Effect of Extraction Method and Solvent Ratio on Bioactive Compounds of Dayak Bulb Extract (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr)
Dego Yusa Ali, Harijono, Sudarma Dita Wijayanti, Vivien Fathuroya, Haniful Fakhrur Razi
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Dayak bulb (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) as known as Ghost Onion found in Central Kalimantan. This plant usually used as a medicinal plant. Dayak bulbs have bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, triterpenoids, and quinines. These compounds are useful as antioxidant obtained by extraction. The effectiveness of extraction influenced by the natural composition of dried bulbs, process temperature, air pressure in the process, type of solvent, and extraction method used. Common method used for extractions are maceration, reflux, and soxhlet. Ethanol 96 % and n-hexane were used for extraction. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction methods and combinations of solvents types used. This method for this research using Randomized Block Design Factorial (RBDF), where the first factor is the extraction method consisting of 3 levels (maceration, reflux, and soxhlet) and second factor is the ratio of solvent type which consisted of 3 levels (ethanol and hexane with ratio 70:30, ethanol and hexane with ratio 60:40, and ethanol and hexane with ratio 50:50). Dayak onion extract analysis consist of moisture content, yield, total phenols, total flavonoids, and IC50 antioxidant activity. The observed data were analyze using analysis of variance or ANOVA followed by Duncan test with 99% confidence level. The best treatment was determined using De Garmo method. The results showed that extraction method and ratio of solvent had a very significant effect (α=0,01) to the yield, moisture content, total phenols, total flavonoids, and IC50 antioxidant activity. The best result was extraction by maceration at the ratio 70:30 (ethanol:hexane). It produced 3.76% dry extract yield with 14.01 % moisture content, 8.62 mgGAE/g phenolic content, 28.20 mgQE/g flavonoid contents, and IC50 of the extract was 17.33 ppm.
Keywords: Extraction, Eleutherine palmifolia, Bioactive, Antioxidant, Dayak Bulb
Topic: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY