Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Novitri Kurniati

Institutions
1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, INDONESIA
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, INDONESIA
3 Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Abstract
Abstract. One of the ways to restore the fertility of rice fields is through improving soil structure and fulfilling soil microbes by using organic fertilizer derived from livestock waste. For this reason, it is necessary to implement an Integrated Plant Crop System that combines rice and cattle. The study aims at analyzing the determinants of farmers decisions in adopting integrated rice-based integrated farming systems in Bengkulu Province. This research applied survey method, which was conducted in Seluma and Rejang Lebong Regencies Bengkulu Province. The data taken includes primary and secondary data and were analyzed with the use of Regression Logistic Multinomial. The results indicated that simultaneously all the predictor variables had a significant effect on the response variable, while partially the income, land area, number of cattle and farmers perceptions had a very significant effect on the adoption of the integration system while the variable costs of production, farming experience and labor did not have a significant effect on the decision to adopt a rice and cattle integration system.

Keywords
Keywords : Adoption, integrated farming, rice, cattle

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hvYEeGzR6mD8

Corresponding Author
Astuti Nugraheni

Institutions
University Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Abstract
This study aims to determine the pattern of marketing channel, margin and distribution of marketing margins as well as farmer share in potato farming in Jojogan Village, Kejajar subsdistrict of Wonosobo Regency. The method used was survey by determining the number of samples using a random sampling formula. Data analysis used was descriptive and quantitative methods. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the pattern of institutional channles of potato marketing. Quantitative analysis was carried out to observe marketing margins, marketing efficiency and the portion received by farmers (farmer share). The results of this study show that, there were 5 marketing channels patterns in potato marketing namely Channle Pattern I (farmer-consumer), Channel Pattern II (farmer-retailer-consumer). Pattern Channle III (farmer-collector-retailer-consumer). Channel IV(farmer-collector-wholesaler-consumer) and Channel Pattern V (farmer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer). The biggest marketing margin was in marketing Channel of Pattern I with a total margin IDR 11,000. Farmer share in pattern I was 91.6%, pattern III was 87.5%, pattern IV was 85.8% and pattern V was 81.6%.

Keywords
Analysis, Marketing, Farming, Potato

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/txY3vkTMVhnH

Corresponding Author
Dyah Erni Widyastuti

Institutions
University Muhammadiyah of Malang

Abstract
Red chili is one of the important commodities, for household consumption and industrial raw materials in Indonesia. The imbalance between demand and supply and the condition of the season, causes price fluctuations. Fluctuations in the price of red chili always occur and contribute to inflation. This study analyzes the factors that influence production and demand, as well as the elasticity of demand for red chili. Data analysis using multiple linear regression models with secondary data from 2007-2016. The research variables are production, red chili prices, cayenne prices, red onion prices, red chilli imports, exports and demand for red chili. The research results represent the production of red chili is a function of the production of the previous period, harvested area and selling price at the producer level. The demand for red chili is influenced by the price of red chili, the price of cayenne pepper, consumer income and population, while the price of shallots and imports has no effect. Based on the analysis, the elasticity of demand for red chili is normal and inelastic goods against price changes.

Keywords
red chilli, inflation, demand elasticity

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8YZfwrvKU6he

Corresponding Author
Abdulxak Khalikov

Institutions
Tashkent Institute of Railway Enginering

Abstract
Introduction. Objective reasons are necessary for the birth of new theories and new ideas in science. If in some field of knowledge we would have, for example, an ideal theory that would answer absolutely all questions, then hardly anyone would have the desire to change this theory, somehow complement and improve it [1]. If we turn to the modern theory of electromagnetism as a concrete scientific theory, then this theory is completely permeated with all sorts of contradictions and paradoxes. Some paradoxes have their own names: “paradoxes of unipolar induction”, “secrets of unipolar induction”, “paradox of unipolar motor”, “paradox of rail motors,” “paradox of Goering”, “paradoxes of transformer” [5]. Up to now, almost no serious attempts have been made to change or supplement the well-known theory of electromagnetism. The reason for this was not only the contradictions and paradoxes of electromagnetic theory, but also the abstract mathematical formalism applied by Maxwell to describe various electromagnetic phenomena through electric and magnetic fields. Over time, the positive advantages of electromagnetic theory, which, undoubtedly, were, overshadowed its shortcomings and weaknesses. Contradictions and paradoxes in the theory began to be considered as only strange and harmless exceptions in the harmonious theory [1]. Mathematization of the theory played a significant role. The consequence of excessive mathematization of this theory turned the electromagnetic theory from the physical to the mathematical one. The theory of motion in time, the energy of rotation is in many ways similar to Einsteins theory of relativity. In fact, this theory of relativity has a dual character. The first peak of the theory is the peak of human knowledge; the second is the theory of movement in time. In this case, it is not necessary to know this theory, since the theory of motion in time allows you to look at the theory of relativity from the new side and makes it simple and clear [4]. The theory of movement in time is an effective tool for the knowledge of nature. The theory of motion is inextricably linked with the gravitational field. The non-explosive part of electrodynamics and gravity leads to the creation of a single spatial field, which Einstein dreamed of. The aim of the work is to combine all the fields: electric, magnetic, electromagnetic into a single electromagnetic theory of the spatial field. With the help of a single spatial electromagnetic field, such phenomena as the production of fine materials that cannot be obtained by any separators, and if possible, only with a large amount of electricity, are easily explained. Recently, more and more attention has been attracted to research in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, where they work with objects whose dimensions are commensurate with the correlation radius of a physical phenomenon

Keywords
Unified spatial electromagnetic field, electric, magnetic, gravitational, wave equations.

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hTf72CVUn9j8

Corresponding Author
Ali Ikhwan

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purple Cleome (Cleome rutidosperme) is known to have metabolites that can be used as organic pesticides. This plant contains a group of alkaloid and flavonoid compounds which could be used as organic pesticides (Bose, et al., 2007). However, the types and concentrations of these compounds have not been studied in depth. This research is intended to examine further the types and concentrations of alkaloid and flavonoid which act as pesticides, especially organic fungicides on fungal pathogens Colletotrichum sp and their mechanisms in inhibiting these pathogens that attack chili plants. To achieve this goal, the research stages are as follows: (1) extraction of purple Cleome leaves with absolute methanol 1: 1 w / v; (2) metabolite analysis using GC-MS (Gass Chromatography – Mass Spectrophotometry) type QP2010S Shimadzu, with the RXi-5MS semi-polar columns, helium carrier gas with a flow rate of 0.5 ml / min, and a pressure of 27.4 kPa. The initial temperature of the GC oven was 120 oC with incremental increase of 5 oC/ min until it reached 320 oC and 1-2 ul (Hussain, and Maqbool, 2014) was sampled; and (3) pathogenic inhibition test with fungi. Colletotrichum sp. pathogen model. The data obtained were analyzed with the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database to obtain specific metabolites that act as organic pesticides. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The GC-MS analysis of Purple Cleome leaf extracts analysed 18 metabolites and 3 of them were identified as organic fungicides as shown in the following table: Table 1: Analysis of Purple Cleome metabolites acting as organic fungicides No. Compound Name (CAS) Composition (%) Function 1. Propanoic acid C11H14O2 4,12 % • Acts as an antifungal and antibacterial agent by inhibiting their growth (Bose, et al., 2007). 2. Phenol C17H28O 8,38 % • Acts as an anti-microbial that is toxic and corrosive to microbes. Phenol can damage the hydrophobic components of cell membranes such as proteins and phospholipids. • Acts as an inhibitor for essential enzymes and as an active antimicrobial agent of vegetative cells of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Phenol can reduce permeability of cytoplamide membrane and dead fungal cells (Rahman, et al, 2012) 3. Isopropyl myristate C17H3402 15,86 % • Act as an active ingredient of pesticides Besette and Brentwood (2007) The result of GC-MS analysis identified three metabolite compounds namely propanoic acid, phenol, and isopropyl myristate, with a total composition of 28.36%, which acts as an antifungal and antibacterial agent (Bose, et al. 2007). The inhibition mechanism by Propanoic acid varies depending on the microorganism. Some microorganisms have an enzyme system that converts succinate into Propionyl-Coenzyme, and it can be converted into B-alanine or directly into CO2. The microbial inhibition mechanism works by competing with acetate in the acetokynase system, resulting in blockage of chemical reaction from

Keywords
Metabolites, Pesticides, Organic, and Pathogens

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JhrKuw6kmqLa

Corresponding Author
Rima dewi oryza Sativa

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rice is one of the main crops in Indonesia which produces the biggest staple food, namely rice. The government is trying to increase national rice production by increasing productivity and expanding paddy fields. The technical aspect, the technology used is the use of superior seeds. The consumer purchasing decision process according to Kotler and Armstrong (2012) consists of five stages, namely (1) introduction of problems / needs; (2) information retrieval; (3) alternative evaluation; (4) purchasing decisions; (5) post-purchase behavior. According to Syamsiah et al (2015), the use of quality seeds is the first key to success in rice farming. The main factor that is considered in the development of improved rice varieties in an area is the attitudes and preferences of farmers to choose and use appropriate superior seeds. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The characteristics of farmers in this study are 50-60 years old, most of the respondents&

Keywords
rice varieties, decision-making

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6TtbhYeaqgzV

Corresponding Author
Tri Rini Nuringtyas

Institutions
1 Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Banana is one of the most consumed food commodities in the world. People consume fruit flesh and remove peel as wastes. Banana peels contain starch, pectin, and phytochemical compounds such as phenolic and flavonoids that act as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Kepok Kuning banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Cavendish (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA), and its potential as a preservative of chicken meat. The dried banana peel was extracted using 80 % methanol. Kepok crude extract (KCE), cavendish crude extract (CCE) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP methods. BHT was used as a synthetic preservative control. Both extract KCE, CCE, and control BHT were tested for their preservatives potency for chicken meat. Three controls were meat without treatment, meat  2% salt and positive control meat  BHT 0.1%  2% salt. Whereas the treatments included meat + EKK + salt 2% and meat + EKC + salt 2%, both at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. The parameters observed were changes in the color of the meat for eight days incubation in the refrigerator. It was observed with ImageJ software while free fatty acid (FFA) contents were determined by titration. The results showed that both EKK 15% and EKC 15% showed higher antioxidant activity than 0.1% BHT. There was no significant difference between treatments on the L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values, but not for a (redness). FFA values were significantly different between treatments with the highest value in the untreated control at 0.41% and the lowest at 0.12% for the EKK 15 % and EKC 15%. These results indicate that both banana peel extracts have the potential to be developed as preservatives of chicken meat.

Keywords
banana peel, natural preservatives, antioxidant, fenolic, flavonoids

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CzQJZMLDu9jm

Corresponding Author
Putri Dian Wulansari

Institutions
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, INDONESIA.

Abstract
Background: Kefir is currently much in demand and trusted by the public because it has healthy benefits, one of which is to replace the use of synthetic antioxidants as free radical scavengers. Fermented milk is a good antioxidant vehicle, the addition of microorganism during fermentation can increase antioxidant activity (1). Another source of natural antioxidants is by adding isolation from natural sources of antioxidants (2). Ginger (Zingeber officinale) is an herbal plant that has antioxidant activity that has long been used as an alternative to traditional medicine and is found in Indonesia. However, no references have been found yet about the functional component of ginger extract is added in the fermentation process of cow-s milk kefir on the antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics it produces. Aims: This research was conducted in an effort to characterize the antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics of cow,s milk kefir enriched by ginger extract. Materials and Methods: Fresh Cow-s milk was obtained from As-Salam Breeding Farm in Tasikmalaya; grain kefir from Milky Way in Bogor; and ginger from traditional market in Tasikmalaya. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This study consisted of 5 treatment (each repeated 5 times) with an interval of giving ginger extract 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2%. Ginger extract was used methode (3). The process of making kefir uses the modified methode (4). The milk was transported in a cold condition, and was pasteurized at 72oC for 15 second, then was cooled to 28oC than inoculated with ginger extract according to the treatment and grain kefir as much as 10%, and incubated for 24 hours to allow fermentation process. Milk kefir was separated from kefir grains by using a fine plastic strainer and ready for analysis. The data obtained were analysed using Two Way Anova with SPSS software version 17 with a confidence level of 95%, and further tests using the Least Significant Difference Test (5). Results: The parameter measured in this study were antioxidant activity (DPPH and total polyphenol levels) and chemical characteristics (alcohol content, free fatty acids, lactic acid levels and pH). The result showed that the addition of ginger extract had no effect on alcohol levels, free fatty acids, lactid acid levels, and pH but were able to increase antioxidant activity (DPPH) and total polyphenol levels. The average alcohol content, free fatty acids, lactid acid levels and pH in this study were 1.42 g/dl, 0.5503 mg/KOH, 1.0005% and 4.42 fulfilling kefir quality requirements set by Codex Stan 243-2003. The more addition of ginger extract (0-2%) to the manufacture of kefir, the higer the antioxidant activity (DPPH) and the total phenolics levels. Conclusion: Conclusion on this study is the addition of ginger extract in fermentation cow-s milk kefir can increase antioxidant activity and total polyphenol levels, without affecting its chemical characteristics.

