Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
erwin erwin

Institutions
1 Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Indonesia.
2. Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
In a vertical hybrid turbine with a shaft bearing holder on one side, it has a shaft deflection problem that interferes with turbine performance. This study aims to improve the design of the turbine holder. The methodology used in this study is to analyze the deflection behavior of the turbine when rotating. Next in the turbine design review, and the result is to increase the distance of the shaft holder bearings and increase the bearing diameter in the triangular frame. Deflection testing with the help of a tracker software thats able to measure deflection distance in one field when the shaft rotates. The results of the deflection comparison before and after the design improvement show a significant deflection reduction.

Keywords
deflection, vertical wind turbine, tracker

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/beFQtuKTWMxk

Corresponding Author
Helmy Purwanto

Institutions
(a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang – Indonesia
(b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang – Indonesia
* helmypurwanto[at]unwahas.ac.id

Abstract
Ballistics testing is the study of collision phenomena between projectiles and target material. Simulation with finite element is one alternative to ballistic testing that can provide detailed numerical data and specific. Validated simulations can be used as a reference for improving projectile resistant material in addition to the results of experiments test. These papers presents the effect of austenization temperature and quench media in the S45C steel plate on the residual velocity of the projectile and kinetic energy after being fired blunt projectile at a speed of 303.5 m / s with simulation base on finite element. Material data was obtained from the results of an experimental test of S45C steel plate thickness 8 mm which was austenization at 700, 800, 900oC which was quenched in water and oil media. Validation of simulations is carried out with past research. The simulation results show that the steel plate is austenization 900oC with treatment on the quench oil media can withstand the projectile better, with a projectile residual velocity of 234.46 m / s, with projectile kinetic energy of 1346.8 Joule.

Keywords
Ballistic simulation, steel plate armor, austenization, quench media, hardening

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j3VnZF4gxmu8

Corresponding Author
Dandun Mahesa Prabowoputra

Institutions
1.Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Central Java, Surakarta, 57126 Indonesia
2.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Central Java, Surakarta, 57126 Indonesia
3.Department of Naval Architecture and Marine System Engineering, Pukyong National University,Busan 48513, South Korea

Abstract
Indonesia has a huge hydro energy potential, but the installation is still relatively small. This fact shows that hydro energy as a power plant still needs to be developed. Many studies concerning water turbines as supporting the development, one study on the performance of the turbine Savonius water. Simulation research is one way to accelerate the research process towards increasing the efficiency of the savonius water turbine. In this research, the effect of overlap ratio and number of blades on the performance of the water turbine savonius has been carried out. The study was carried out in a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamic approach. The study began with a mesh independence study to obtain effective mesh. The research was simulated in 3 dimensions. Aspect Ratio used in this research is 1, with variations in the number of blades 2, 3 and 4. Variations used overlap ratio 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3. The factors that have been studied are TSR, Overlap Ratio, and Number of Blades. Where the influence of these factors was analyzed using the Factorial Design method

Keywords
Savonius Rotor, Water Turbine, CFD, Renewable Energy, Coefficient of Power, Factorial Design

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4uTPMAEDCzB2

Corresponding Author
Astrie Kusuma Dewi

Institutions
Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Cepu 58315, Indonesia
*agus.sutanto[at]esdm.go.id

Abstract
Risk is a probability of occurrence beyond the unexpected events in any human activities and could become a disadvantage. Distribution operational in LPG storage, various activities will cause danger and hazard that can inhibit the distribution operational. These hazards can have an impact on productivity, the risk of cost, time, and damage to the system. To decrease that impacts, a risk management system is required, including the identification, assessment, analysis, and control of possible risks. Risk management makes an effort to manage risk by using a combination of two tools, the risk assessment method, and the FTA. All risk potential from distribution operation is identified and analyzed by using the risk assessment matrix, whereas the resulting risk prioritized outcomes have identified the source of the cause using the FTA method and described structurally. From the results of the analysis, 21 risk variables were classified into 1 type of activities with 5 sub- items of equipment used in the distribution activities. The most critical level of risk is the potential for fire, LPG leakage, pump components damage, and distribution obstructed.

