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Corresponding Author
Muhammad Redza Mohd Radzi

Institutions
Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most virulent types of cancers that contribute to high mortality worldwide. Hyperthermia (HT) therapy was introduced as one of the alternatives to treat breast cancer. However, HT caused poor specific heat distribution in tumor during treatment which lead to unintentional destruction of normal cells. Therefore, this study explores the integration effect of multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in combination with hyperthermia for breast cancer therapy regime. MWCNT was recognized as the potential candidate for hyperthermal therapy due to its thermal conductance and stability which generated a significant amount of heat during hyperthermia. This subsequently will provide specific heat distribution in tumor, which expected to improve the treatment outcome. In this study, 5 × 105 EMT6 breast cell was inoculated subcutaneously into right flank of female Balb/c mice. At day 7 post-inoculation, tumors were intratumorally injected with MWCNT and subjected to local HT for 3 consecutive days. The tumor progression was monitored every 2 days. In another experiment, mice were sacrificed after 24 hr post-treatment and tumors were harvested for pathological examination by H&E and immunohistochemical analysis for PCNA and Hsp70 expression. Results from this study demonstrated that mice from combined treatment displayed complete tumor eradication and significantly prolonged median survival (P<0.001). Furthermore, histological analysis of tissues from combined treatment showed that the tumor experienced cell necrosis. For Hsp70 expression, HT and combined treatment both showed expression of Hsp70 protein corresponding to hyperthermia. In addition, significant reduction of PCNA-positive cells was observed in treated group indicated that HT in combination with MWCNT treatment inhibited tumor cells proliferation. Altogether, results presented in this study suggested that MWCNT might have a potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent in future breast cancer treatment.

Keywords
Breast cancer; Hyperthermia; Carbon nanotubes

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eyEPcJdRu6Vr

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
2Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

a)Corresponding author: nurul.hidayat.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
A very careful X-ray diffraction (XRD) data collection and analysis is inherently important prior to further materials characterizations. More importantly when we deal with structural analysis, XRD is the best choice in terms of a simpler and easier approach as against other sophisticated instruments, like high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) or small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Furthermore, the Scherrer equation provides an excellent feature to calculate the size of sub-micrometer crystallites or particles through the XRD pattern-s broadening peak. This present paper explores some analytical approaches to accurately extract the crystallografic structure and estimated particle size of magnetite (Fe3O4) and zincite (ZnO) nanoparticles which were prepared by simple coprecipitation approach. Single line analysis on the broadening XRD peak was computed with Lorentzian fitting to calculate the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for particle size calculation using Scherrer equation. Further full pattern XRD data analysis was executed by means of Rietveld method using Rietica and MAUD open-source softwares. From the refinement results, our analysis confirmed both softwares are powerful in determining the lattice parameters and particle size, even MAUD can plot the size distribution, and the results are in line with the HR-TEM and SANS data.

Keywords
Rietveld analysis, crystal structure, magnetite, zincite, nanoparticle.

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RQWqJBbUaZn7

Corresponding Author
Atieya Abdul Hadi

Institutions
1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia
2. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia
3. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
In this study, green synthesis AgNP was performed using Diplazium esculentum aqueous extract and characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The formation of colloidal AgNPs was proven by the significant surface plasmon resonance band at 450 nm and XRD pattern and HRTEM images confirmed the consistent pattern of elliptical crystalline AgNPs in a face-centered cubic (fcc) geometry with an average particle size of 23.385 ± 8.349 nm. FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the presence of biomolecules from the plant extract on the AgNPs acting as capping agent. Catalytic reduction activity showed up to 91% decolourisation of methyl blue obeying a pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0395 min^(-1). For adsorption capacity, 87% adsorption of methylene blue dye was obtained when 3 mg of AgNPs was used. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay exhibited positive results when conducted against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) through disk diffusion technique. Therefore, the biosynthesized AgNPs using Diplazium esculentum aqueous extract is proven active in the removal of the dye via catalytic reduction and adsorption with good potential as antibacterial agent.

Keywords
green synthesis, silver nanoparticle, diplazium esculentum, dye removal, antibacterial

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BmzrF4MRZ8pJ

Corresponding Author
Fauziatul Fajaroh

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
One of the nanoparticles used in the medical world is ZnO nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using bananas peel extract as a capping agent. This research was conducted in four steps: extraction of three kind of bananas peel (red kapok, ambon, and tanduk), phytochemical test on the bananas peel extract, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the extracts, characterization of ZnO nanoparticles by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the test of the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Based on the phytochemical test it was proven that bananas peel extract contained secondary metabolite such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins in various concentration. From the XRD it can be concluded that ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. Through the agar diffusion test, it can be showed that ZnO nanoparticles are a promising materials as antibacterial agents. This statement is based on evidence that the diameter of the clear zone produced ranges from 8 to 10 mm.

Keywords
banana peel extract, nanoparticles, ZnO, antibacterial agent

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6ufwaBDrVT7N