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Mental models as representations or ideas that appear first when observing a phenomenon. The mental model of students needs to be known in order to be able to understand the material to be learned. The research entitled "Identification of the Mental Model of Class V Elementary School Students in Heat Transfer Material" aims to obtain an overview of the mental model of grade V students of elementary school on the heat transfer material. The method used is descriptive research method, with subjects in grade V as many as 21 people who came from SD Cikandang in Sumedang district. Data collection was conducted with research instruments in the form of concept understanding tests, interview guidelines and documentation studies. The results showed that the scientific model of scientific students was 14.3%, synthetic 28.6%, and initials 57.2%. Based on the results of the study that mental models like this describe most of the fifth grade students of elementary school have a partial understanding of the material on the concepts of heat transfer.