Keywords
risk assessment; FTA; hazard; LPG storage

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TadR7fcJrVNz

Corresponding Author
Erny Listijorini

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
In Indonesia, biomass is the largest source of fuel compared to other countries in Asia, but its utilization is still below the Indian State. To improve the utilization of biomass fuel, this study conducted an experiment on the use of biomass gassification to reduce water content in the process of making sugar palm sugar with vaccum dryer technology. Based on the research that has been done before, this gassification furnace can produce a heat power of 5kW for husk raw materials with a ratio of biomass and the energy generated is 0.5kg of husk / 1 kWh. In this research, the performance of gas husk biomass gassification and costs will be tested.

Keywords
Gassification; Palm Sugar; Vacum Dryer

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TMJHwjuLkhz7

Corresponding Author
Satworo Adiwidodo

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta No. 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia

Abstract
The conventional Savonious wind turbine has two inverted cylindrical blades that resemble the letter S when viewed axially parallel, it can indeed receive fluid impulses from all horizontal directions and produce a greater drag force than other wind turbines. The weakness of Savonius is the resistance in one blade side. Efforts to improve that has been done is to add a blade that serves to increase the local velocity of fluid flow to resist the resistance which is termed Savonius tandem blade (STB). This research was conducted to further reduce the resistance value of one side STB with the addition of an adjustable deflector. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on changes in the torque of the STB wind turbine on variations in the deflector angle and stream velocity. The research method used is numerical simulation using CFD software. A two-dimensional view of the rotor model using deflector was considered. The deflector angle varies start from 15 degrees with an increase also every 15 degrees until the torque decreased. The CFD simulation show there is a significant increase in torque with the addition of a deflector. Maximum torque is not achieved at one deflector angle value but is also influenced by stream velocity. At higher stream velocity there is a tendency to reach the maximum torque required larger deflector angle. Then at a certain point, the torque will decrease when the deflector angle is enlarged.

Keywords
CFD simulation, wind turbine, adjustable deflector, torque, Savonius tandem blade

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bUkMNBRTGPxg

Corresponding Author
Sahid sahid

Institutions
POLINES

Abstract
The objective of the design of a three-layers flat blade smart wind turbine with an arduino blade angle configuration system is to study experimentally the performance of a wind turbine Three-layersflat blade horizontal guide with various wind speed variations, and apply automatically to blade blade speed average for weather. Tests are carried out to obtain the value of wind turbine power coefficient (Cp). Tests that use variations in wind and blade angle. Variations in wind speed are obtained by variations in refineries from wind turbines. The performance of Three-layersbflat blade wind turbines has the highest Power Coefficiency (Cp) values at certain blade angles on variations in wind speed at a wind speed of 5 m / sec with a blade angle of 15º at 57.84%; at a wind speed of 6 m / sec with a blade angle of 20º of 36.24%; at a wind speed of 7 m / sec with a 25º blade angle of 51.39%; at a wind speed of 8 m / sec with a blade angle of 30º of 39.37%; and at a wind speed of 9 m / s with a blade angle of 35º of 28.24%. After obtaining data about wind speed and angle with the highest Cp value, the wind speed that will be used as the input of the Arduino control system, and the output is a large blade blade that changes to adjust the wind speed

Keywords
Wind turbine control, blade angle, Arduino, three-layer flat

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LPc7BMTGbxXg

Corresponding Author
Meifal Rusli

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Kampus Unand Limau Manis, Padang 25163, Indonesia
* meifal[at]eng.unand.ac.id
b) Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdakaan, Sawahan Timur, Padang 25171 – Indonesia

Abstract
Scoliosis is defined as a musculoskeletal condition that has an abnormal lateral spinal curvature as its main feature. One of the medical treatments for scoliotic spine is by surgery to install an instrument or implant consists of pedicle screws, rods, and connector in fixation of the spinal curvature. However, many cases of failure both in the instrument and the interface of bone and pedicle screw connections were found. One of the problems occasionally was related to the risks of screw loosening and pulled out. This paper will observe and discuss numerically the stress distribution in the screws and bone interface in scoliotic spine fixation using finite element analysis. The contact interface is modeled variously by bonded contact, friction contact, and frictionless contact. The analysis is done by two types of load; axial or pull out load and shearing load. It is found that in bonded contact between screws and bone, the stress distribution is more uniforms along the contact surface and lower maximum stress in the bone. Therefore, the risk of pulling out the screws will be minimized. On the other hand, friction contact with a low friction coefficients makes the stress distribution in concentrated in specific region and increase the maximum stress in bone.

