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The aim of this study was to know the effect of the problem-based learning model on critical thinking ability and student learning motivation in the physical education learning process. The method used a true experiment using randomize pretest-posttest control group design. This study was conducted in Senior High School 2 of Purwokerto, Central Java. The population covered the whole tenth and eleventh-grade students in the school. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling in which the study involved 120 students from tenth and eleventh grader in the school. The research instrument used in this study was the objective test for critical thinking skills and learning motivation questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test with significance level α= 0,05. The result showed that 1) Problem-based learning positively affected the critical thinking ability in physical education learning process. 2) Problem-based learning positively affected the student learning motivation in physical education learning process. 3) Problem-based learning had a more positive effect than direct teaching on critical thinking ability in physical education learning process. 4) Problem-based learning had a more positive effect than direct teaching on student learning motivation in physical education learning process. Based on the results, it is recommended that when employing problem-based learning, the formulation of the problems offered to the students should be started from the simplest to the most complex ones.