Production of bio-succinic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches using immobilized bacteria through Semi Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
Ningsi Lick Sangadji (a*). Dwini Normayulisa Putri (a). Heri Hermansyah (a)
a) Chemical Engineering Department, Faculity of Engineering, University of Indonesia
Jalan Kampus UI, Kukusan, Beji, Depok, Jawa Barat 16424
*ningsilick[at]gmail.com
Abstract
The fermentation of succinic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using immobilized bacteria from cow rumen were investigated. EFB is one of raw material that can be used for succinic acid production due to its cellulose content, low prices, and availability. Succinic acid can be produced effectively by several methods, one of them is fermentation which considered more environmentally friendly due to CO2 consumed during the process, thereby potentially contributing to reduction of CO2 emission. Bacteria used in this experiment were isolated from cow rumen which must be immobilized before getting into succinic acid production process. Fermentation is done by Semi Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSSF) technique. Saccharification was carried out using cellulase enzyme for 2 – 6 hours before fermentation occurs. Yeast extract as nitrogen sources and MgCO3 as pH regulating agent were varied and compared in terms of product concentration, yield, and productivity. Fermentation was carried out for 48 hours in shaker water bath and the temperature maintained at 37oC. Fermentation product was then examined using HPLC to find out the succinic acid content. The optimum fermentation conditions for succinic acid production were found to be: saccharification time – 6 hours, initial nitrogen sources concentration – 20 g/L, initial pH regulating agent concentration – 20 g/L. At these optimized condition, the maximum production of succinic acid was found to be 1.43 g/L with 12.03 g/g yield of succinic acid to initial glucose concentration and 0.0297 g/L.h productivity.
Keywords: Succinic acid; Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches; Immobilized Bacteria; Semi Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentaion
Topic: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY