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Organic farming is most promising way to overcome negative effects of modern farming on ecosystem. To understand effect of different histories of organic paddy field on the interaction between soil organisms and biodiversity of aboveground arthropods, we carried out researches in organic paddy field with 5 and 20 years old. The aims of the study are to reveal the effects of soil organisms on the abundance of aboveground arthropods by measuring the soil organism activity, nutrient availability, and abundance of the arthropods. We predict that subsidies of organic input in the organic paddy fields should increase microbial N immobilization and denitrification, effectively increase the N available for arthropod abundance. The results showed that long histories of organic paddy fields improved the abundance of soil organisms, soil microbial biomass C and N, soil nutrition, and these effects indirectly improved the abundance of aboveground arthropods. This study suggested that organic paddy fields improved the biotic interactions within and between soil organisms and aboveground ecosystem thereby might achieve sustainability of the paddy field system.