Keywords
scoliosis; pedicle screws; stress shielding; pull out; contact model

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZhLjxVAaB4D3

Corresponding Author
Yurianto Yurianto

Institutions
yurianto, Sumar Hadi Suryo, Yusuf Umardani
Diponegoro University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Padang Yanuar
Semarang State Polytechnic
Mechanical Engineering Department

Abstract
Generally, welding on quenched and tempered steel conducted using preheat and post-heat to avoid failure of the weldment. Some operators do not preheat before welding and post-heat after welding is complete. In this study, Q&T Steels welded using double-pass without preheating and post-weld heat treatment. Some operators do not use preheat and post-weld heat treatment, even welding is finished cooled by using water medium. Microstructural and mechanical evaluations of quenched and tempered steel welded joints investigated to reveal the effect of water quenching on the heat-affected zone in this study. Austenitization used for quenching are 750oC, 800oC 850oC and 900oC were selected. The specimens observed by spectrometer for observation in chemical element content; optical microscopy for observation in microstructure; microhardness Vickers tester for hardness observation in microstructure; impact testing machine for observation in impact energy. The aim of this study to obtain the characteristics of Quenched and Tempered Steel weld joints cooled by freshwater. The results indicate the hardness of the heat-affected zone increases with increasing austenitization temperature, but the hardness of the weld metal decreases.

Keywords
austenitization, crack, hardness, softening, temper

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C8RrwgbN4Hfe

Corresponding Author
Riles Wattimena

Institutions
4Politekniknegeri Semarang, Jl. Prof Sudarto S. H., TEmbalang Semarang 50275

Abstract
Abstract PT Mekar Armada Jaya, located in Cibitung, Bekasi, West Java, is a national-scale industry engaged in manufacturing various vehicle parts, especially those made of steel sheets. The process of making various parts of this vehicle requires a press tool. This company designs, makes, studies, and develops all the required press tools, therefore human resources (HR) are needed who have the competency to design and make presstools. Based on this, PT Mekar Armada Jaya held a partnership to produce the intended HR needs, namely graduates of the D3 Mechanical Engineering study program who were ready to work both at this company and at other similar companies. Along with the link between the Semarang State Polytechnic and PT Mekar Armada Jaya above, it is necessary to study the alignment of methods and learning strategies for the presstool design. The results of this study are in the form of design learning methods that will be carried out in the D3 Mechanical Engineering study program and learning handouts for the topic of presstool design.

Keywords
Prestool design method, VDI 2222, sighley-s mechanical engineering design

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bmhGBtpXaHU6

Corresponding Author
Catur Pramono

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Tidar
*caturpramono[at]untidar.ac.id

Abstract
Brake pads are a component that functions to slow down, control, and stop the shaft rotation. Brake pads which are too hard cause a short-lived drum or discs. Whereas, if they are too soft, the brake pads life will be short. This study aims to analyze the specific wear and hardness properties of the composite with mango seed powder, brass powder, and magnesium oxide reinforced with epoxy resin matrix. The variable of this study used the mass fraction of mango seed powder: brass powder: magnesium oxide. The wear test used the ogoshi method, while the hardness test used the vickers hardness test tool concerning the ASTM E384-17 standard. The results showed that the specific wear and composite hardness values were close to the mechanical properties of KEV-2700 brake pads, namely composites with a composition of 35% mango seed powder, 35% brass powder, 20% magnesium oxide, and 10% epoxy resin at 3.29 x 10-7 mm2/kg, and 214.38 N/mm2.

Keywords
brake pads; composites; brass; mango seed powder; magnesium oxide

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eqzFYgKuTjDk

Corresponding Author
I Ketut Adi Atmika

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Departement, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia 80362
(b) Mechanical Engineering Departement, Institut of Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya-Indonesia 60117

Abstract
One of the failure factors in braking is the loss of the ability of brake lining material to the braking process. The quality of brake lining depends on several factors, namely the composition of the material, type of material and hardness. Brake pads is one component in the braking system that is directly in contact or rubbing against the rotating part in this case the drum (drum system) or disk (disc system). The ability of brake pads has an important role, namely to absorb the amount of kinetic energy during braking. In general, brake pads are made of asbestos material because they are superior in temperature resistance up to 800˚C, but asbestos materials have carcinogenic properties that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. This research was developed to answer these problems, namely to look for alternative brake pads that have good toughness and structural properties and do not interfere with the health of the vehicle driver or are environmentally friendly. Brake pad materials are made from hybrid composites reinforced with basalt, shellfish, alumina and bound using phenolic resin polymer (PR-51510i). This brake pad materials is produced through a sintering process with an emphasis of 2000 kg for 30 minutes at a fixed temperature of 150 °C. This composite was made as many as five variations, each of which tested its strength using the charpy impact test according to ASTM D 6110 standard. The strength of the average brake pad specimens obtained was 0,0003327 J/mm², better than the average toughness of brake linings from asbestos ingredients

Keywords
Environmentally friendly, Hybrid Composite, Basalt, Shellfish, Alumina.

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hUGPY73CjXer

Corresponding Author
I Gede Raditya Permana

Institutions
a) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia
*farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id

b) Departemen Kimia, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi no 229 Bandung 40154, Indonesia

Abstract
Miura-origami pattern has taken interest of many engineers and mathematicians due to its unique foldability and wide range of engineering applications. However, its mechanical behavior is yet to be fully explored, especially when it is made by additive manufacturing (3D printing) method. In this paper, the compressive behavior of 3D printed lattice structure using the Miura-origami pattern is investigated. Polylactic Acid (PLA) material is used to make the specimen with various printing parameters, i.e infill pattern and density. Moreover, three kind of origami patterns with different folding angle and wall thickness are applied. Finally, the elastic, plastic, and fracture deformation behavior under compressive load is examined. The result is useful to develop a finite element model which can be utilized to comprehensively explore the mechanical behavior under complicated loading condition for various kind of engineering applications.

Keywords
miura-origami, 3D printing, finite element analysis, polyactic acid (PLA), deformation characteristic, material properties

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zbnq73WTtzgC

Corresponding Author
Samuel Christian Hidajat

Institutions
a) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia
*farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id

Abstract
3D printing is considered as a highly convenient manufacturing process since it enables to create objects of many shapes, sizes and rigidity based on the material properties and the printing parameters. However, the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials is not yet fully understood. There are a lot of different printing parameter combinations which results in different mechanical properties and printing time. This research work aims to investigate the relationship between printing parameters, i.e. infill density and infill pattern, and tensile property of Polylactic Acid (PLA) material. Anycubic i3 Mega 3D printer is used to print the specimens and an open-source slicing software Cura is used to vary the printing parameters. The two varied printing parameters are infill densities of 25%, 50%, 75% and infill patterns namely Grid, Tri-Hexagon, and Concentric. The specimen and tensile testing procedure are based on ASTM D638 Type 1 standard. Three tensile properties, in this case, elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength were examined. The obtained results can be used as a data reference for making finite element model (FEM) as well as predicting the optimum tensile property with respect to the printing parameters.

Keywords
3D printing; tensile property; printing parameters; infill density; infill pattern

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HdrM6XE8N3gV

Corresponding Author
Syamsul Hadi

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia

Abstract
Fatigue life prediction for engineering material is important for predictive maintenance to support accident prevention in a high-risk equipment. The study aims to determine the ability of the machine prototype of rotating bending type fatigue test and to find out the fatigue life of Nylon and cast iron specimens. By knowing the fatigue life of a plastic and ferrous metal material, the prediction of fatigue life can be applied to a maintenance plan. The design and manufacture of rotating bending fatigue testing machines equipped with copy turning devices can be used to prepare specimens from plastic/soft metal materials, thus becoming an integrated fatigue test machine. The method used includes determining the size of standard fatigue test specimens, turning various fatigue test specimens, carrying out fatigue test specimens of nylon and cast iron materials, and analyzing the results of fatigue tests. The test results of the fatigue test machine prototype showed the ability to turn plastic and soft metal materials, and the fatigue life for Nylon 6.6 ranging from 659 to 13216 rotation at 229 to 26 MPa stresses, and for cast iron from 142 to 22863 rotation at 229 to 147 MPa stresses.

Keywords
fatigue life, Nylon, cast iron, copy turning devices, and rotating bending fatigue testing machines

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qcdZwb3TFz24

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Ariyono

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Dept., Politeknik Negeri Semarang.
(b) Electrical Engineering Dept., Politeknik Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Good ride performance is one of the most important key attribute of a passenger vehicle. One of the methods to achieve this is by using continuously variable transmission (CVT). This is because a CVT has the capability of providing an almost infinite ratio within its limits smoothly and continuously. The flexibility of a CVT allows the driving shaft to maintain a constant angular velocity over a range of output velocities. Currently, new developments in gear reduction and manufacturing have led to ever more robust CVTs, which in turn allow them to be applied in more diverse automotive applications. As CVT development continues, costs will be reduced further and the performance will continue to improve, which in turn make further development and application of the CVT technology desirable. This cycle of improvement will offer CVT a solid foundation in the worlds automotive infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to provide some background and relevant information that is necessary in this study. Specifically, a brief description of CVT, advantages and their brief history are presented. This paper also evaluates the current state of CVT, investigate the technology frontline of drivetrain control and the development of CVT. The step less Transmission is able to maintain the engine running in its maximum power.

Keywords
CVT Control, Engine Power, Mechatronic CVT, Transmission

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MWGjJaqdVgAX

Corresponding Author
Ridwan Adam M Noor

Institutions
1,2 Department of mechanical engineering education, Faculty of education and vocational technology, Indonesian University of Education. Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 207
Bandung 40391 West Java Indonesia
a) Writer Corresponden: adam[at]upi.edu

Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this research is to know the calculation of resin requirements which is used, the relative velocity of resin and filling time in body construction process of electric prototype vehicle which used carbon fibre material using vacuum infusion method. In making this vehicle body is using carbon fibre in order to have light in weight, strong and safe to fullfil the regulation or rule Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM).This light in weight vehicle is to increase power to weight ratio. So, it can be increase the efficiency of the fuel. The body of this vehicle has been included in Shell Eco-Marathon Asia which held in Singapore 2017. Based on the ideal calculation result resin in electric prototype that used carbon fibre using vacuum infusion method has obtained as much resin value as needed (RC) 3.83535 Kg, the relative velocity of resin (V) 0,005 m2/s,and filling time (t) for about 10,4 minutes and total weight body is 8 Kg.

Keywords
Resin necessary (RC), relative velocity of resin (V), filling time (t)

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8kVTP34LXbFB

Corresponding Author
Intan Diastri Pujaningrum

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan

Abstract
One of the causes of climate change is the use of fossil fuels. therefore, this triggers efforts to use renewable energy as a substitute fuel. According to REN21 data The development of renewable energy has declined from 2011-2016 along with the worlds energy needs. This issue is triggered, one of which is the policymaking of budget policies from several countries in the world, including in Indonesia. In this context, policy and government are the main components of implementing renewable energy. Therefore, the governments attitude towards renewable energy plays an important role in the success of developing renewable energy. We conducted a survey to explore the attitude of the local government to the potential of renewable energy in Indonesia which has the potential to vary from each region. One area may have more renewable energy potential than the other. The results of this quantitative study are expected to help national policies on the development of renewable energy not only in Indonesia, but also in other countries where the diversity of opportunities spread throughout the region.

Keywords
renewable-energy, government officers, politics, policy, attitudes

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jCnYV8rbhNdy

Corresponding Author
Catur Setyawan Kusumohadi

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
The aim of this project is to develop water tank that could support for firefighter motorcycle. The firefighter motorcycle was designed to be used in densely populated areas with very narrow accesses. In the process of design, the tank dimension, maneuverability, stability, and attachment method become the factor that were put into consideration. External condition in the form of motorcycle power and narrow access were the factors that also considered in choosing the criteria of water tank for fire suppression. VDI 2221 method was used to optimized the design.