Keywords
Antioxidant; Chemical Characteristics; Cow-s Milk; Ginger Extract; Kefir; and Total Phenol.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DKWpAjrNcd8B

Corresponding Author
Asmah Hidayati

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Lambs fattening has promising business opportunities in Malang. Demand for lamb is quite high in the market.it is higher than mutton.One of the feeds given is complete corn silage feed.The purpose of intellectual campuss business development program is produce lamb for fulfill the needs of animal protein specifically for people in Malang. The materials are 60 rams. This program is carried out in the UMM experimental farm laboratory. Feasibility analysis is measured from 2 aspects. First,non-financial which consists of market aspects, management aspects, technical aspects, social aspects, and environmental impact aspects. Second,financial aspects are analyzed through the Net Present Value (NPV) eligibility criteria, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Cost-Benefit Ratio (Net B / C), Gross Cost-Benefit Ratio (Gross B / C), and Return Period . The results of the lambs business development program indicate that the non-financial and financial aspects are very feasible to develop

Keywords
lambs fattening, corn silasge feed, Intellectual Campuss Product Bussines Development Program

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BNr2ZHyk9fKV

Corresponding Author
Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto

Institutions
Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, INDONESIA

Abstract
Assesing average and potential yields of soybean high yield lines Gatut_Wahyu A. S. 1, Novita Nugrahaeni2, Abdullah Taufiq3, Titik Sundari4, Suhartina5 and Purwantoro6 1-6 Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, INDONESIA (E-mail: gatut_wahyu2016@yahoo.com, nnugrahaeni@gmail.com, a.taufiq@gmail.com, titik_iletri@gmail.com, t_ina@gmail.com, pur_bagus@gmail.com) Background: Average and potential yields of soybean can be increased through genetic and cultivation technology improvements. Genetic improvement can be attained by employing genetic engineering technologies or by crossing between soybean parentals to derive the desired lines or cultivars. One of the cultivation technologie components is planting suitable cultivars for specific purpose or environment. Response of cultivars to environmental conditions varies due to the existence of genotype by environment interactions (Sundari et al., 2016; Lyimo et al., 2017), therefore, cultivars must be evaluated in a diverse environments to determine their performances. In addition, planting areas of soybean is relatively stagnant, and even tends to decline. To meet the increasing demand of national soybeans it is important to make a breakthrough, especially in increasing seed yield average. Therefore increasing soybean productivity is important to achieve. Soybean cultivars with yield potential of more than 4.0 t/ha will be able to boost the increase national soybean production. Research to improve soybean seed potential has obtained 30 homozygouse lines which need to be further evaluated to asses the ability of the lines to produce high average and potential seed yields. Those lines will be evaluated compared to the most popular high yield cultivar Anjasmoro, and the new large seeded high seed yield Dega 1. Aims: The study was conducted to asses the average and yield potential of soybean lines. Materials and Methods: The trials were carried out in two stages, namely preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT), each of the trial is as followed: (1) PYT were conducted in two locations, i.e. in Jambegede Experimental Farm-Malang and in Ngale KP, Ngawi during the 1st dry season (MKI) 2017. Thirty soybean homozygous lines and two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were arranged in randomized completely block design, replicated three times. Each genotype was planted in a plot of 5.6 m2 with 40 cm x 15 cm plant spacing, two plants per hill; (2). Thirteen selected soybean lines from PYT along with the same two check cultivars (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) were evaluated in AYT. The trials were conducted in three locations, i.e. Genteng Experimental Farm-Banyuwangi, Ngale Exp. Farm-Ngawi, and in Jambegede Exp. Farm-Malang during the 2nd dry season 2017. The 15 genotypes were set randomized completely block design, replicated three times. Each genotype was planted in a plot of 12 m2, spaced 40 cm inter rows and 15 cm within a row, two plants per hill. F

Keywords
average, line, potential, soybean, yield

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mcXgpvWyPzZY

Corresponding Author
Khudoyberdi Abdivaitov

Institutions
1, 2,4Land Use, Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers (TIIAME), UZBEKISTAN.
(E-mail: alik5656[at]bk.ru, abdivaitov90[at]list.ru)
3 The head of Scientific Researches department, Uzbek state research – project institute on land management “UZDAVERLOYIKHA”, UZBEKISTAN.
(E-mail: b.inamov[at]ygk.uz)

Abstract
The article researches calculating natural productive capacity of land plot soil of farming economies in today-s limited water supply environment of the Republic of Uzbekistan which is considered one of the developing countries in Central Asia, i.e. it explores both theoretical and methodological aspects of determining soil appraisal and issues of economic land assessment on its base. That is why the rational and efficient use of irrigation water in today-s limited water distribution is one of the most important issues for any farm, and it is extremely important to take into account the process of soil valuation and the economic assessment of irrigated land, as the land valuation data. the positive solution of a number of farm issues. Background: Over the last 15-20 years, it has been conducting the problems of improving the methodology of land distribution in the irrigated regions of Uzbekistan, as well as the organization of land use in the economic sectors using this land valuation data. Aims: state the aims of your study The primary aim of this research is to evaluate of producing abilities of farmland in the condition of limited water supply in Uzbekistan. Because of water scarcity is one of the huge problem in agricultural sector of the country. Uzbekistan has a huge potential of having different categories of lands, they mostly belong to the national government. Moreover, the population of this country has been significantly increased during the last decade, and the primary source of income of most of the people is directly connected to agriculture activities. In addition, various factors such as geographical location, different climate conditions, soil fertility, timely exchange of seasons, proper road and power line networks, and water resources, provide this country to a potential of land use in a wide range of agriculture and industrial purposes. Materials and Methods: this section describes the materials and methods you have used in your study. Please provide any statistical methods applied in your study here Some national statistical data are used for analysing farm-s irrigated lands in this article. Methods of constructive, grouping, analytical analysis were used in the study. Results: The proposed correction of irrigation water supply coefficients is one of the factors that does not allow solving the problem positively. The fact is that soil boundaries do not correspond to the boundaries of land plots or fields of farms, because the soil boundaries are formed due to the natural processes taking place in the area, and the land boundaries are artificial boundaries. Conclusion: It can be concluded from these studies that the proposed methodology of determining the natural fertility or natural production capacity of irrigated soils allows for a more accurate calculation of the normative value of irrigated land in today-s limited water distribution. This, in turn, will allow farmers to effectively organize

Keywords
Keywords: agricultural land, economic productivity, farm, gross income, irrigated land, irrigation water, limited water distribution, mechanical composition of soil, natural fertility, natural production potential, net income, normative value of land, salinization, soil fertility, subsurface

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Q8UBAtGzPDm2

Corresponding Author
Sukardi Sukardi

Institutions
1Authors- Department of Food Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: sukardiitp[at]gmail.com)

2Author-s Department of Agrotechnology, Sebelas Maret University, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: yunus.uns7[at]yahoo.com)

