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This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of realistic mathematics approach towards student mathematics problem solving ability; (2) the effect of self-efficacy towards student mathematics problem solving ability; (3) the interaction between realistic mathematics approach and self-efficacy towards student mathematics problem solving ability. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The population research are students of class V-A,V-B and V-C Gracia Sustain Private Elementary School. The sample in this research is class V-A as the control class that consist of 30 students which were taught using the conventional approach and for class V-B for the experimental class which were taught using realistic mathematics approach. The instruments used were: (1) mathematics problem solving test, that was essay test; (2) self-efficacy questionnaire sheet. These instruments had fulfilled the terms of validity and reliability coefficient. The findings of the research showed that: (1) there are effect of realistic mathematics approach towards student mathematics problem solving ability. It is shown by the mathematics problem solving outcomes of students who received the realistic mathematics approach got mean score as 78,37 while the mathematics problem solving outcomes of student who received the conventional approach got mean score as 67,70; (2) based on the results of data calculations can be seen that the mathematics problem solving ability on students who has high self-efficacy got mean score as 79,38 while the mathematics problem solving ability on students who has low self-efficacy got the mean score as 64,18; and (3) the hypothesis result testing showed that there is no interaction between of the use of realistic mathematics approach and self-efficacy towards students mathematics problem solving ability.