Keywords
water tank , VDI 2221, firefighter motorcycle

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LvgkEVYFNp2A

Corresponding Author
Rany Puspita Dewi

Institutions
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Tidar
Jalan Kapten Suparman 39, Magelang 56116
ranypuspita[at]untidar.ac.id

Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves is increasingly encouraging people see to other renewable energy sources. Strategic steps that can be taken is by applying the concept of energy diversification. One of the simplest and easiest ways to diversify energy is through biomass energy utilization. Indonesia has abundant biomass energy sources, which can come from waste. Potential waste that can be used as raw material for briquettes are sawdust and coconut shell waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the adhesive concentration of starch on the characteristics of charcoal briquettes which include caloric value, moisture content, and ash content. The research are done with variating of adhesive concentration 4%, 6%, and 8% with sawdust and coconut shell composition 75%:25%. The research result shows that briquettes with 4% of adhesive concentration have caloric value 6974.022 cal/g, moisture content 4.518%, and ash content 1.364%. Briquettes with 6% of adhesive concentration have caloric value 7561.582 cal/g, moisture content 4.232%, and ash content 1.762%. Briquettes with 8% of adhesive concentration have caloric value 6996.102 cal/g, moisture content 4.455%, and ash content 1.623%. The characteristics of briquette have fulfilled the value of briquette quality standard SNI 01-6235-2000. The most optimum of adhesive concentration in briquette production from the research is 6%.

Keywords
Briquette; Adhesive; Caloric value; Moisture content; Ash content

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/43DZKH7WLNJh

Corresponding Author
Arasy Fahruddin

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Jl. Raya Gelam No.250, 61271, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
*arasy.fahruddin[at]umsida.ac.id

Abstract
The Indonesian region has abundant alternative energy sources that can be used to meet electrical energy needs. One potential alternative energy source is water energy that can be converted into electrical energy with a water turbine. Water turbines are generally one stage, whereas water energy on the output side is still quite large. In this study, experiments were made using a two-stage micro water turbine model with blade angle variations on the second stage turbine. The type of turbine used in this study is a crossflow turbine with a vertical shaft. The results show that the 45 degree blade angle on the second stage turbine can increase the second stage turbine rotational speed, and also increase the first stage turbine rotational speed. So that the total power of the turbine increases up to 29% compared to 15 degrees blade angle. This indicates that the appropriate selection of the second stage turbine blade angle will significantly affect the total turbine power and its efficiency.

Keywords
Blade angle; Two-stage; Water turbine; Crossflow turbine

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VwjqkCetgn4B

Corresponding Author
Ignatius Henry Adi Nagoro

Institutions
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Akademi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Indonesia
Jl. Raya Solo-Baki Km. 2. Kwarasan, Grogol Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Tel: 62-27-162-1178
a)Corresponding author: henryadinagoro[at]gmail.com

2 Mechanical Engineering Departement, SMKN 1 Geneng, Indonesia.
Jl. Raya Geneng-Ngawi,East Java, Indonesia. Tel: 63-51-746-275
b)susilo_luhurpambudi[at]yahoo.com

3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta, Indonesia. Tel: 62-27-163-2163
c)triyonomesin[at]uns.ac.id

Abstract
This investigation primarily aim to study the effect magnitude of the pre-strain stress on dissimilar welding. This experiments are supplemented by characterization of microstructure, hardness profiles along the welded joint and fractographic. The process indicated an increasing hardness of Austenitic stainless steel in line with increase of pre-strain. it-s happen because of dislocation density, which changes the mechanical properties around the base metal and also weld zone

Keywords
Dissimilar welding, Microstructure, Grain average misorientation, Austenitic stainless steel

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J6mvhQRDjwKb

Corresponding Author
Suwarsono Suwarsono

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
*) suwarsono[at]umm.ac.id
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is commonly used for joining aluminum sheets. The FSW process occurs due to temperature and the force of emphasis on the connection. heat Energy is generated from the deformation of material and friction between the tool and the material. The FSW process generally emphasizes the generation of heat energy from the deformation process of material. This research studies the FSW process which prioritizes the friction between tool and material, as a heat energy generator. Research of Friction Stir Spot Welding uses aluminum A1100 sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm. Tool material are HSS, with shoulder diameter of 4 mm, the pin diameter 2 mm and length 0.6 mm. The joining process of Friction Stir Spot Welding used tool rotational speed of 33000 rpm. This research has proven that the main heat energy can be generated from friction, which results from high speed rotation of tool. The axial force and temperature distribution measured at several points location. Shear strength data and microstructures of welds indicate that this method is feasible to be applied in the FSSW process.

