Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Rahmat Hidayah Alineng

Institutions
a) Indonesian Center for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP),
Jl. Ganesha no. 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

b) Theoretical Physics Laboratory, Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Research Group,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jl. Ganesha no. 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
* rahmathidayaha[at]students.itb.ac.id

Abstract
We have calculated a variation of Einstein-Hilbert action which modifying TEGR (f(T)), and include a derivative coupling of the scalar field to torsion. Its results are the gravitation field equation containing the torsion scalar and the Klein-Gordon scalar field equation. By these equations, applied the D-dimensional metric ansatz with a general geometry, hence we acquire the equation master which leads to all other unknown functions. This follows that there is no a exact black hole solution, and the general solution which is linearized in an asymptotic region is in the tangential form.

Keywords
Scalar Torsion, Equation Master, Asymptotic Solution.

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fGRYLUqnKNZw

Corresponding Author
Reny Reny

Institutions
Modeling and Inversion Laboratory,
Physics of Earth and Complex Systems,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology,
Jalan Ganesha Street number 10 Bandung, Indonesia, 40132

Abstract
The distribution of the volcanoes in indonesia gives positive impacts in the form of fertile land where many residents live to grow crops. Besides having positive impacts, there are also negative impacts in the form of natural disasters. Improvement in mitigation of natural disasters is needed to avoid any form of harm and undesired losses. Information on the accuracy of earthquake parameters is an important part of natural disaster mitigation efforts. Hypocenter relocation of earthquakes is a step to improve the accuracy of earthquake parameter information. The relocation of hypocenters earthquake is performed using the Coupled Velocity-Hypocenter method. The research area is Gede volcano which is included as type A active volcanoes. The data were processed using GAD and VELEST 3.3 software resulted in epicenters that were spread around Gede and Pangrango volcanoes. The hypocentre were distributed between -2.5 ‒ 5.2 km depths based on GAD calculated. After relocation using VELEST 3.3, they were distributed between 1.0 ‒ 10.5 km depth. The calculated. The calculated magnitudes of volcanic earthquakes occurred in December 2017 vary between 0.6 to 2.7. the difference between the initial and final velocity models is small. After station correction step, the velocity profiles beneath the most of station is indicated as sedimentary layers, and beneath of the peak station, it is indicated as instrusive rocks.

Keywords
Volcano, hypocenter, epicenter, method, GAD, correction, station, and Coupled Velocity-Hypocenter

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jBhRFybmcgw7

Corresponding Author
Yanti Yulianti

Institutions
Department of Physics University of Lampung
Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1 Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Abstract
This paper will present solving coolant dynamics using Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for single heated channel. Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using finite difference, finite element or finite volume has been widely used for solving coolant dynamics. However, two-phase coolant flow such as Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) case has accurate model challenge. LBM is an alternative way to solve transient coolant flow. Simulation was done for D1Q2, D2Q3, D2Q4 and D2Q5.

Keywords
Lattice Boltzman; Fluid Dynamics; Heated Channel; Transient Analysis

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XTJxLMZ4zyqf

Corresponding Author
Fakhri Rahadian Budi

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
Seismic method has been used as a non-destructive alternative in geotechnical testing. Through this test, several geotechnical parameters can be determined, while mantaining low costs, time and environmental impact. However, seismic wave sensors that are commonly used (geophone), are usually expensive and heavy. Since 2004, there have been several research that develop and prove the capabilities of MEMS accelerometers as cheaper and lighter seismic wave sensors. This study aims to develop a seismic wave sensor based on the MEMS ADXL335 accelerometer, calibrate its frequency response, and determine the field performance of the seismic wave sensor. The frequency response calibration is done in the range of 10-100 Hz, and will be presented as a plot of sensitivity to frequency. A subwoofer was used to simulate sinusoidal movement on a tested accelerometer with a controlled frequency, and on a 10 Hz traditional geophone as a reference. Geophone’s maximum signal gives maximum velocity of the sinusoidal movement, thus by utilizing simple harmonic oscillation equation, maximum acceleration of sinusoidal movement (and later MEMS accelerometer’s sensitivity) could be acquired. High resolution oscilloscope was used on to record MEMS accelerometer and reference geophone output signal during frequency response test. Field test was done using three identical accelerometers with ±40 cm spacing, using sledgehammer to generate seismic wave and 16-bit seismograph to record detected ground vibration. Frequency response calibration shows relatively constant responses 10 – 100 range (±3 dB tolerance towards static sensitivity), proving MEMS accelerometer’s wide bandwidth and superiority in measuring low frequency vibrations. Field test shows accelerometer’s ability to smoothly integrate with a seismograph and detect surface wave in field setting.

Keywords
ADXL335, Calibration, Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer, Field test, Frequency response, Seismic sensors

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FpkYJVx7fwBv

Corresponding Author
Mirda Prisma Wijayanto

Institutions
a) Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*mirda.prisma.wijayanto[at]students.itb.ac.id
b) Indonesian Center for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
The goal of this research is to proof the wellposedness of scalar field equation on spatially compact spacetime Riemannian manifold. The first step of this work is to construct the equation of motion from lagrangian of scalar field with non-minimal coupling, where the coupling interaction of the scalar field $varphi$ is proportional to the scalar curvature of the spacetime. The equation of motion has the form like non-linear wave equation. The next step is to proof local existence of solutions. We have show that both the $k^{th}$ linear energy and energy norm are bounded for the finite time with the initial data in $H^{k+1} imes H^k$. Finally, we have prove the uniqueness and smoothness properties of the solution.

Keywords
Local Existence Solution, Scalar Field Equations, Complete Riemannian Manifold

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZNUc8GdFrBb7

Corresponding Author
Imam Ghazali Yasmint

Institutions
1Nuclear Physics Laboratory,
Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology,
Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, Indonesia, 40132

2Environmental Laboratory,
Subs-section of Environmental Safety, Radioecology Section
Center for Technology of Safety and Radiation Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia,
Lebak Bulus Raya No.49 Jakarta, Indonesia, 12440

Abstract
Apart from nuclear reactors, natural radiation sources contribute to the radiation received by humans. One of them is internal radiation due to the process of entry of food into the human body. There are some food ingredients that naturally emit natural radiation such as meat, milk, etc. West Java is one of the biggest cows milk producers in Indonesia. Therefore testing of cow’s milk produced is needed so that it can be seen how much natural radiation enters the human body from milk. In this study several milk samples were taken from a large farm in Lembang. The sample came from three different cowsheds. Then, it measured using an ORTEC gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector. Radionuclides observed in this study were K-40 and Ra-226. Based on measurement results, the natural radioactivity contained in cows milk is below the permissible standard and safe for consumption.

Keywords
Cow’s Milk Samples, Gamma Spectrometer, HPGe Detector, Natural Radiation

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gcLB6XxyKmUF

Corresponding Author
Adam Sukma Putra

Institutions
(a)Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bulaksumur, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
*adamsukmaputra[at]ugm.ac.id
(b)Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Multichannel seismic reflection data processing of line 250 at the Coast of Southern California has been done by using Echos®. The purpose of this research is to separate multiple reflections from the primary reflection. Multiple reflections yield dramatic effect especially on marine seismic survey. Multiple reflections in marine seismic data is the noise caused by waves that trapped in a layer of sea water or rock layers. One of geophysics exploration problem is removing multiple reflections from primary reflection. Multiple reflections often destructively interfere with the primary reflection making interpretation difficult, so it’s needed to get seismic section free from multiple reflections. There are some methods to attenuate the multiple reflections, one of them is Hyperbolic Radon transform. Hyperbolic Radon transform method works by transforming the data from time-offset domain into the Radon domain. Primary reflection and multiple reflections can be separated into Radon domain. In the end of this research, seismic section before and after multiple attenuation using hyperbolic Radon transform were compared. Based on the result of processing, it can be concluded that hyperbolic Radon transform is effective to attenuate multiple reflections at 0,24-1,25s TWT. But, it can eliminate some of data and makes seismic section seen unclear.

Keywords
Multiple; Radon Transformation; Seismic Processing; Marine seismic; California Coast

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/feRMwvjEDpJ8

Corresponding Author
Arung Bahari Muslim

Institutions
a)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
b)Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN),
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
c)3Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina,
Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta, 12220, Indonesia
*ferry[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Synthetic zeolite is one of materials that frequently use as a catalyst in aquathermolysis reaction for non conventional oil. The reason is because zeolite has pore structure, high selectivity, high stability, high specific area and has an acid Bronsted site. The mechanism of zeolite as a catalyst is by donating hydrogen from acid Bronsted site to the heteroatom (Sulfur,Nitrogen and Oxygen) bond in the non conventional crude oil which has been lysis in aquathermolysis reaction. However the hydrogen donor synthethic zeolite comes only from the acid Bronsted site. To improve the hydrogen donor in aquathermolysis reaction, we decided to cation exchanged the NaX by co-precipitation method. Cation exchanged process occurs by replacing the Na cation of the NaX with NH4, Therefore the amount hydrogen donor of the zeolite was increased for aquathermolysis reaction. The result of this research showed that NaX with 7 days of aging could increase the API Gravity heavy crude oil from 17 to 25. The composition samples and crystallinity of samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The increasing amount of API Gravity of the heavy crude oil also shows that the heavy crude oil after aquathermolysis using NaX has higher quality crude oil.

Keywords
Aquathermolysis; Cation Exchanged; Enhanced Oil Recovery; Non Conventional Oil; and Zeolite

Topic
Condensed Matter Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CMkvUL9dR4Yg

Corresponding Author
Cici Wulandari

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b) Nuclear Physics & Biophysics Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

*E-mail: awaris[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
An advanced nuclear reactor Generation IV, called MSR, has been developed with Thorium utilization for a sustainable energy system. In this paper, the reactor is designed with power operation of 250 MWt/100 MWe in five years without refueling. Fuel salt in the reactor is composed of a eutectic FLiBe, Thorium, and Plutonium, as a coolant, fertile, and fissile nuclide, respectively. Plutonium loaded is a weapon-grade which consist of 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 242Pu, and 241Am. Graphite is used as moderator; therefore, the reactor is operated in thermal energy range. The reactor design is calculated in neutronic terms with program code CITATION in SRAC 2006 with JENDL 4.0 as nuclear data library. The result shows some neutronic parameter changes with increasing Plutonium loaded. The utilization of Plutonium, in this case, is described as a capability of MSR in burning a high-level waste of nuclear and radioactive isotopes. This system can be dedicated to future cleaning energy production in a nuclear reactor.

Keywords
MSR; Neutronic design; SRAC;Thorium; Weapon Grade Plutonium

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/frXBULzjt7RN

Corresponding Author
Andrey Kosasih

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
(b) Nuclear Physics & Biophysics Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*awaris[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) is a block-type high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) developed by Japan. The HTTR is a graphite-moderated and helium-cooled HTGR with a thermal power of 30 MW and a maximum outlet temperature of 950°C. HTTR uses UO2 fuel with enrichment vary from 3,4% to 9,9%. Neutronic calculations are performed by PIJ and CITATION modules on SRAC2006 code system with JENDL-4.0 as the nuclear data library. In this study, two models are used for the cell-burnup calculations. Microscopic cell in the fuel compact is defined in model 1, whereas it is not defined in model 2. The core geometry used in these calculations are triangular-z and hexagonal-z. The neutronic analysis includes several parameters such as effective multiplication factor (k-eff), conversion ratio, changes in atomic density for fissile and fertile materials, neutron spectrum, power density distribution, and power peaking factor. The results show a quite different neutronic parameters with model 1 and 2. Model 1 achieved the first criticality at the enrichment of 6,3%, whereas model 2 at 6,7%. The conversion ratio tends to increase during burnup and greater in model 2. Both core geometries show similar results with greater k-eff in the triangular-z geometry. The maximum power density is located at the fuel block with an enrichment of 6,7%.

Keywords
HTTR, JENDL-4.0, k-eff, neutronic, SRAC2006

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tMpkbA9BqDv6

Corresponding Author
Getbogi Hikmawan

Institutions
1) Theoretical Physics Laboratory, THEPI Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganehsa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2) Indonesia Center of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
In this work, we consider De Sitter expansion and decaying scalar field in cosmological model with combination of minimal and non-minimal coupling of scalar field from Horndeski theory. As a continuity of the previous work, after the background solution and condition obtained, we continue the analysis to the nonlinearity aspect of perturbations via the spectral index of the perturbations. Spectral index of the perturbations and tensor to-scalar ratio of these special cases give sign of inflation model.