3Author-s Department of Food Science and Technology, Sebelas Maret University, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: praseptiangga_de[at]yahoo.com, setya_ariviani[at]yahoo.com)

Abstract
Technological advances improve the human life welfare, but it also raises environmental problems such as cigarette smoke, ozone damage, air and water pollution that cause free radicals. Continuously, the results of free radicals encourage the oxidative stress that defines as the imbalance between the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with antioxidants to repair damage. This condition can stimulate the interference to all cellular components, including protein, lipids, carbohydrates, acids and nucleates, as the result it will affect physiological conditions (aging and exercise) and even diseases (inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative, and cancer.) To improve human health and prevent several problems due to free radicals is needed antioxidants from food and secondary metabolites from plants. Antioxidant can interact safely with free radicals, which could terminate the reaction before the molecule interference. Kitolod (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl) mostly known as traditional medicine plant that contains secondary metabolites. According to previous research, it can treat several disease such as bronchitis, asthma, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic (Hariana, 2008; Hapsari et al., 2016). This study aimed to obtain bioactive components from hexane extracts, and their fractions from the leaves of kitolod (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl). The procedure started, chitolod leaves were initially dried at 50oC then passed 40 mesh sieving. Kitolod leaves powder were extracted with hexane. Then followed by the chromatography column with hexane-fractionated extract: ethyl acetate eluent. LCMS was applied for bioactive compounds identification from fractions. Bioactive activity evaluation included antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory then inhibition of alpha amylase enzyme and glucosidase. The results showed that fractionation of hexane extract was obtained in 8 fractions. Antioxidant activity with DPPH in fractions 1 to 8 (IC 50) ranges from 8, 6 - 74, 5 µg / ml. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fraction at a concentration of 100 µg / ml ranged from 1.4 - 42.5 percent, whereas for the inhibitory activity of the -amylase enzyme was from 13.6 to 74.0 percent and -glucosidase was 29 - 55 percent (Table 1). Bioactive compounds in the 8th fraction were identified: benzoic acid, Sabinene, Myrcene, Thymol, Nojigiku alcohol, Capillin, β Caryophyllene, Cis Spiroketalenolether, polyyne, Nerolidol, Chrysandiol, Clovane 2 β, 9 α diol, Santilline, β Caryophyllene, Cis Spiroketalenolether, polyyne, Nerolidol, Chrysandiol, Clovane 2 β, 9 α diol, Santamarine, β Caryophyllene, Cis Spiroketalenolether, polyyne, Nerolidol, Chrysandiol, Clovane 2 β, 9 α diol, Santamarine, β Caryophyllene, Cis Spiroketalenolether, polyyne, Nerolidol, Chrysandiol, Clovane 2 β, 9 α diol, Santamarine, CICICOLIC CIC Cikanol F, β Sitosterol (Table 2). The results indicated that from 8 fractions there was a significantly diffe

Keywords
bioactive, hexane extract, fraction, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4EXdG7UyTtfL

Corresponding Author
Titin Haryati

Institutions
1Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science,
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.
2Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology & Genetic Resources, Bogor, Indonesia.
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Computer,
Universitas Pertamina, Indonesia.

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of lipase as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis has several advantages compared to acid/base. Nowadays the study of biodiesel synthesis with lipase as catalyst usually uses commercial lipases, such as Novozyme®435 dan Lipozyme IM60. The problem with using lipase as a catalyst is a long catalysis time. Therefore high temperatures are needed for the reaction to proceed quickly. Industrial biodiesel requires thermostable lipase more. Therefore, application of local thermostable lipase in biodiesel synthesis is needed. The objective of this study is to find out the transesterification activity of recombinant thermostable lipase LK3 in biodiesel synthesis. The lipase used in this study is recombinant thermostable lipase which is over expressed on Escherichia coli BL321. A total of 900 uL (0.3 mg) LK3 lipase was added to 2 mL of oil. Biodiesel synthesis is conducted for 24 hours using palm oil and alcohol as substrates. The alcohol used was varied, i.e methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol. The molar ratio of oil:alcohol is 1:6 using 50% of n-hexane as solvent. The temperature of reaction was 550C. The content of FAMEs in the reaction mixture was analyzed using a GC-14B gas chromatograph equipped with an DB1 capillary column (0.25 mm×30 m) and an FID detector. The column temperature was set at 80°C for 0.5 min, raised to 200°C at 5°C/min and kept at this temperature for 20 min. The temperatures of the injector and detector were set at 200 and 210°C, respectively. The nonadecanoic acid (C19:0, Sigma) methyl ester at 2.0 mg/mL was used as the internal standard. The total yield from the biodiesel was finally calculated according to Elkady, et al. 2015. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The benefits of using lipase as biocatalysts are to produce clean products (biodiesel) and by-products (glycerol). Glycerol as by-products is easily separated through centrifugation process. Figure 1 shows the total biodiesel yield on alcohol variations as an acyl acceptor. Maximum biodiesel yield of 62% was obtained with ethanol as acyl acceptor group. Figure 1. Effect of alcohol variation on % biodiesel yield The results showed that alcohol as acyl acceptor group could directly impact on the efficiencies of enzymatic transesterification. Short alcohol gives bad effect to lipase conformation, but this result showed that LK3 lipase is ethanol tolerance. Therefore thermostable lipase LK3 is a potential catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The peak related to the ethyl ester showed in Figure 2. Figure 2. GC Spectra for Ethanol as Acyl acceptor Group. References Ã, N. D. (2008). Enzymatic production of biodiesel from canola oil using immobilized lipase. 32, 1274–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.005 Cesarini, S., Pastor, F. I. J., Nielsen, P. M., & Diaz, P. (2015). Moving towards a Competitive Fully Enzymatic Biodiesel Process. 7884–7903. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067884 Elkady, M. F., Zaatou

Keywords
Biocatalyst, Biodiesel, LK3 Lipase,Thermostable, Transesterification

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JE7aUBvgrcTH

Corresponding Author
SRI SUKARYANI

Institutions
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Abstract
The rice straw is compost head that common and easily obtained in Indonesia. It is very potential use as a forage alternative substitute for the fresh forage. However, rice straw as forage has a limiting factor in it is use as forage. The limiting factor of rice straw is the low content of the crude protein, high content of crude fiber, lignin, cellulose and silica. The efforts to overcome the limiting factors that exist in rice straw, an alternative efforts that can be done are to provide the treatment of immersion in a solution of alkaline (lime), and the process of the rice straw fermentation by using inukulum microbial selulitik and lignoselulitik (Trichoderma sp and Aspergillus sp. ). The research method is experimental, with four kinds of treatment and repeated in five times. The design that uses RAL unidirectional pattern and if there are differences among treatments carried out a further test with DMRT (level 1% and 5%). These treatments are T0: the rice straw without fermented; T1: the rice straw that is fermented with Aspergillus niger; T2: the rice straw that is fermented with Trichoderma sp; T3: the rice straw that is fermented with a combination of microorganisms as Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results showed that the rice straw fermentation with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma mutants AA1 very significantly increase the content of cellulose and lower lignin content. The highest cellulose achieved by T3 (20.297%) followed by T2 (18.191%), T1 (17.712%) and T0 (16.747%). While the lowest content of lignin achieved by T3 (14.793%), followed T2 (26.063%), T1 (26.421%) and T0 (38.164%) The conclusion of this study were 1) fermentation of the rice straw can increase the content of cellulose and lower lignin content, 2 ) a combination of two different kinds of fungus (Aspergillusniger and Trichoderma) on the rice straw fermentation results cellulose content highest and lowest lignin content.

