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The study about fit and proper diagnostic assessment to identify students- misconception in physics has not been reported in major literature. Four-tier multiple-choice test (4TMCT) is the developed and improved version of two-tier multiple-choice test (2TMCT) and three-tier multiple-choice test (3TMCT). Students- answer and reasoning from 2TMCT and 3TMCT will be supported by two certainty level as second tier and fourth tier as two additional tiers. This study aimed to develop and validate 4TMCT as an alternative to diagnose pattern of students- misconception in physics. The 4TMCT as diagnostic assessment was developed on the kinetic theory of gases as one of the chapters in physics, including six sub-chapters. The 4TMCT was developed through findings from the cross-sectional survey (n = 25), interview (n = 12), questionnaire (n = 12), documentation (n = 6), and forum group discussion (n = 10) to physics teachers in senior high school. The results concluded that 4TMCT as a diagnostic assessment is valid and reliable to be an alternative to diagnose pattern of students- misconception in physics.