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Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a potentially life-threatening health care–associated infection (HAI). Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSIs) are the main threat to patient safety presented by suboptimal vascular access care. We conducted a literature review in knowing how CABSI Surveillance in Hemodialysis Patients. Method: Literature review is conducted by looking for articles from 2008 to 2018 using a database from PubMed. Articles are accepted in this study if they examine surveillance infection, CABSI, BSI, and hemodialysis. Sorting articles through abstracts and free full text articles. Results: A total of 32 articles about BSI, 20 articles included inclusion criteria. In the United Kingdom, these infections account for 10%-20% of all hospital-acquired infections. The mortality rate from CABSIs is reported to range from 12%-25%. The relative risk for CABSIs associated to the use of central vascular catheters (CVCs) is 64 times greater than to peripheral vascular catheters, presenting therefore CVCs as the main source of CABSIs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that CRBSI rates have remained steady in hemodialysis patients over the last decade, with an estimated 37,000 CRBSIs occurring in 2008. Many journal mentioned that hemodialysis central venous catheter (CVC) use and they contribute to increased infection-related hospitalization, mortality, and health care costs. Risk factors for infection include catheter-dwell time, access site, multi-lumen catheters, the patient-s underlying conditions, as well as catheter care practices. Conclusion: Collaborating with patients to develop optimal interventions that increase catheter-related education and self-efficacy cannot be overemphasized. The true incidence of BSI is not known. Information such as prevalence, duration of catheter insertion, and dressing management are insufficient because of a lack of surveillance data. Further research is still needed on surveillance of bloodstream infections.