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A high increase of population growth along side of Gajah Wong River Yogyakarta had induce water quality degradation. Domestic, agriculture and home industries of leather waste reduce the water quality. The aim of the study is to analyze water quality and pollution index of Gajah Wong river. Secondary data of its water quality had collected to compare with the recent data. Water samples were collected from 8 sites of Gajah Wong River. The parameters that analyzed were COD, BOD, DO, TSS, Cd, and Pb. Water pollution index of STORET was calculated. Based on the data since 2006 indicated that the water quality in Gajah Wong River were exceeded the water quality standard as state in Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control, particularly for class I (source for drinking water), and class II (for agriculture and fisheries). Appropriate management have to developed to improve the water quality.