Keywords
aspergillusniger, cellulos, lignin, trichoderma

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KwWnMehPQERF

Corresponding Author
Afifa Husna

Institutions
National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

Abstract
Background: Clostridium acetobutylicum is an anaerobic Gram negative bacterium known to have the ability to degrade and utilize hemicellulose as a substrate for its metabolism. In order to use carbon source other than sugar, this bacteria harbor some glycosyl hydrolase enzymes as secondary metabolites. One of the enzymes is xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase) which can breakdown xylan. In industry, this enzyme could be used to produce many kind of xylan derivatives, such as xylooligosaccharides, which has high economical value. Aims: Therefore, the aim of this study is to clone xylanase gene and identify the ability of the expressed xylanase from Clostridium acetobutylicum to breakdown any kind of xylan sources. Material and Methods: Xylanase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cloned into pET 21a(+) expression vector, and then the constructs was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 competent cells by heat shock. Protein expression was induced by the addition of 0.5 mM IPTG for 4 hours. The expressed recombinant protein was identified using SDS-PAGE and its activity towards various kind of substrates. Results: PCR amplification result showed that recombinant xylanase gene from C. acetobutylicum has 1371 bp and encodes 456 amino acids protein. BLAST analysis result showed that the recombinant gene has catalytic site and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 43. SDS-PAGE was then carried out to confirm the expression of the cloned gene and production of an approximately 42 kDa protein was confirmed from the cloned gene. However, the ability of the expressed protein to degrade any kind of xylan sources needs to be further evaluated. Conclusion: Xylanase gene from C. acetobutylicum was successfully cloned and expressed, resulted in approximately 42 kDa recombinant protein, but its activity to breakdown xylan substrates needs to be further investigated.

Keywords
Cloning, Clostridium acetobutylicum, overexpression, xylanase

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YVxCaQA7d6w3

Corresponding Author
DAMAT DAMAT

Institutions
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Background: In Indonesia, people with degenerative diseases continue to increase. One way to eliminate this problem is to consume lots of foods rich in fiber and rich in antioxidants. One type of food that has the potential to be developed is functional analog rice. Aims: This research was conducted with the aim to determine the physico-chemical properties of functional analog rice from arrowroot starch and red dragon fruit extract and carrot extract. Materials and Methods: This study uses the Nested design. Factor I, a source of antioxidants, which consists of red dragon fruit extract and carrot extract, while Factor II is the concentration of fruit extract, which consists of 3 levels, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The analysis variables included analysis of carbohydrate content, water content, protein content, fat content, ash content, antioxidant activity, total carotene, color intensity, cooking time, and sensory test. Results: The results of this study showed that the source of antioxidants and the percentage of antioxidant sources had an effect on ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, total calories, antioxidant activity, total carotene, rice brightness, redness, yellowish, cooking time, antioxidant activity, and total carotene rice. Analog rice with the addition of 15% dragon fruit extract has the highest antioxidant activity, which is equal to 14.09%, while the highest carotene content is obtained from analog rice with the addition of 15% carrot extract, which is equal to 0.11 mg/100 g. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the addition of carrot fruit extract and dragon fruit extract affects the functional properties of analog rice

Keywords
analog rice, arrowroot starch, antioxidants, carotene

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gQFnwJfyRLMj

Corresponding Author
Agustina Intan Tari

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo

Abstract
The purple sweet potato extract-supplemented synbiotic yogurt as a prebiotic and Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13 isolated from buttermilk as a probiotic offers the potential as a functional food, in spite of its storage in low temperature. A freeze-drying technique requires a cryoprotectant as a protective agent for dairy products such as yogurt. The research aimed to determine the proper sucrose concentration as a cryoprotectant to obtain the chemical properties and the viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum. It adopted a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by including sucrose in various concentrations from 0%, 2.5%, 5% to 7.5% through three replications.The results signified that various sucrose concentrations significantly affected the yields of the purple sweet potato extract-supplemented synbiotic yogurt, reduction-sugar level, the total of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), and the total of Lactobacillus plantarum before and after the freeze-drying process, however, indicated no significant impact on the moisture content and total quantity of LAB. The best treatment to the synbiotic yogurt was induced through the addition of sucrose with a concentration of 5% as a cryoprotectant. The treatment signified the following characteristics: a 14.797% of yields, a 7.51% of water content, a 14.59% of reduction-sugar level, a 1.98x109 CFU/ml of total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) before the freeze-drying and a 9.28x108 CFU/ml after the freeze-drying, a 8.23x108 CFU/ml of total Lactobacillus plantarum before the freeze-drying and a 6.81x108 CFU/ml after the freeze-drying.

Keywords
synbiotic yogurt, freeze-dried, chemistry, starter viability

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aKRJUcEq34nM

Corresponding Author
Retno Widyastuti

Institutions
(a) Agricultural Product Technology, University Veteran Bangun Nusantara, Indonesia
(b) Agricultural Product Technology, 17 Agustus 1945 University, Indonesia

Abstract
Extraction of bioactive components in rice bran is influenced by several factors, one of them is the type of solvent used. The rice bran var. IR-64 samples were obtained from Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia. The aims of this research are to know the difference of antioxidant activity by defatted and non defatted treatment and to know the optimum temperature extraction of bioactive component in rice bran. The first step treatment is defatted rice bran extraction with using N-hexane and non defatted using ethanol 96% solvent. The advance step is non defatted treat used the temperature variation of ethanol 96% solvent. The temperature treatment used were 500C and 700C. The rice bran extract obtained will be analyzed yield, total phenol content using the folin ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity test carried out by the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results of the first stage research in non-defatted and defatted treatments showed that the antioxidant levels of rice bran extract did not significantly. Then the research continued to advanced treatment with variation of the temperature of ethanol 96% in the non defatted treatment. The results show that temperature treatment can increase significantly antioxidant activity in rice bran extract. The yield obtained in the non-defatted treatment was 17.27% with antioxidant activity of 62.52% and phenol content of 15.53 mg GAE/g. While the yield on the defatted treatment showed a result of 0.48% with an antioxidant activity of 69.97% and a phenol level of 5.334 mg GAE/g. Non-defatted treatments with temperature variations of 500C and 700C with 96% ethanol solvent obtained yields respectively 9,901 % and 7,934 % with antioxidant activity 82,086 % and 77,515 % and phenol content of 9,407 mg GAE/g and 5,938 mg GAE/g. The temperature in the extraction process affects the antioxidant activity of rice bran extract

