Effect of Temperature and Residence Time Torrefaction Palm Kernel Shell On The Calorific Value and Energy Yield
Made Dirgantara1*, Karelius2, Budi Tri Cahyana3, Komang Gde Suastika1, Arief RM Akbar4
1Department of Physics, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
2Department of Chemistery, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
3Industry Research and Standardization Center, Ministry of Industry, Indonesia
4Study Program of Agricultural Industry Technology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia
Abstract
Torrefaction is thermochemical processes to make biomass a fuel that has better properties, such as increased carbon content and calorific value. It is a temperature sensitive process which is effective between 200 0C and 300 0C in an inert environment with a residence time of 20-60 minutes. Palm kernel shell is one of the biomass that has the potential to be used as fuel, where its availability is abundant and has good physical properties. In this study of palm kernel shell torrefaction was carried out from 0.5 cm sieve with three variations in temperature and residence time follows 250 0C - 300 0C and 20-40 minutes. The results obtained are the increase in temperature and residence time causes an increase in the calorific value but relatively on energy yield because of a large mass loss at a temperature of 300 0C. The optimum process for torrefaction palm kernel shell according to calorific value and energy yield is 275 0C with residence time 30 minutes.
Keywords: calorific value, energy yield, residence time, temperature, torrefaction
Topic: Energy and environment materials