Keywords
Cosmology; Inflation; Horndeski

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Mj64HmbPuUyT

Corresponding Author
Galih Restu Fardian Suwandi

Institutions
a) Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung
*galih[at]fi.itb.ac.id
b) Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung
c) Medical Physics and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
d) Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine Chapter Bali-Nusa Tenggara
e) Medical Physicist, Harapan Keluarga Hospital, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat

Abstract
A series of earthquakes that hit Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, in the span of August - September 2018 had caused a massive destruction and major damage especially in the structure of buildings including the radiological unit in the hospitals around the Lombok island. The damage in radiological unit building structures could cause a radiation leak in the surrounding areas and endanger the radiation safety of the hospital personnel. Many efforts were taken from the hospital itself and the government to immediately repair the damages in the structure. This study aimed to reports analysis the damage caused by the earthquake to the building structure and the efforts that were taken to repair the damages one year after the events. The measurements of exposure around the buildings were also performed to assess the results of the building renovation. The results were then compared with the radiation exposure measurements report prior to the events. A series of recommendations was then offered based on the results analysis regarding the enhancement of the shielding.

Keywords
earthquake, exposure, radiological, shielding

Topic
Biophysics and Medical Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eRTJbUr3Lq9c

Corresponding Author
Ennita Riana

Institutions
a) Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*ennitariana[at]students.itb.ac.id
b) Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia

Abstract
The Sumatran Fault stretches for 1,900 km, The 1900 km long dextral slip fault, the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF), accommodates a significant amount of the trench-parallel component of the oblique convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. The Sumatran fault, unlike other great transcurrent faults, is highly segmented. The largest irregularity in GSF is observed in the central part of GSF (around the equator) where the fault splits into two sub-parallel strands up to 35 km apart; named it equatorial bifurcation and is a region that has a high level of seismicity. This research was conducted with the aim to obtain the profile of the shear wave velocity (Vs) based on the results of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion. In general, the research are divided into four main stages; standard data processing, cross correlation and stacking, initial velocity model analysis, dispersion curve analysis, and direct inversion. Empirical Green’s Function is obtained from the cross correlation results of each pair of stations from the temporary seismic network around the location. The preliminary results show that based on the analysis of the EGF dispersive signal’s seismicity of the station pair oriented relatively northwest – southeast and northeast - southwest, obtained the dominant distribution of noise sources related to oceanic activity on the coast of the Indian ocean, in the 5 – 20 s range. In that periods range, the average group velocity varies from 2-4 km/s. The apparent anomaly is thought to be due to the bifurcation in the region.

Keywords
Ambient Noise Tomography; North Sumatra; Velocity Analysis;

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dLDnCbJN8xfh

Corresponding Author
Imam Ghazali Yasmint

Institutions
1)Nuclear Physics Laboratory,
Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology,
Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, Indonesia, 40132

2)Environmental Laboratory,
Subs-section of Environmental Safety, Radioecology Section
Center for Technology of Safety and Radiation Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia,
Lebak Bulus Raya No.49 Jakarta, Indonesia, 12440

Abstract
Today, nuclear technology has become one of the most interesting research objects in the world. With many nuclear reactors operating in the world, both power reactors and research reactors, and the application of nuclear technology in all fields can have a detrimental effect in the form of releasing radioactive material into the environment. Other than that, there are also natural sources of radiation that have emerged naturally due to natural symptoms that occur on earth and radiation that is in the human body (internal radiation). Natural radiation is the biggest contributor to the radiation source that humans received in one year. So it is important to monitor radiation in an area, especially radiation from natural sources. Natural radiation monitoring is carried out by mapping natural radiation of certain areas, so that spots of the area are found which have anomalies in environmental radioactivity. In addition, it is necessary to study radionuclide transfer factors for environmental elements such as soil, plants, etc. This study used an experimental method by measuring radionuclides in several samples. Sampling is done in an area in Lembang. The samples taken were soil and grass, then measured using an ORTEC gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector. Based on the measurement of samples, it can be concluded that in the area there is no anomaly of radioactivity in the environment and still at a safe level of radiation.

Keywords
Gamma Spectrometer, HPGe Detector, Natural Radiation, Soil and Grass Samples, Transfer Factors

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uXaprPh9ATBz

Corresponding Author
Shindy Rosalia

Institutions
(a) Graduate Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung
*shindy.rosalia31[at]gmail.com
(b) Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia.
(c) Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Abstract
Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of crustal and upper mantle in West Java was reconstructed using the combination of body-wave and ambient noise tomography. We use P and S wave arrival data from nearly 1000 events to obtain a deeper (> 10 km), more regional velocity model and use ambient noise cross-correlation data from 75 temporal stations to obtain shallow (<10 km) velocity model with a higher resolution. The combination of both methods could give a comprehensive subsurface image of West Java, especially in the shallower part of northern West Java where there is a lack of body-wave raypath coverage. The seismic velocity structure obtained in this study could be very useful for understanding tectonic activity in the study area, which is important for earthquake disaster mitigation efforts in West Java. The three-dimensional seismic velocity could also be used as the input parameter of another seismological study, e.g. hypocenter determination.

