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Background: The establishment of a positive patient safety culture in healthcare has a crucial impact on the quality service provided to patients. Aim: This study describes the attitudes and perceptions of patient safety culture as perceived by the nursing staff from two public hospitals in Spain. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-reported anonymous questionnaire administered to the nursing staff of the Surgical, the Internal Medicine and the Emergency departments in 2017. The Spanish validated version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) was used for data collection. A total of 109 valid responses were received. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Patient safety was rated as (Acceptable) for the 62 percentage of the participants. The dimension (Teamwork within units) had the highest percentage of positive responses (67.4) and the dimension (Staffing) had the lowest percentage (14.2). The Emergency units showed more negative results than the other two units. Conclusion: Incidents are not always reported for fear of punishment pointing out a lack of positive safety culture. The quantitative results come close to other studies carried out in Spain, and differ from other studies in Europe.