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Algebra thinking is one of the abilities students must have in learning school algebra. The weak algebraic thinking ability of junior high school students is one part of the problems in mathematics education. One effort to solve these problems is to innovate learning with a realistic mathematics education approach. This study is a quasi-experiment about improving students algebraic thinking abilities, with the experimental class using the realistic mathematics education approach and the control class using conventional learning. The research sample consisted of 134 eighth grade students of junior high schools in Bandung. The results of the study show that increasing the algebraic thinking ability of students who get learning with a realistic mathematics education approach is better than students who get conventional learning at every level of students initial mathematical knowledge.