Keywords
Body-wave tomography; Ambient noise tomography; West Java

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yPMYBXnJTEct

Corresponding Author
M. Fitrah Alfian R. Sakti

Institutions
(a) Theoretical Physics Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
(b) Indonesia Center for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
We find a charged spherically symmetric black hole solution with the existence of cloud of strings and quintessential matter. Then we apply the Demia(acute{n})ski-Janis-Newman algorithm to generate the rotating and twisting counterpart. The thermodynamic properties of this black hole solution are also investigated.

Keywords
black holes, Demianski-Janis-Newman algorithm, thermodynamics

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZwLbqe7ApNWC

Corresponding Author
Bagus Endar Bachtiar Nurhandoko

Institutions
1 Physics Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia;
2 Rock Fluid Imaging Lab, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Physics Department, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Abstract
The vibration produced by an earthquake can cause liquefaction. Liquefaction events in the wells are influenced by the nature of soil, geological environmental and earthquake characteristics, as well as other factors such as rock grain size, groundwater level and ground vibration acceleration. There were a number of cases after the Lombok earthquake which were indicative of the occurrence of liquefaction, especially those observed at the location of residents water wells. After earthquakes, we found many phenomena of dry water wells, the occurrence of siltation of wells, broken pipes in deep drill wells, and the collapse of the walls of wells. Generally the surface soil layer in Lombok is loose sand, and as is known that the loose sand layer has a higher potential for the occurrence of liquefaction due to its grain characteristics. This paper presents sand grain size analysis of wells in North and West of Lombok which undergo liquefaction when 2018 Lombok Earthquake. The result show the distribution from shieve analysis, microscope sampling results, and also distribution from laser particle size analysis. This study is essential for the further analysis to the resistance of wells to vibration of erthquakes.

Keywords
liquefaction, earthquake, particle size analysis

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rZxwWbuAqCJ8

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Taufiqur Rohman

Institutions
Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
A modification of the Randall-Sundrum metric model in the form of conformally flat metric was proposed some years ago. The proposed model shows better localization properties than the original Randall-Sundrum model. However, this new model still does not meet the expectation that all fundamental fields can be localized for one type of warp factor, e.g. for a decreasing warp factor. In this research we propose to add a factor ( f(r) ) in the extra coordinate part of the above modified Randall-Sundrum metric and derive conditions for localization for scalar and vector fields. ( r ) is the extra coordinate. We then look for some functions ( f(r) ) that fulfill the localization conditions for both scalar and vector fields. Examples of the function ( f(r) ) under investigation are ( exp(Ar) ), ( exp(Ar + Br^2) ), ( exp(A/r) ), ( Ar ), ( Ar + Br^2 ), and ( sinh Ar ). When the expected function is found we then check whether our model will also localize spinor fields or not.

Keywords
Braneworld, Randall-Sundrum model, modified Randall-Sundrum, field localization

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dqeRcNJFY4Dv

Corresponding Author
Alhada Farduwin

Institutions
1. Master Program of Geophysical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
2. Global Geophysics Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Ridge regression particle swarm optimization (RR-PSO) is an optimization technique based on the simulation of social behavior of some animal swarm that has been sucessfully used in many different engineering fields. In this study, RR-PSO was used to invert Rayleigh wave phase velocity curves that extracted from ambient seismic noise records to obtain the shear velocity (Vs) profile. The optimization algorithm is relatively faster, stable and the important aspect is that can provide uncertainty information of the inversion results. In order to determine the capabilities of the RR-PSO algorithm, the synthetic simulation was carried out using both noise-free and noise-contaminated data. The validity test includes the calculation of similarity index and estimation of the model uncertainty using their standard deviation. Based on the resulted model, the convergence of RR-PSO algorithm is relatively faster, stable and adaptable to some level of noise and can provide good model estimation of the subsurface. The application of RR-PSO to the real dispersion curve data is carried out in order to determine the seismic crustal structure beneath Nusa Tenggara islands.

