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Corresponding Author
Nining Ade Ningsih

Institutions
STIK Tamalatea Makassar

Abstract
In ensuring quality of pharmaceutical services, pharmacy supplies must be controlled responsibly. Therefore, drugs must be managed effectively and efficiently. This study aims to determine the causes of drug stockout and stagnant in the pharmacy installation at Regional General Hospital Makassar. This type of research is qualitative with a Case Study approach. The informants in this study consisted of key informants namely the head of pharmacy installations and ordinary informants specifically the head of the warehouse, the management of pharmacy supplies, and partners/distributors. Determination of informants in this study was made by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out by means of direct in-depth interviews with informants, observations, and document reviews. The results of the study show that the cause of the drug stockout was the ineffective procurement of drugs as a result of delayed budgeting that caused huge losses in the Pharmacy Installation of Regional General Hospital Makassar. The other factor was distributor emptiness. While the factors that caused Stagnant were due to slow moving drugs due to changes in disease patterns, there were changes in the history of drug use by the user. Suggestions that can be given are by applying the analytical methods of all types of drugs available in the pharmaceutical warehouse. Thus, they can determine which drugs should be prioritized and avoid drug emptiness and purchase of cito.

Keywords
Stockout, Stagnant, Drug Logistic Management

Topic
Logistic and Medicine

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KwbMjh8fDAza

Corresponding Author
Lukman Prayitno Prayitno

Institutions
1Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan, Kemenkes RI, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya dan Pelayanan Kesehatan, Kemenkes RI, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract Introduction: The use of antibiotics needs to be monitored. Its irrational use causes antibiotic resistance. Research needs to be done that aims to determine trends in antibiotic use. Methods: Observational research with retrospective data collection. Cross sectional research design. Data in the form of availability of antibiotics during the period 2014 - 2017 in hospitals, health offices and health centers in the city of Manado. Results: The trend of the use of antibiotics in the first level of health facilities in 2014 - 2017 in the city of Manado was the antibiotics of betalactam, macrolide, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, quinolone groups. Trends in second-grade health facilities are the betalactam antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and quinolones. Trend in third-level health facilities are betalactam antibiotics, quinolones and others. Conclusion: Based on the data of 5 major antibiotic use in level 1, 2 and 3 health facilities, there was a change in the pattern of antibiotic use and this pattern tended to increase.

Keywords
Antibiotic Trends, JKN, Health Facilities

Topic
Logistic and Medicine

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qGUrfzYD92Nj

Corresponding Author
Silvia Candradewi

Institutions
Postgraduate Program in Hospital Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang

Abstract
Emergency trolley is one of the logistic interventions to ensure the availability of essential drug in emergency situation. The study aims to review emergency trolley utilization in general ward. We evaluate the utilization (reason and drug used) in eight emergency trolley in a private hospital. Based on daily emergency trolley records we hand search the related patient medical records to identify the reason of using emergency trolley. There were 361 identified reasons for the use of trolleys in the inpatient unit and not all of it was for emergency conditions (70.64%). Study identified that 19.39% reasons were non-emergency conditions, and could not be explained (9.97%). The most common emergency conditions are cardiac arrest, hypoglycaemia, and shock. The non-emergency reason were mostly for maintenance treatment for shock. Some of the reason were unclear that falls into two situation which were opening a trolley without the use of drugs and the use of drugs that are not recorded in medical records. The drugs most often used for emergency conditions were epinephrine, dextrose 40%, and norepinephrine while for non-emergency conditions were norepinephrine, dopamine, and diphenhydramine. This study found that the use of emergency trolleys in the inpatient unit is not always for emergency purposes therefore a more clear regulation is needed and need to be well socialized and implemented.

Keywords
emergency trolley, utilization review, false emergency reason

Topic
Logistic and Medicine

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nEG89a3bzCuZ