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Oil palm is one of Indonesias export commodities which is quite important as a foreign exchange earner beside oil and gas. The palm oil industry will produce the main product in the form of palm oil. Palm oil production will cause a lot of palm oil waste to be produced. Palm oil waste consists of solid waste and liquid waste. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) can be processed into biogas in anaerobic production. Other organic materials can be added in the production of biogas such as cow manure. Microorganisms in cow manure which is mixed with POME are expected to convert organic matter into methane optimally. Adding calcium nanoparticles can shorten biogas production time and accelerate fermentation time. The purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics of biogas and the effect of adding calcium on increasing biogas production. Comparison of POME with cow manure which was varied then the calcium nanoparticles are added with variations in milling time and concentration. Calcium nanoparticles treated with milling were analyzed by SEM to see the different sizes of each time variations and to determine the morphological structure, then XRD analyzing used to determine phase, lattice parameters and crystallite size, they were also tested by PSA to analyze the size particle and its distribution. During the anaerobic fermentation process of biogas, temperature and pH measurements were carried out on a mixture of POME and cow manure. The produced biogas was analyzed by gas chromatography to identify the methane gas present in biogas from a mixture of POME and cow manure. The result shows that the addition of calcium nanoparticles viewed increasing of biogas production.