In Vitro Studies on The Inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase by fruit and seed Extracts of White Jamun (Syzygium Cumini L. Skeels)
Erny Ishartati*1, Sukardi2, Sudiadi3, and Devi Dwi Siskawardani2
1Authors- Department of Argonomic, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: ishartati.erny[at]gmail.com)
2Authors- Department of Food Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: sukardiitp[at]gmail.com, devi[at]umm.ac.id)
3Authors- Researcher, INDONESIA.
(E-mail:sudiadijmb[at]yahoo.com)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence in Indonesia was significantly increased. Based on the data of Health Research and Development Ministry, in 2013 was 6.9%, and it enhanced up to 8.5 % in 2018. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorders group, which is characterized by high blood sugar along to carbohydrate, protein, and lipid interference as the consequence insulin function insufficiency. This condition could be controlled by enzyme activity inhibition (-amylase and -glucosidase) from the material comprised to phenol and flavonoid. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is well known as medical plant, this commodity is rich in compounds containing phenol and flavonoid that able to medicate a lot of disease, especially diabetes mellitus (anti-diabetic plant). The research aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of white jamun (Syzigium cumini (L) Skell fruit and seed extract by in vitro. The main material white jamun taken from Kersikan Vilages, Godang Wetan, Pasuruan. White jamun fruit and seed extracts were prepared using binary solvent i.e. aqueous ethanol (50% v/v). About 50 g sample added in volumetric flasks followed by solvent addition. Afterward, the volumetric flasks placed in orbital shaker operating at 280 rpm and 500C for 45 min, then extracts filtered. The filtrate evaporated using rotary evaporator at 400C under reduced pressure for the removal of solvent. Later on, the extracts were stored in sealed bottles. The antioxidant activity were analyzed used DPPH, while anti-diabetic activity analyzed - glucoside enzyme inhibition activity by measuring the p-nitrofenol as enzymatic reaction product at wavelength 400 nm. The -Amylase enzyme activity inhibition determined used wavelength 540 nm. Statistical analysis performed with three replications and the data reported as the mean standard deviation. The result of total phenolic content at fruit was about 0,208-0,907 g GAE/mg, while at seed was 0,259-1,537 g GAE/mg. Phenolic compounds are important plant constituents with redox properties responsible for antioxidant activity, and the hydroxyl groups in plant extracts are responsible for facilitating free radical scavenging (Aryal et al., 2019). The total flavonoids content (TFC) at fruit was 0,605-6,189 g GAE/mg, and at seed was 5,385-7,240 g GAE/mg. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity, the potency of which depends on the number and position of free OH groups (Panche, 2016). The antioxidant activity at fruit was 313,65-492,17, and at seed was 351,16-408,42. DPPH is a stable organic free radical, which loses its absorption spectrum band at 515–528 nm when it accepts an electron or a free radical species. Accrording Chithiraikumar (2017) the DPPH assay is a simple, acceptable and most widely used technique to evaluate the radical scavenging potency of plant extracts, and the antioxidants are the components of the plants which are capable of enacting the visually noticea
Keywords: Jamun (Syzygium Cumini (S. Cumini), Diabetes, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase
Topic: Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture