Indonesia Conference Directory

INTRODUCTION Terminalia catappa L., known as Indian almond, contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin1. Terminalia catappa leaves can be used for traditional medicine4 and as an alternative to antibiotic for fish pathogen3. To investigate the effects of dietary Terminalia catappa leaves meal on histological intestinal changes of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a group of fish (Average initial body weight 0.23 g) were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 40 fish each group, namely: Group 1 as control, Group 2, 3 and 4 fed with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. The fish fed commercial feed with T. catappa leaves meal as dietary for 90 days. At the end of the feeding trial, intestinal structure which is an important as digestive and absorptive organ was evaluated histologically. In addition, villus and crypt height of the intestinal of fish were also determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These results suggested that the T. catappa leaves caused several damages in fish intestine. Dietary 1% of T. catappa leaves meal in the diet of fish resulted edema, desquamation of epithelia cell, leukocyte infiltration, fat degeneration and necrosis compare to controls group (Figure 1). These result indicated that antinutritional compound in the T. catappa leaves might disturb cytoplasm membrane in cell, causing several damages2 (Table 1). Meanwhile, villus height of intestinal fish was no affected by any concentration of T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet but showed significantly different with control. In addition, dietary T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet higher than 0.25% increased the depth of crypt (Table 1). Figure 1. Intestine histology of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus (X400) by Hematoxylin & Eosin: 1. Edema; 2. Villi; 3. Desquamation epithelial cell; 4. Leukocyte Infiltration; 5. Fat Degeneration; 6. Goblet cell; 7. Necrosis. Table 1. Types of Damage base on intestine histology and average of villus height and depth of crypt of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed various concentration of Terminalia catappa leaves meal in the diet. Groups Type of Damage Parameters Necrosis Edema Leukocyte Infiltration Fat Degeneration Desquamation epitelial cell Degeneration cell Villus Height (mm) Depth of crypt (mm) Control +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ 0.191±0.012a 0.060±0.003a 0.25% ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ ++ 0.149±0.008b 0.051±0.005ab 0.50% ++++ +++ ++++ ++ +++ ++ 0.141±0.011b 0.421±0.001b 1.% ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++ 0.122±0.013b 0.399±0.004b *+=very low, ++=low, +++=medium,++++=high. Mean ± S.E followed by the same superscript letters (a,b) at the same row show no significantly difference (P<0,05).