Feed Resources, Feeding System Innovations for The Sustainable Livestock Production Metha Wanapat
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Abstract
Abstract. Many contributable factors have combined impacts on the efficient productivity of livestock raised under the integrated-farming system. The roles of livestock are far precious to assess, not only socio-economically but utmost importantly, is the close engagement with the well-being and their livelihood associated with any livestock production systems, for the rural farmers, as shown in the global scenario. Engagement and processes involved by stakeholders especially the farmers or producers are mandatorily required for the smart paradigms to ensure for the production efficiency. As the global population is climbing to reach about 8.5 and 10 billion in the years 2030 and 2050, respectively, more protein foods and products are urgently required to meet the consumption demand. Remarkable increases of meat, milk and egg consumptions are anticipated to be at least 70% of the current amount. Feed resources both conventionally and unconventionally, available seasonally, especially roughages and those of agricultural crop-residues are important in the feeding systems. Their quantity and quality will greatly impact on the livestock production. Feeding system innovations encompassing type of feeds, nutritive values, level of use, processing technology, as well as feeding practices to ensure the production efficiency profitability and the sustainability are required for implementations. Such an approach, the food-feed-system (FFS) has been potentially demonstrated to support the livestock system. Improving and processing of feeds for seasonal shortage of some leguminous feeds could be successfully exploited and intervened. Furthermore, innovations to provide the rumen microbiomes for the efficient fermentation to support meat and milk production warrant more practical pursuits. Improvements of capacity building along with human resource development associated with livestock production are necessarily required.
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