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This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in the Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Hospital in 2015. This type of research is quantitative analytic with the type of study case study design non mmatching. Pupulasi is all babies born at Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru Hospital in 2015. Cases are babies born with a weight <2500 and controls are babies born over> 2500 gr. The sample was 1,680 people, namely the case of 182 infants and control of 182 infants taken by random sampling. Data analysis was carried out in univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results of this study found that the most related variables were maternal education (OR: 1,693; 95% CI: 1108-2,586), birth distance (OR: 1,586: 95% CI: 1,027-2,450) and anemia (OR: 1,540: CI 95%: 1,002-2,368). From these results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal education, birth distance and anemia with the occurrence of late. Health workers and related agencies are more active in providing IEC counseling and mothers are more active in finding information about LBW.