Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Orchidea Rachmaniah

Institutions
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2 Department of Chemical Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
3 Laboratory of Technology Medic, Polithecnic of Health, Pucang Jajar Tengah 56, Surabaya 60282, Indonesia

Abstract
Public awareness to assess a healthy and safe food products is low. Therefore unhealthy and unsafe food product is still easily found and distributed, especially in traditional market. Food additives, i.e. synthetic colorants and sweetener, are widely applied in food due to its colour stability, attractive in colours, and cheaper. Therefore, a survey and determination of illegal reds colorants, rhodamine and amaranth, are conducted particularly in ketchup and crackers in Sukolilo Area of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia as well as three legal reds colorants red allure, erythrosine, and ponceau 4R. Seven traditional markets at Sukolilo, a high density of population district at East Surabaya area ca. 4227 person/km2 (total area 23.69 km2), Keputih, Gebang Putih, Menur Pumpungan, Nginden Jangkungan, Semolowaru, Klampis Ngasem, and Medokan Semampir, were sampled. Instead ketchup and crackers, beverages and traditional cakes are also classified containing reds colorant. However none of those are found at Medokan Semampir Traditional Market. They are 38 samples were collected from six traditional markets at Sukolilo district: ketchup 31.58%, crakers 5.26%, beverages 23.68%, traditional cakes 28.95% while the rest is classified as other, i.e. seasonings and sausages. Unfortunately, all the collected samples contains both rhodamine and amaranth in various concentration ca. 0.106-283 ppm. Red allure, erythrosine, and ponceau 4R, were also detected in all samples. Thirty nine percent of the samples contains red allure, erythrosine, or ponceau 4R upper the maximum allowable concentration, ca. 300 mg/kg, though 34% of them are legally registered, having either MD or PIRT registration number.

Keywords
Crackers, Food Additives, Food awarness, Healthy Food, Red Colorants, Rhodhamine

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9UJPxcA6BD3w

Corresponding Author
VERA CAHYA RINJAYANI

Institutions
(a) Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
*wijaya.rahmad40[at]yahoo.com
(b)Agroindustrial Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya Univesity, Indonesia

Abstract
Composting can be done using conventional methods, but this method has a weakness in terms of time because temperature and humidity are not in optimal values. Aerobic Bioreactor is a design tool for processing rabbit livestock waste into organic compost in aerobic conditions by implementing a DS18B20 temperature sensor and YL69 humidity. The sensor will provide input temperature and humidity to be forwarded to the Fuzzy Logic System control unit. Fuzzy Logic System controller is considered more capable in maintaining temperature and humidity for microorganisms because of the very high level of precision. The resulting output is then channeled to a humidity-enhancing sprayer and blower to reduce temperature and humidity to maintain system stability. Aerobic Bioreactor is equipped with a stirrer to facilitate reversal and aeration during composting compared to fixed bioreactor. The power input used is quite low, so the calculation of profits for rabbit farmers will be higher. It is expected that Aerobic Bioreactor can be a solution in the problem of low profit rabbit breeders.

Keywords
Aerobic, Bioreactor, Compost, Livestock Waste, Rabbit

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wNA6tJ3vfCeY

Corresponding Author
ANNISA PUSPA KIRANA

Institutions
State Polytechnic of Malang

Abstract
Agriculture is among the most vulnerable of all sectors to drought. Droughts cause serious effects on the agricultural sector due to its heavy dependence on rainfall. In the present work, we use the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) of MODIS Data as drought indices to monitoring the drought over East Java, Indonesia. VHI is computed based on the vegetation index and land surface temperature which are very important satellite products for drought monitoring with remote sensing. VHI describes vegetation health from the combination of TCI (temperature) and VCI (vegetation condition).

Keywords
agriculture, satellite, monitoring, MODIS, VHI, TCI, VCI

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Vaw47m3e6fp9

Corresponding Author
Amira Syazwani Mustafa Kamal

Institutions
1)Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2)Textile Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Email: texiqbal[at]uitm.edu.my

Abstract
Bacteria cellulose (BC) derived from Acetobacter xylinum strain possess several advantages such as elevated water holding capacity, high porosity and excellent mechanical strength. BC is useful to replace vegetal plant and applied into various industrial field such as papermaking, packaging and textile. In this study, BC membranes were produced from coconut water based consists of 8.0% sugar, 0.5% ammonium sulphate and 1.0% acetic acid at pH 4.5, followed with the addition of 10.0% inoculum before subjected to static incubation for 7 days. This study evaluated the changes of BC membrane properties using different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under room temperature within 24 hours. The morphological, physical, chemical structure and water vapour permeability (WVP) of BC were analysed using FESEM, XRD, FTIR and WVP analysis, respectively. Results show that BC is mainly consist of cellulose I_α with high crystallinity and smaller crystallite sizes. The differences in NaOH concentrations varied the fibrils diameter of cellulose, in accordance to FESEM images. The use of higher concentration of NaOH (≥ 2.0%) gave a smooth cellulose structure with less porosity, thus reducing the WVP properties of BC.

