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Background: Carbamazepine is the first anticonvulsant studied for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine is often used for indications other than epilepsy. In Indonesia, carbamazepine registered for prophylaxis for lithium-responsive manic depressive disease, antiepilepsy, epilepsy of all types (except petit mal) and trigeminal neuralgia. This study aim is to describe the use of carbamazepine including efficacy and safety, in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. Method: This study was an observational study with retrospective data collection. The method used is cross-sectional. Data was taken from medical records of patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital who received carbamazepine during 2014. Results: The use of carbamazepine in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital during a year was 494 prescriptions given to 117 patients. The physician who most prescribe carbamazepine is a neurologist (63.04%). The most appropriate use of distribution permit was for epilepsy (34.19%), followed by trigeminal neuralgia (6.84%), bipolar (4.27%) and others. The most off-label use is in cases of stroke (7.69%), followed by diabetic neuropathy, herniated nucleus pulposus, cephalgia neuropathy with the same percentage (3.42%) and others. Evidence found in off-label use of carbamazepine was found in DM neuropathic pain and neuropathic stroke pain (24.53%). Conclusion: The use of carbamazepine in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital is on-label, and some are used off-label. The off-label use of carbamazepine 24.53% has strong evidence, some lack scientific support.