Keywords
RR-PSO, shear velocity, Rayleigh waves, Nusa Tenggara

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nJNKcxYwXDjr

Corresponding Author
Rasito Tursinah

Institutions
Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganeca 10, Bandung, Indonesia
Email: rasito20[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The BNCT in-vitro test using a microtube irradiated on the neutron beam of the RSG-GAS beam tubes has been simulated. The simulation was performed using a PHITS computer code by modeling a microtube containing boron solution which was placed 5 cm in front of the beam tubes. Inside the beam tube was installed a beam shaping assembly (BSA) using 80 cm of MgF2 as a filter to reduce fast neutron and gamma fluences. Microtube containing 1.5 mL of boron solution with boron enriched 10B of 90%. The microtube dose i.e alpha dose, 7Li dose, proton dose, and gamma dose were calculated for each variation of boron concentration from 0.1 - 20 ppm. The simulation of microtube containing 1 ppm boron solution shown that irradiation of BSA-S5 neutron beam can be produced at a dose of 20 Gy with the shortest irradiation time of 2.5 hours.

Keywords
microtube, beam tubes, RSG-GAS, in vitro BNCT

Topic
Biophysics and Medical Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/L6RQAknGg2zq

Corresponding Author
Ardhi Rofi Mufdhila

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing has become an important method to increase the productivity of the well. Hydraulic fracturing will occur if the rock in the formation is given a tensile stress magnitude higher than the rock’s tensile strength. The insitu stress around the wellbore is unlikely to be tensile but some stress condition around the wellbore could lead to hydraulic fracturing given a pressurized fluid in the wellbore. We consider a two and three dimensional wellbore and assumed to be linear elastic and isotropic. Calculation and vizualiation of stress distribution around a wellbore has been done using finite element method. The model is applied by a minimum horizontal, maximum horizontal, overburden stress and the wellbore pressure. The wellbore pressure and the wellbore direction condition is variated. Some of the wellbore pressure data is derived from fracturing theory like Terzaghi, Daneshy, and least principal stress criterion. The data about the tensile strength of the rock around a wellbore is needed to predict wether the fracture will occur or not. The result show that there will be some minimum wellbore pressure and stress region that could lead into tensile failure that could lead to hydraulic fracturing. We also observed that the stress distribution in the horizontal well could predict wether the fracture will be transversal or longitudinal.

Keywords
Hydraulic Fracturing, Stress Distribution, Finite Element, Fracture Criterion, Well Direction

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/faB9K7ugPdNQ

Corresponding Author
Rindi Wulandari

Institutions
(1)(2)Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Gedung Fisika FMIPA ITB Indonesia

(3) Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Gedung Fisika FMIPA ITB Indonesia

1) wulandarindi[at]gmail.com (corresponding author)
2) psidik[at]fi.itb.ac.id
3) supri.haryono[at]gmail.com

Abstract
One of the problems in fullfing energy needs in Indonesia is marked by the low electrification ratio, which is 60%. Many researchs dan various studies of alternative energy has been conducting to solve these problems. One of them is nuclear energy. The development of nuclear power plant (NPP) is very rapid. Nowdays, many studies of 4th Generation nuclear reactor which focus on improving safety is conducted. The characteristic of some IV generation nuclear reactors is the use of molten salt as a coolant. The purpose of this study is to determine the heat transfer of molten salt in the natural circulation system for steady state analysis and transient characteristic with COMSOL Multiphysics method. The selected module is the Non-Isothermal FLow (NITF) module. This module is a combination of three basic equations, namely the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, and the dynamic equation of heat transfer in fluid. The simulation model measures 1.5 x 2 (m) with sodium (Na) as a fluid. The simulation demonstrates 4 conditions: 1) Steady state; 2) Transient I; 3) Transient II; 4) Heater Trip. The conditions of transient I, and transient II, show the system is still in a safe condition because the temperature value is still below the value of liquid sodium boiling and SS316 pipe melting point. In the heater trip condition, liquid sodium has a temperature drop to near freezing.

