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Background: It is well known that all patients undergoing laryngectomy need self-management of their own laryngectomy stoma. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with this self-management that can prevent aspiration trouble in stoma after a total laryngectomy and improve the quality of life for these patients and their families. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted concerning: “self-management of laryngectomy stoma”, “characteristics”, “self-care agency”, and “social networks and social support”. The questionnaires were distributed to 825 patients who belonged to peer support groups all over Japan. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to find factors associated with self-management that prevent aspiration trouble related to laryngectomy stoma. Results: Valid responses from participants were 429 (52.0%), and of these 381(88.0%) were male. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the ability to manage one-s own self-care, the ability to adjust one is own physical condition based on personal weaknesses, appraisal support and gender were associated with self-management related to laryngectomy stoma (Adj R2=.364, p<.001). Conclusion: In terms of self-management related to laryngectomy stoma, this study suggested that supporting the ability to manage one-s own self-care and continuing to provide appraisal support were necessary to improve and maintain the patients- self-management.