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The main predisposing factor of infant mortality is Low Birth Weight (LBW). LBW can have long-term effects on child developments, therefore the high incidence of low birth weight can affect the quality of human resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the predisposing factors of the occurrence of LBW in Payangan sub-district, Bali. This research was analytical research with a case-control design to assess predisposing factors of the occurrence of LBW by assessing medical records of pregnant women. The sample of this study was 92 mothers with a history of childbirth. Chi-square method was done to test the significance of each variable on the independent variable. Results obtained from five predisposing factors, those which had correlations to the incidence of LBW in Payangan Health Center were twin births, nutritional status, and anemia with a P value of <0.05. The conclusion made from the results of this study was the variables that have significant effect were variables of twin births, nutritional status, and anemia, while parity did not have a significant effect. A Suggestion made that it can provide benefits to health workers at health centers and pregnant women about LBW risk factors.