Study of the Effects of Voltage, Deposition Time and Withdrawal Speed on Stainless Steel 316L Coating with Crab Shell Hydroxyapatite Using Electrophoretic Deposition
Muhammad Khairurrijal*, Martinus Kriswanto, Dave Wajong Leonard Junior, Tofan Maliki Kadarismanto, and Yusril Yusuf
Deparment of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*m.khairurrijal[at]mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) made from crab shells on SS 316L was successfully coated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Variations used in the EPD process are electrical voltage (20 volts and 50 volts), deposition time (10 and 5 minutes), and speed of withdrawal (0.1 mm/s; 0.5 mm/s; 1 mm/s). These three combinations of variations are not yet used in this coating method before. The layer characteristics using SEM and XRD showed differences in shape of the morphology of the layers and the crystal structure for each variation of the experiment. At higher electrical voltages the morphology of the layer gets better with less agglomeration and the thickness of the layer increased. At high voltages, the shorter deposition time increased the quality of the crystal structure but reduced the thickness of the layer. Retraction speed affects the bond strength between layers and substrate. The higher the withdrawal speed, the stronger the kinetic energy that interferes with the binding layer. The best results in this study were obtained at 50 volts, with a withdrawal speed of 0.1 mm/s in 5 minutes. This result can be seen by the fairly evenly distributed HAp layer covering the substrate, sufficient layer density and high crystalline size and purity of the HAp layer.
Keywords: crab shells, EPD, HAp, bone implants, SS 316L
Topic: Biomaterials and applications