Keywords
Acetobacter xylinum; bacterial cellulose; purification treatment; sodium hydroxide; water vapor permeability

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tPXcdFmrNk6n

Corresponding Author
Orchidea Rachmaniah

Institutions
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2 Halal Centre, Research-Based Community Development Program (Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat/LPPM), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
3 Department of Chemical, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
4 Department of Chemical Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
5 Laboratory of Technology Medic, Polithecnic of Health, Pucang Jajar Tengah 56, Surabaya 60282, Indonesia

Abstract
High number of students of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) of Surabaya, ca. 18,698 of registered college students in 2018/2019 academic year, make it as a potential consumers especially in food industry. The condition is also supported with two polytechnics i.e. Politeknik Elektro Negeri Surabaya (PENS) and Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya (PPNS). Both of the polytechnics have ca. 3,855 and 2,479 respectively for PENS and PPNS. Most of them purchased food or beverages from on-campus food service, canteens. However during the Ramadhan festival, most of the canteen is closed. Therefore, many seasonal food stalls were present at “Bundaran ITS” starting at 15.00 till 20.00 WIB (West Indonesian Time Area), provided food or beverages for breaking the fast. Unfortunately, most of them is a healthy foods. Therefore, survey were conducted to check the healthiness of the food, meaning the food colorant additive especially red colorants. Moreover, this study also examined relationships among healthy food awareness, behavioural intention toward healthy foods, and actual behaviour of the ITS consumers. They were 37 samples were collected during two periods of survey, at 9-12 May 2019 and 28-29 May 2019. The collected samples were focused that samples which might had red colorant. The collected samples were classified into three categories: beverages (32.43%), ketchups (54.05%), and snacks (13.51%). Mostly, all sample contained both amaranth and rhodamine B, illegal red colorants. Only two samples of ketchup (from 20 samples) were absent in both amaranth and rhodamine B. All of the samples contain red allure, erythrosine, and ponceau 4R, legal red colorants. Though, they were legal, some were beyond the maximum allowable value, ca. >300 mg/g.

Keywords
Food Additives, Food awarness, Healthy Food, Red Colorants, Rhodhamine

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fpmUdLy9ngZY

Corresponding Author
Luchis Rubianto

Institutions
State Polytechic of Malang

Abstract
Recently, awareness on application of renewable fuel leads to creation of biofuels . One of them is biodiesel that can be made by transesterification of vegetable oil. In order to prevent conflict of interest, vegetable oil was replaced by waste frying oil. Transesterification produces two materials, biodiesel as main product and glycerol as by product. By this method, glycerol produced was dark and viscous therefore cannot be used for foods nor cosmetics additive. Nevertheless, with its high amount of energy, glycerol ca be used as biofuel. Glycerol was mixed with methanol up to 10% by volume and applied on external combustion engine. The results show that by providing excess of air, glycerol produces acceptable flame for boiler burner

Keywords
waste frying oil, glycerol, biodiesel, transesterification, combustion

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gLVbDYwKcaGv

Corresponding Author
Prayitno Prayitno

Institutions
State Polytechnic of Malang

Abstract
In the seaweed processing industry to obtain quality products that are free of microorganisms, high concentrations of chlorine are used in the immersion process. Thus the wastewater from the immersion process still contains high concentrations of chlorine, where the wastewater when disposed of into the aquatic environment can cause pollution and environmental damage. The aim of the research is the reduction of high levels of chlorine in seaweed wastewater using a combination process of aeration, heating and addition of HCl. The experiment was carried out by adding wastewater from the seaweed immersion process with HCl (1, 2, 3, and 4% v/v), aerated at flowrate (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 liters/minute) and heated at temperature (35, 40, 45, and 50oC). The experimental results showed that the maximum reduction of chlorine by 99.4% was obtained by adding HCl by 4%, flowrate of 2.5 liters/minute and heating temperature of 50oC.

Keywords
Aeration, Chlorine, Immersion, Seaweed, Wastewater

Topic
Environmental Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/73Nv69xGUZDj