Keywords
heat transfer, natural circulation, COMSOL Multiphysics method

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6rk3aR4nEGqt

Corresponding Author
Robi Dany Riupassa

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
b) Department of Physics and Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
*robiriu[at]students.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The phenomenon of natural circulation is used as a mechanism of passive cooling in nuclear reactors. This mechanism will help to dispose of residual heat in nuclear reactors when emergency conditions for example due to pump failure. Testing natural circulation systems can be done with experiments or closed-loop system simulations. Previous studies have conducted experiments with closed loop systems with variations in temperature differences between heaters and coolers. Water is used as a fluid in this experiment. The experimental results show that the temperature difference between the heater and the cooler influences to the velocity of fluid flow. For a maximum temperature difference of 80 oC, the flow velocity reaches 3 cm/s. For single phase closed loop systems with water as the fluid used, this value is no longer possible to be enlarged. In this study, a single phase closed loop system will be further investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Tests are carried out for several types of fluids to see the effect of fluid density on temperature differences in heating and cooling. Simulation results will show the temperature distribution and velocity of fluid flow in a closed loop system.

Keywords
natural circulation; CFD

Topic
Nuclear Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/74Q93N8hXbEK

Corresponding Author
Riri Jonuarti

Institutions
a) School of Energy, Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*riri.jonuarti[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Physics, Universitas Andalas, Jalan Universitas Andalas, Limau manis, Padang, 25163,
Indonesia

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) combined with random phase approximation (RPA) was used to determine the dielectric function of (5,0) zigzag and (5,5) armchair boron nitride carbon nanotube (BNCNT). The concentration of carbon atoms in the BNCNT structures varies by 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the total number of atoms in the structure. The results of the optical properties depicted in the dielectric function graphs for each (5,0) zigzag and (5,5) armchair BNCNT. The effect of each quantity of the carbon concentrations to the optical properties of those nanotubes is also discussed. The large concentration of carbon atoms in one BNCNT structure makes the dielectric constant increase which is indicated on the graph of the dielectric function at the energy point 0 eV by a real scale height. Furthermore, the large carbon concentration in the (5.5) BNCNT creates a new absorption peak at 0 eV energy. So that, by understanding that the concentration of carbon atoms in the BNCNT framework affects the optical properties of these hybrid materials, the material can be implemented in multiple applications.

Keywords
Density Functional Theory; Random Phase Approximation; Boron Nitride Carbon Nanotubes; The Concentration of Carbon; Optical Properties

Topic
Computational Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Y3xruwtWcpU9

Corresponding Author
Bagus Endar Bachtiar Nurhandoko

Institutions
1 Physics Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia;
2 Rock Fluid Imaging Lab, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Physics Department, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Abstract
The series of Lombok earthquake started from July 2018 followed by two mainshocks and thousands aftershocks caused massively damage to the public facilities and residential areas. As a result of the earthquake measuring 6.9 SR, most of the wells were also damaged due to liquefaction. The most devastated areas usually have several units of lithology, namely: coastal sediment alluvium and pyroclastic rock. This research was conducted to characterize subsurface geological condition including groundwater aquifers using 2D resistivity tomography. Series measurements of 2D resistivity tomography at the some impacted area of 2018 Lombok Earthquake can reveal the relationship among the most of devastated area, the subsurface geological condition, the vibration, and also the most impacted liquifaction area. The most of impacted areas caused by 2018 Earthquakes lie on the very loose sand and shallow aquifer zone. The resistivity tomography, however, shows that in the North Lombok area usually has high resistivity thin layer (with a range of> 500 Ohm.m) around a depth of 10 m. This high resistivity layer is carbonate reef layer which may play a role as barrier of soil liquifaction especially when the earthquake’s wave vibrates the soil.

Keywords
Resistivity tomography, Lombok Earthquake, Liquifaction

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DzutkReG7Mgp

Corresponding Author
Dieno Diba

Institutions
Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Papandayan Volcano is an active volcano located near Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Magnetotelluric (MT) data acquisition was carried out in the Crater Mas area in 2009 with a total of 13 measurement points. This data acquisition was performed using a remote reference method to obtain better data quality by reducing measurement noise. The geomagnetic data acquisition was carried out in January 2019 in the crater area using a set of G-856AX Memory MagTM Proton Precision Magnetometer (PPM) with a total of 259 points. The result of MT modeling shows that the structure could be divided horizontally into two layers, namely the conductive layer at a depth up to 1km and the resistive layer at a depth of more than 1km from the surface. Conductive layer located near the surface may be interpreted as the presence of water or clay mineral. The two-dimensional forward modeling of geomagnetic result shows that the rocks with relatively low susceptibility values below the surface causes the anomaly at a depth of 30 to 100 meters. The low susceptibility values of the rocks might have been caused by thermal demagnetization due to high temperatures.