Keywords
Friction Stir Spot Welding; High rotation; Alumuinium A1100; Shear strength

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MvPeB7mt9nJR

Corresponding Author
Arasy Fahruddin

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia
*arasy.fahruddin[at]umsida.ac.id
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Jl. Raya Gelam No.250, 61271, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
c) Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Jl. Raya ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Leaf shape biometric design shows promising potential as a flow field to supply air reactants in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. However, studies that discuss the dimensions of biometric flow field in detail are rarely encountered. The channel width can affect the supply of reactants, the better the supply of reactants the better the cell performance can be achieved. In this study we investigated the effect of the mother channel width on the biometric flow field towards cell performance using numerical simulations. The model is composed of 9 layers with 25 cm2 of active area. The channel dimension is varied by considering Murray theory. Simulation results show that the optimal width of the mother channel can increase power density by up to 6% compared to other variations. This increase can be achieved due to a more uniform distribution of oxygen concentration.

Keywords
Mother channel width; Biometric flow field; Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ckJ8LEHX4wgx

Corresponding Author
Nani Mulyaningsih

Institutions
Universitas Tidar

Abstract
Fuels are needed to run vehicles. The use of fuels by motorist seems to have an impact on corrosion rate of the fuel tank. Corrosion can result in perforated fuel tank and this can be dangerous for motorists. So that, further investigation related to the use of fuels on fuel tank corrosion resistant is essential. Previous research had already explored tank corrosion resistance (without surface treatment) using pertalite and pertamax and the finding showed that corrosion rate was quite high. Thus, in this current study, before testing the corrosion rate, the tanks were electroplated. It is expected that this could reduce the corrosion rate. This research was initiated with the preparation of material and tools, the cutting of fuel tank, and the electroplating of nickel. Then, it was followed by corrosion testing by using variety of pertalite and pertamax. The value of corrosion rates indicated corrosion resistance. The result of this study revealed that the corrosion rate of fuel tank using pertamax was smaller than that of pertalite. The value of corrosion rate of pertamax was 0.020 mmpy while the corrosion rate of pertalite was 0.023 mmpy.

Keywords
pertamax, pertalite, fuel tank, electroplating, corrosion

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Qzugp9BjeF64

Corresponding Author
Iman Saefuloh

Institutions
1. Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia
2. Chemical ENgineering, Universitas SUltan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
One of the ways to control corrosion is by using an inhibitor. Many alternative inhibitors have been used to control it. One of the inhibitors that can be used is inorganic inhibitor or chemical inhibitor. The use of inhibitor is indeed suitable to be applied to control corrosion attacks on internal pipes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the inhibitors used, the form of corrosion occurred, and the effect of the occurrence of corrosion on the hardness of the material given by the inhibitors. The test results in this study indicate that the use of sodium acetate and sodium nitrite is effective to inhibit corrosion attack rates. And based on the experiments, the form of corrosion that occurs is evenly corrosion.

Keywords
Inhibitor, Corrosion, Hardnes, Natrium Clorida, Natrium Asetat, Natrium nitrit

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8VKHqMCubEBX

Corresponding Author
ALI AKBAR

Institutions
(1,2,3) Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Abstract
Previous research stated that salt water cooling media has higher hardness value after going through the heat treatment process compared to freshwater cooling media. From this explanation, a study was conducted on the effect of using acid and alkaline solutions in the quenching process against the hardness of ST37 steel. This study uses vinegar water cooling media and soapy water. In this study several steps were carried out, namely: hardening on ST37 steel with a heating temperature of 700ºC with a holding time of 15 minutes, direct quenching with acidic cooling media (vinegar: 2.4 pH) and alkaline solution (soap water: 9.3 pH ) with a 15 minute holding time. After the heat treatment process and direct quenching on ST37 steel, Rockwell hardness was tested. From the test results, the use of acid and base solution cooling media in the quenching process has an effect on the hardness of ST37 steel, the best hardness value is an alkaline solution compared to an acid solution, alkaline solution has a hard value of 66.73 HRC, while acid solution has a hardness value of 64.31 HRC .

