonang 8.19mg/Kg, while not detected in water in both area. Hypothyroid in CBW, SAC and CUF in Dayakan 38.1%; 27.9%; 17.9% and Watubonang 7.3%; 14.3%;17.9%, respectively. Overall goitrogenic consumption in respondent who have hypotiroidism at cassava in 1-3 times/day : 31,5%. Cabbage in 1-3 times / week : 34,8%, green cabbage 1-3 times : 41.2%. Cassava leaves in 1-3 times / week :1,5%. White mustard 1-3 times / week : 27,0%. That respondents with ferritin deficiency were 25.8% in Dayakan Village, and 19.8% in Watubonang Village. The proportion of people with ferritin deficinecy in Dayakan Village was 1.4 times than in Watubonang Village. Conclusion. Overall, thyroid function disorder was found in both areas despite iodine status of population showed in normal value. Dayakan was lower iodine environment status than Watubonang. Heavy metal concentration was obtained in Watubonang higher than Dayakan. The IDD and anemia control program should be undertaken to prevent future public health problem in both areas. Keyword: ferritin, goitrogenic, heavy metal, IDD, iodine, thyroidism
Keywords: : ferritin, goitrogenic, heavy metal, IDD, iodine, thyroidism
Topic: Environment