Keywords
Antioxidant activity, defatted, rice bran, solvent temperature

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bEuH6AP9gX27

Corresponding Author
Lili Zalizar

Institutions
a) Animal Science Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Raya Tlogomas, Malang, East Java, INDONESIA
*lilizalizar62[at]gmail.com
b) Student of Animal Science Dept, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Raya Tlogomas, Malang, East Java, INDONESIA

Abstract
Fasciolosis is a disease caused by Fasciola gigantica or Fasciola hepatica that infected ruminants and caused liver damaged and loss of productivity. This research aimed to understand cases of Fasciolosis in slaughter house at Batu and Pujon, East Java, Indonesia which include 50 samples in each region from various type of livestock conducted from February to March 2019 (2 months). Observation of liver flukes was conducted by liver organ necropsy, Fasciola worm counts, and liver organ changes (fibrosis) including the weight of damaged and discarded liver. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results showed that average percentage of cattle infected by Fasciola from Limousin type, Simmental, Ongole cattle breeds (PO), and FH cows breeds (PFH) were 35.94%; 58.33%; 30.95%; and 58.33% consecutively. Average number of Fasciola worm observed in each type of cattle/cows were 105 in Limousin, 49 in Simmental, 27 in PO, and 129 in PFH. Meanwhile liver fibrosis score average in Limousin, Simmental, PO, and PFH type were 1.48; 1.89; 1.33; and 1.75. Average percentage of liver damaged that were discarded in Limousin, Simmental, PO, and PFH were 11.77%; 14.19%; 4.84%; 20.95% consecutively. It is suspected that different types of livestock affect the susceptibility to Fasciola infection. There are indications that Limousin cattle are more tolerant of liverworm infections.

Keywords
Breed of cattle/cows;Fasciola; Fasciolosis; Fibrosis

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zZMnATvR6Wa2

Corresponding Author
Weny Nailul Hidayati

Institutions
1 Magister Biotechnology, University of Jember, Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Indonesia
2Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center for Development of Advanced Sciences and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember, Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Indonesia
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jember University,
Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: SCMV (Sugarcane Mosaic Virus) is a disease that cause reduction in growth and productivity of sugarcane. Infection of SCMV show yellowish spots symptomatic sugarcane leaves that indicates a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll. Infection by the virus causes chloroplast damage, decreased photosynthesis and a sugar productivity loss of approximately 20–50% [1, 2]. Aims : to compare resistences of transgenic sugarcane derived from PDR and RNAi method against artificial infection of SCMV Materials and Methods: the experiment was conducted by cultivation of PDR and RNAi-transgenic sugarcane in green house for 3 weeks. Artificial inoculation of SCMV was performed on the leaves of 3 weeks transgenic sugarcane. The resistences of transgenic sugarcane against SCMV infection were observed by the presence of yellowish spot and by analysis of RT-PCR and western blot. Results: One of the efforts to overcome the SCMV infection is the development of resistance against SCMV through genetic transformation. The transgenic sugarcane resistant to SCMV was successfully developed by Pathogen Derived Resistence (PDR) and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches using coat protein mediated resistances. Both of these techniques have the ability to suppress virus infection, but there is no study on their effectiveness. In this study, the transgenic sugarcane were grown and treated with SCMV inoculation test to determine and compare the resistances. The symptomatic observation and molecular analysis such as PCR, Western blot and RT-PCR were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the transgenic sugarcane. The PCR analysis confirmed that the transgenic sugarcane were genetically stable inserted by the targeted coat protein DNA at ± 700bp. The level of expression of coat protein genes was analyzed using Western blot and showed the results of protein size ± 30 Kda. Conclusions:Artificial inoculation using SCMV virus sap fluid showed that non-transgenic sugarcane have yellowish spots symptoms on the leaves, while transgenic sugarcane did not show the symptoms. This results showed that transgenic sugarcane developed by PDR and RNAi methods inhibit the replication of the SCMV virus when it is infected. References 1. Putra LK, Kristini A, Achadian EM, Damayanti TA (2014) Sugarcane streak mosaic virus in Indonesia: distribution, characterisation, yield losses and management approaches. Sugar Tech 16:392–399. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1235 5-013-0279-9 2. Akbar S, Tahir M, Wang M-B, Liu Q (2017) Expression analysis of hairpin RNA carrying sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) derived sequences and transgenic resistance development in a model rice plant. BioMed Res Int. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/16461 40

Keywords
PDR, RNAi, Sugarcane Mosaic Virus, resistances, artificial inoculation.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bThe2ruAR39j

Corresponding Author
Kiman Siregar

Institutions
1. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syiah Kuala University and Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN), Indonesia
2. Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, and Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN), Indonesia
3. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
4. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
5. Department of Agricultural Industry Technology, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia

Abstract
Life cycle assessment are method to analyse the environmental impact that consist of four main activities: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. The application of life cycle in palm oil Industry are very important and already conducted by many researchers. However, the most difficult task in life cycle assessment are the life cycle inventory. In this research, we proposed the software to support the life cycle inventory in palm oil production. The result of the study was the conceptual design of the life cycle inventory software.

Keywords
Life cycle inventory, software, life cycle assessment, oil palm, Indonesia

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fyKmAhtduWJT

Corresponding Author
Gregorius Prima Indra Budianto

Institutions
(1) Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Setia Budi University, Jalan Let Jend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta, Indonesia
*email: gregoriusprima2[at]gmail.com
(2) Analyze Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Setia Budi University, Jalan Let Jend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta, Indonesia
(3) Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
Vinasse is ethanol wastewater that still contains nutrient so that it can be medium cultivation for chlorella sp. Cultivation chlorella sp. in vinasse not only for minimize its COD content but potentially to produce PHB in limited nutrient. This paper presents a cultivation process of chlorella sp in vinasse on various limited nutrient. Chlorella sp was cultivated in vinasse by adding complete nutrient (urea and TSP); adding TSP in vinasse (limited N) and adding urea in vinasse (limited P). Experiment data was optimized by mathematical model to compare the difference of limited nutrient systematically. The study confirmed that the best condition of medium of microalgae cultivation to minimize COD content in vinasse by addition phosphate into reactor. However, PHB could be best accumulated in the cell on limited phosphate medium.

