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The thyroid gland is one of parts of body that is rare to become malignancy. However, among the endocrine glands, the thyroid malignancy is the most common type of malignancy. The exact causes of thyroid cancer has still been not known yet. Some say because of hereditary disease, infection of virus, environmental factors, wrong lifestyle, or wrong dietary habit. The purpose of this research, to provide an overview about The Prevalence of Thyroid Cancer by Age and Sex at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta 2017. One of risk factors in thyroid cancer such as age and sex. Thyroid cancer is a malignancy in the thyroid that has four types: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. This research used descriptive method with cross sectional design, and secondary data that was taken from the medical records of thyroid cancer patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital for period January to December 2017. The result of this research indicated from 76 medical record data of patients with thyroid cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital for period January to December 2017, thyroid cancer mostly occurred in women with histological types of Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid, and age between 60-67 years.