Keywords
Geomagnetic, Magnetotelluric, Resistivity, Papandayan Volcano, Susceptibility

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F9EYywdVGpCz

Corresponding Author
Anom Trenggana

Institutions
(a)Theoretical Physics Laboratory, THEPI Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
*anomtrengganad[at]student.itb.ac.id
(b) Indonesian Center for Theoritecal and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract
We investigate the effect of quantum entanglement betwen n-causally disconnected universes by calculated the power spectrum of vacuum fluctuation. To investigate it the general and specific (GHZ and W) form of n-entangled state are used. We found that the power spectrum has the maximum value when the state is near to pure one particle state. For the specific form, the power spectrum of W state is equal to pure vacuum state when the amount of n-causally disconnected universes is near to infinite and for GHZ state the power spectrum has same value for every n-causally disconnected universes.

Keywords
Entanglement;Power Spectrum;Vacuum Fluctuation

Topic
Theoretical High Energy Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4qWRfjmUHvbK

Corresponding Author
Annisa Rahman

Institutions
1) Physics Department
Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia 40132
a) ann.rahman1412[at]gmail.com
b) inge[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the solidification process of 23% tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solution due to the application of DC voltage. TBAB hydrate is an example of thermal energy storage system with phase change temperature around 5–10 oC. The voltage was applied continuously through commonly sold copper electrodes which was inserted into the sample. The diameter of electrodes were 1 mm and the gap were approximately 0.5 mm. The value of the applied voltage in the range of 15 to 30 V was varied as the experimental parameter. The overall experiments were repeated for two times to ensure the data repeatability. The experimental results showed that the TBAB hydrate will not formed until a minimum value for 20 V voltage was applied. The increase of the voltage applied led to higher solidification temperature and reduction of the supercooling degree.

Keywords
Tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB); Solidification; DC Voltage; Solidification Temperature; Supercooling Degree

Topic
Condensed Matter Physics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rkxUvd6tc9fH

Corresponding Author
Gunawan Handayani

Institutions
1,2 Laboratory of Earth Physics Bandung Institute of Technology

Abstract
The electrical complex impedance is very important physical parameter to determine the fluid and matrix condition of the rock sample. One mechanism in the samples that influences this complex, frequency – dependent behavior of resistivity is the disseminated metal ores which can block the pores and subsequently trigger the mechanism for storage/delay. Pore water ions build up on either side of the grain, results in the effect of a capacitor. This paper presents a simple experimental set up to measure the complex resistivity of rock samples. The main mechanism is generation of high voltage sinusoidal signal. This is implemented as collector voltage of a transistor. The high voltage sinusoidal signal then is applied on either side of the rock sample. At two distances of the sample we measure the resulting voltage using the oscilloscope. The observed delay can be considered as the measured phase, whereas the amplitude of the observed voltage is considered as the voltage. We determine the absolute impedance as the voltage divided by the current. Using this simple method we measured the complex impedances of 14 rock samples obtained from Halmahera Island. From the results of measurement, we tried to infer and to model the disseminated metal ores of the samples.

Keywords
Complex Impedance, Rock Samples Measurement

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XZCNHtMLxbKY

Corresponding Author
Agus Laesanpura

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132

Abstract
Lok Ulo area is a main river extended from north to South of Kebumen area. This area is famous for basement of pre-tertiary rock exposed to the surface. The evidence of fault by geology directly is difficult due to in part by thick weathering surface, and second it could be hid beneath the river. The gravity instrument of micro Gal precision is running to overcome the problem across the area where anticline valley is very subtle. The geology reconstruction is doing but the geophysics evidence is giving another solution. The anomalous of 2.5 mGal is resulting from 1.5 km downthrown block. The reconciliation finally deducted hence the fault is separating two block. Afterwards, by consequence the thickness of sedimentary rock is separating into two block, the west part and east part separating each other by fault. The vertical throw of fault show significant separating the mélange complex from the others. It is estimated from gravity data that the fault take deep seated origin. The thickness tertiary sedimentary of claystone cover the mélange (the older one) and separating each other. By consequence, the east part is thicker than the west

Keywords
Gravity, fault, Pra-tertiary

Topic
Earth and Planetary Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fKhHFr7ZkBEt