Keywords
chlorella sp., nutrient, vinasse, PHB

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ALrVnCXPuQHy

Corresponding Author
Hany Handajani

Institutions
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia

Abstract
International Conference on Bioenergy and Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Technology (ICON-BEAT) 2019 Malang, Indonesia, November 7th, 2019 Degradation of Phorbol Esters Present in Jatropha curcas Seed by Biologically Detoxification Hany Handajani*1, Soni Andriawan1, Riza Rahman Hakim1, Ganjar Adhywirawan1 1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia (Email: handajani@umm.ac.id, soniandriawan@umm.ac.id, riza.umm@gmail.com, ganjar@umm.ac.id) Abstract. The application of fermentation is one of ancient methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory could be focused as nutrient replacement in feed fish which is known its nutrient from soybean meal or fish meal. In other hand, J. curcas redidual possesses a toxic compound as well. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Aspergilus niger on the nutrition and toxic content of J. curcas as potential ingredient of fish feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3, 5 and 7 days. Crude protein content crude fat content, crude fiber content was assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post-fermentation while phorbol ester content was evaluated to toxic content post-detoxification. The results showed that crude protein content and crude fat content was highest on day 7 post-fermentation but it was no significant difference (p<0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the day 3 fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, three days fermentation showed better result than control group (p<0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter fungi to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 day fermentation. INTRODUCTION Feed is one of the factors that influence the growth of farmed fish. Intensive cultivation relying on commercial feed. Sources of protein in the diet comes from animal protein and vegetable protein. The main source of vegetable protein feed that is generally used is soy flour. Value of soy protein which is 34.39% . According Ardiansyah (2011), that the use of soy flour in commercial diets ranged between 10-25%. However, soybean prices are high now and still be imported. According to the Ministry of Commerce (2014), that the price of imported soybean in Indonesia, namely 11.342 rupiah / kg. The increase in soybean prices have resulted in increased price of commercial feed. It is not followed by the price of fish, affecting the sustainability of fish farming in Indonesia. One alternative to reduce the use of soy flour that is take advantage of other feed ingredients such as Jatropha Seed Cake. Availability of jatropha seed meal in Indonesia is very abundant due to increased production of castor oil as an energy source instead of petroleum. One ton of dry

Keywords
Aspergilus niger, nutrient content, toxic compound, seed Jatropha curcas residual.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BDRuktHMYh8r

Corresponding Author
Herry Susanto

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Darma Persada, INDONESIA

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hebel brick or lightweight brick is a type of building material replacement for red brick, has a light weight compared to other bricks. Because of its various advantages, hebel bricks are increasingly sought after and in demand, especially by housing developers. Hebel brick is used as the main foundation in making the walls of the house. This is because hebel bricks are economical, lightweight, efficient and fast enough to be used in the construction of housing projects, apartments, hotels and other property projects. One of the materials used in making hebel bricks is sand. The water content of the sand used will affect the quality of the hebel bricks made. The less water content in the sand, the better the quality of hebel bricks will be made. To get sand with a little water content, it is necessary to do the drying process. And this fast drying process is carried out using a rotary dryer machine with a heat source for drying it from biomass energy. Therefore, this rotary dryer machine is designed to meet the need for dry sand with little water content. This rotary dryer machine is made by calculating the capacity of the dried material, rotary dryer rotation, the distance of moving material in the rotary dryer, the travel time of materials starting from entering to exiting, the motor power needed to rotate the rotary dryer wall and how much heat is needed to dry the sand. And from these calculations can be analyzed the performance of this rotary dryer machine, to determine the suitability between design calculations and test results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This rotary dryer machine is made to dry sand as raw material in making hebel bricks. This machine is designed for a capacity of 2 tons/hour. This rotary dryer machine has a length of 4,631 mm, width of 2,238 mm and height of 2,655 mm. The components in this rotary dryer machine, including: rotary dryer shell, inlet hopper, outlet hopper, base frame, gear motor, sprocket, and biomass furnace. The design of this rotary dryer machine is shown in Figure 1 below: Figure 1. Rotary Dryer Design. Keywords: Hebel brick, Dry sand, Drying, Rotary Dryer, Biomass Energy, Heat. References 1. Hussain T., Shamraiz M., and Abrar S.U., Effect of Temperature And Vacuum on The Drying Rate And Various Parameters of Wood Samples, Using an Indigenously Designed And Developed Vacuum Drying System. (International Journal of Technology (2016) 5: 795-809). 2. Latifah A., Aulawi H., and Ramdhani M.A., Design of the automatic shoe dryer. (MATEC Web of Conferences 197, 11009 (2018)). 3. Atnaw S.M., Faizal C.K.M., Oumer A.J., Development of Solar Biomass Drying System. (MATEC Web of Conferences 97, 01081 (2017)). 4. Kirar D.S., Bhadoria H.S.., Pandey R., Configuration and Development of a Solar Cloth Dryer. (MATEC Web of Conferences 57, 01019 (2016)). 5. Kirar D.S., Bhadoria H.S.., Pandey R., Configuration and Development of a Solar Cloth Dryer. (MATEC Web of Conference

Keywords
Hebel brick, Dry sand, Drying, Rotary Dryer, Biomass Energy, Heat.

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/L37xaM6JhvFn

Corresponding Author
Bambang Retnoaji

Institutions
Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yoyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Water pollution by laundry detergents is a big concern, that can cause a variety of water pollution problems. Rasbora lateristriata is one of Indonesian endemic fish, which is very popular among people. Until recently, the reproduction proccesses of the fish occurs ini the rivers. The release of detergent from loundry tot he river is increasing recently. Therefore, this condition is possible leading to disturbtion of fish reproduction. The study was conducted to determine the effect of detergents on eggs hatchability, survival rates, morphometry and bone structure of wader fish. The fish were treated with detergent solution, with concentration of 0, 3, 6, and 9 ppm. Each test consists of 1 aquarium filled with 30 eggs. Eggs were hatched in detergent solution then calculated hatchability and survival rates for 1.5 months. The morphological characters observed were morphometry using ImageJ software. Bone structure preparations were made using specimens fixed with 96% alcohol then stained with the Alizarins Red-Alcian Blue staining method (Inouye, 1976). In each treatment 0, 3, 6, 9 ppm the percentage of egg hatchability was 96.67%; 95.56%; 96.67%; 96.67%. The percentage of survival rates is 90.84%; 88.34%; 83.81%; 87.55%. Morphometry of total body length of 4.45 cm; 4.24 cm; 4.37 cm; 4.33 cm. ANAVA test results on hatchability, survival rates, and morphometry showed no difference in all treatments (P> 0.05). The bone structure of the ray wader vertebrae is 31. The vertebral arch on the treatment is 0, 3, 6 ppm normal, while at 9 ppm there is showing abnormal tendency. It was concluded that ray wader fish can still tolerate detergents up to 9 ppm.

