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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of an ISO 9001-based quality management system in the childrens toy industry which already has the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) certification in the Yogyakarta region of Indonesia, including motives that encourage the industry to implement a quality management system, implementation obstacles encountered and impacts on company performance. The research methodology was carried out through a survey of the childrens toy industry in the Yogyakarta region which was SNI certified. Industries are determined based on the categories of large, small and medium industries. The results found that the motives of the childrens toy industry in implementing an ISO 9001-based quality management system were not the same. The big category of childrens toy industry in implementing an ISO 9001-based quality management system was identified to control process activities effectively and efficiently, as well as to comply with applicable government regulations. The category of medium and small industries are the motive for implementation because there are mandatory government regulations. Issues of management responsibility, human resources, and certification costs are identified as obstacles to the effective implementation of the quality management system. The study also found that the certified childrens toy industry had not yet reached the expected level of company performance.