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The Purpose of this research is to analyze: (1) the increase in students mathematics critical thinking ability using problem based learning higher than students mathematics critical thinking ability using regular learning, (2) the increase in students self efficacy using problem based learning higher than students self efficacy using regular learning, (3) interaction between students mathematics ability (high, medium, low) and learning to increase students mathematics critical thinking ability, (4) interaction between students mathematics ability (high, medium, low) and learning to increase students self efficacy. This type of research is a quasi experimental research. The population of this research is all students in Junior High School of Dwitunggal Tanjung Morawa. Then students in VII-1 is choosen as the experimental class and students in class VII-2 is choosen as a control class by using purposive sampling technique. The data in this study were analyzed using Two Ways ANOVA and Scheffe Method. The result of this research are: (1) The increasing of students mathematics critical thinking ability using problem based learning is higher than regular learning; (2) The increasing of students self efficacy using problem based learning is higher than regular learning; (3) There is no interaction between mathematical prerequisite ability and learning on students mathematics critical thinking ability; (4) There is no interaction between mathematical prerequisite ability and learning on students self efficacy.