Keywords
ST37 steel, acid solution, alkaline solution, quenching, hardness.

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YgMcwAhNDxdr

Corresponding Author
Agus Dudung

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Departement, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
(b) Information Technology Departement, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
(c) Electrical Engineering Departement, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
The research aimed to examine the relationship between numerical reasoning abilities and academic achievement in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) course and the contribution of numerical reasoning of CNC course. This study employed a survey method with correlational causal relationships. The stratified random sampling proportional technique is employed with 30 engineering students . The results of the study show the significant relationship between numerical reasoning and academic achievement of CNC course with r count = 0.76. The two coefficients are terminated by independent variables (predictors of X) for changes in the dependent variable (Y criterion) of R square = 57.8%. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the two variables. Therefore the learning experiences should provide the opportunities for students to develop their numerical reasoning.

Keywords
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Practice, Numerical Reasoning, Engineering Students

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7UWky4Jd3RjN

Corresponding Author
HAFID SUHARYADI

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral (PEM) Akamigas Jalan Gajah Mada No. 38 Cepu, Blora, Jawa Tengah 58315, Indonesia

Abstract
A residual stress of Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films has been a problem in the magnetoelectric (ME) composites that are used in the AC magnetic field sensors. The present work aims to optimize the deposition process of AlN in order to fabricate a nearly-zero stress of AlN thin films as well as ME composites without losing the microstructural and piezoelectric properties. The influences of RF bias power and sputtering pressure on the residual stress, microstructure, and piezoelectric response have been investigated, which are measured by the stylus profilometer, X-ray diffractometry, and 4-point bending method, respectively. Two different stacks are deposited on Si/SiO$_2$ substrates: Ta/Pt/AlN and Ta/FeCoSiB/Ta/Pt/AlN. Pulsed DC reactive sputter depositions have been performed to deposit AlN films. With increasing the substrate bias, stress of the AlN films and the stacks with the magnetostrictive layer are augmented. This might be attributed to the void formation and and ion entrapment under the applied bias. A variation of the sputtering pressure is a promising way to fabricate nearly zero stress of the AlN films and the stacks without the magnetostrictive layer. Here, a higher energetic incident atoms and an enhanced surface diffusion are the dominating factors. A transition from tensile to compressive stress has been observed at the low sputtering pressure. Sputtering pressure also affects the stress of AlN films and the stacks with the magnetostrictive layer. Though, tensile stress is preserved within the sputtering pressure range. FWHM of AlN (0002) peaks are nearly constant within the ranges of the substrate bias. By reducing the sputtering pressure, FWHM is broadened due to lower ionization degree associated with AlN formation and greater number of micro-arcs. However, the magnitude of $e_{31,f}$ is increased due to a lower residual stress at the low sputtering pressure.

Keywords
Aluminum nitride; Substrate bias power; Sputtering pressure; Residual stress; Microstructure; Effective piezoelectric transverse coefficient

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/c3JGqtxMn7hZ

Corresponding Author
Wijianto Wijianto

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
* wijianto[at]ums.ac.id
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adhesive variation such as starch, used oil, coconut shell tar to the properties of sawdust briquette for instance volatile meter, ash content, fixed carbon content, water content, heating value, specific weight, and density. By composition 50% matrix and 50% adhesive, sawdust briquettes was made using a briquette pressing device with a pressure of 10 kg/cm2. The result of the analysis obtained that sawdust briquette with used oil as adhesive having better physical and mechanical properties compared by adhesive from starch and coconut shell tar.

Keywords
Sawdust briquette, Adhesive, Starch, Used oil, Coconut shell tar

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t4p6VyefKawZ