Keywords
Detergent, Hatchability, Morphometry, Bone Structure, R. lateristriata

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/v6JZYFQ2rEnt

Corresponding Author
Agus Yuniawan Isyanto

Institutions
1,2,3 Agribusiness Department, Universitas Galuh, INDONESIA
Jl. RE Martadinata No. 150 Ciamis 46274
*gusyun69[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Swamp land is a marginal land so rice farming in swamps has a relatively high risk related to the level of technical efficiency achieved. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the level of technical efficiency and the factors that influence technical inefficiency in swamp rice farming in Lakbok Subdistrict, Ciamis District. The sample size of 41 farmers taken using simple random sampling. The analysis was carried out using a stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the average level of technical efficiency was 0.78. Education and family size have a significant effect on technical inefficiency

Keywords
Rice farming, swamp land, technical efficiency, technical inefficiency

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YatdjmzfMXEq

Corresponding Author
Ari Prima

Institutions
a) Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl Raya Tlogomas 246, Malang 65144, Indonesia
*ariprima[at]umm.ac.id
b)Animal Science Department, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Dipengoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

Abstract
This study was aimed determine the ratio of crude protein (CP) per total digestibility of nutrients (TDN) intake or CP/TDN intake to body weight gain, emissions of nitrogen and methane in lambs. 30 male Thin-tailed lambs aged 3-4 months with body weights 13.69 ± 2.43 kg (CV = 5.89%) were used in this study. The intake of CP (g) and TDN (g) were obtained from the percentage (%) CP and (%) TDN of each animal. The CP of feed ranges from 14-18% and TDN ranges from 60-70%. Then CP intake was divided by TDN intake (CP/TDN). The relationship between CP/TDN intake and average daily gain (ADG), meat production, nitrogen emissions (N), nitrogen oxide emissions (N2O) and methane gas emissions (CH4) were analyzed using correlation analysis. The number of CP/TDN intake has a strong correlation with ADG, but the CP/TDN intake with. The number of CP/TDN intake with N emissions has a moderate correlation, but the CP/TDN intake with N2O emissions has a strong correlation, while the CP/TDN with CH4 emissions has a weak correlation. The ratio of CP/TDN intake that can be given was in the range of 0.23 - 0.29.

Keywords
Lambs, protein energy ratio, nitrogen and methane emissions

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6wTWNyk9XQ7e

Corresponding Author
Galit Gatut Prakosa

Institutions
Departement of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Bamboo in Indonesia is already known as one of the building construction materials. In Indonesia, bamboo plants are a potential and abundant source of raw materials, although they are still uncultivated. Various types of bamboo grow and are spread almost all over the country. Bamboo is very likely to be developed in making charcoal, because bamboo is a fast growing plant, it can be maintained. Same as wood charcoal, bamboo charcoal is a microporous material that has a very good absorption (adsorption) for a specific surface area. This research was conducted to develop the opportunity of bamboo to become a provider of renewable energy. This research was carried out experimentally where the manufacture of bamboo charcoal briquettes would be an alternative energy supply. In the manufacture of charcoal briquettes used materials from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and Apus Bamboo (Gigantochloa Apus). Percentage of adhesives used in making briquettes is 5%, 10%, and 15%. Briquettes that have been made are used as an alternative energy supply. Testing the energy produced by briquettes using a prototype steam power device. The results of the study showed that the water content value of petung bamboo ranged from 6.1 to 6.9%, whereas for apus bamboo the higher water content was obtained, which was 8.4-10.7%. Testing of combustion rate aims to determine the fuel efficient rate of briquettes. The burning rate of charcoal briquettes for petung bamboo ranges from 0.25-0.32 grams / minute, whereas for apus bamboo the burning rate ranges from 0.23-0.29 grams / minute. Testing of briquettes on a prototype steam engine to determine the feasibility of briquettes as an alternative energy provider. Briquette fuel can produce electricity up to 4.1 volts and last for approximately 29 minutes. Background: Bamboo as a natural material that is relatively inexpensive and easily available. Bamboo is a potential and abundant source of raw materials in Indonesia. The use of fossil fuels triggers an increase in the rate of environmental destruction and pollution. This phenomenon raises a thought about the use of alternative energy that is clean and environmentally friendly. Several types of alternative energy sources that can be developed include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy. This research was conducted to provide renewable energy whose raw material is from bamboo as an alternative electric fuel. Aims: Research to find out the opportunities for using bamboo as a renewable alternative energy provider. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out for 2 months, material data collection, sample making and prototype of the steam engine were carried out in Turen sub-district, Malang Regency. In the manufacture of charcoal briquettes used materials from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and Apus Bamboo (Gigantochloa Apus). Data collection and testing of charcoal briquettes was conducted in the forestry laboratory of the University of Muhammadi

Keywords
apus bamboo, briquettes, burning rate, moisture content, petung bamboo

Topic
Bioenergy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YrKmMDXgRfQ9

Corresponding Author
Miftahul Ajri

Institutions
Plant Pest Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) can attack garlic and cause distortion and yellowing of leaves and necrosis or rotting of bulbs. The existence of D. dipsaci was first reported in Temanggung, Central Java in 2018. This study aims to determine the distribution area of Ditylenchus spp. on garlic crops in Central and East Java. Samples of garlic crops were taken by purposive sampling method. Nematodes were extracted from bulbs and roots by water immersion method. Ditylenchus sp. found in the center of garlic crops in Magelang, Temanggung, Karanganyar, Tegal and Brebes (Central Java) and Mojokerto and Malang (East Java). The highest population of Ditylenchus sp. was found in Kaliangkrik, Magelang, Central Java (52,53 nematodes/5 gr bulbs) and Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java (45,73 nematodes/5 gr bulbs). The infested varieties of garlic were Lumbu Kuning, Lumbu Hijau, Tawangmangu Baru dan Sangga Sembalun. Lumbu Kuning was the variety with the highest nematode population (24,30 nematodes/5 gr bulbs). Ditylenchus sp. was not found in Tawangmangu Baru and Lumbu Kuning varieties in Karanganyar, but was found in the same variety in Magelang and Tegal. Based on the specific symptoms, morphological and morphometric characters, the nematode species found that infects garlic is Ditylenchus dipsaci.

Keywords
distribution, Ditylenchus spp., Garlic

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tLB38edUj79W

Corresponding Author
Rohmad Budiono

Institutions
Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology

Abstract
Background: Organic fertilizer technology is growing rapidly today. This development is a result of the impact of the use of chemical fertilizers that cause various problems, namely damage to the ecosystem, decreased soil fertility, health problems, to the problem of farmers &

Keywords
fertilizer, organic, lowland rice.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QZap7eTgbVwJ