Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Fachri Koeshardono

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Ministry of Industry

Abstract
Engineering drawing as language between designer and manufacturer has been stagnant for the last century. However, with the rise of information technology in the past decade, the paper based document become digital format. It is inevitable for the engineering drawing toward this trend especially in the era of Industry 4.0. Model Based Definition is incepted when ASME Y14.41 was introduced in 1994. This paper present the model based definition of fire safe valve body in early stage of reverse engineering. This model that contains the data of product then could be used as further use especially in manufacturing process planning.

Keywords
Model Based Definition, Engineering Drawing, Reverse Engineering, Manufacturing Process Planning

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VW7KtbgdYArz

Corresponding Author
arif rahman saleh

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Magelang
*arifrahmansaleh[at]untidar.ac.id
b) Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

Abstract
Oil palm plantations produce waste that has not been used so far, namely oil palm fronds. This waste can be converted into energy in the form of producer gas using gasification technology. This study aimed to model the gasification process using Aspen PLUS in a multi-stage gasifier by adding air at the pyrolysis and oxidation zone. The influence of variations in air ratio (AR) between the pyrolysis and oxidation zones (0 - 50%) and the effect of gasification temperature from 700 - 1000oC on the producer gas composition were analyzed. Besides, the equivalent ratio (ER) is also varied from 0.3 - 0.5 to get the optimum syngas composition. From the modeling results, the rate of CO production is increased along with the increase in the temperature of pyrolysis while CO2 and char decrease. Besides, H2O and H2 also increase because the significant amount of inherent moisture is released from the feedstock. However, CH4 is unpredictable. Overall, Aspen PLUS modeling in this study can be used to obtain optimum operating conditions with variations of ER and AR

Keywords
Oil Palm Frond; Gasification; Multi-stage Gasification; Oxidative Pyrolysis

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KMA6tJqR7XUH

Corresponding Author
arif rahman saleh

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
Oil palm plantations produce waste that has not been used so far, namely oil palm fronds. This waste can be converted into energy in the form of gas using gasification technology. This study aimed to model the gasification process using Aspen PLUS in a multi-stage gasifier by inputting air at the pyrolysis and oxidation zone. The prediction of the modeling results is compared with the results of an experimental study of oil palm frond gasification from the literature. The influence of variations in air ratio (AR) between the pyrolysis and oxidation zones (0% - 50%) and the effect of gasification temperature from 700oC - 1000oC on the syngas composition were analyzed. Besides, the equivalent ratio (ER) is also varied from 0.3 - 0.5 to get the optimum syngas composition. From the modeling results, the rate of CO production is increased along with the increase in the temperature of pyrolysis while CO2 and char decrease. Besides, H2O and H2 also increase because the significant amount of inherent moisture is released from the feedstock. However, CH4 is unpredictable. Overall, Aspen PLUS modeling in this study can be used to obtain optimum operating conditions with variations of ER and AR.

Keywords
oil palm frond, multi-stage gasifier, gasification, syngas

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ExKk97BQY2Z3

Corresponding Author
Metha Islameka

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Regenerative braking is a way to harvest electric energy from braking mechanism which usually implemented in electric vehicles. Braking strategies are required to maximize the use of regenerative braking systems. This research aims to design a regenerative braking model for a medium-sized electric bus. Measurements of latitude, longitude, elevation, and speed were firstly conducted by using GPS-based Osmand Android application. Transjakarta Corridor 1 (Kota-Blok M) was used for a test track with a distance of 14 km. Besides using GPS data, WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure) data is also used for comparison. This study produced a braking strategy model that considers aerodynamic, rolling, and grade resistances as well as electrical component specifications of the electric bus. The model design is then compared to the existing serial, parallel and eco-models. With the design of this system, the regenerative braking model can harvest more energy which increases the mileage of the electric bus.

Keywords
Regenerative Braking, Energy Efficiency, Eco Model, Electric Bus

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/P6Y9uFQGRUq7

Corresponding Author
Sirojuddin Abbas

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Jakarta
b) Design Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Jakarta

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find out the best blade profile to increase power of banki water turbine. In this research the blade profile will be made in 5 variants. Variant P1 as a standard and other 4 variant P2, P3, P4 and P5 are the modification profile.The observation focus on output power and flow line contour inside runner of the turbine. The experiment was conducted by CFD software simulation. Head of the water is 5.5 m and discharge 2 m^3/min. Based on the simulation, test result shows that variant P2 is the highest with power increase 10.5 % compare to variant standard P1 and the best flow line countour compare to others.

Keywords
blade profile; banki water turbine; increase power; flow line

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZL8aTXRDtphq

Corresponding Author
Aryo Satito

Institutions
Program Studi Sarjana Terapan Teknik Mesin Produksi dan Perawatan
Jurusan Teknik Mesin
Politeknik Negeri Semarang

Abstract
The main requirement for steel material to be increased in hardness through the heat treatment process is the level of carbon content must be ≥ 0.3%. Steel material with a content of ≤ 0.3% must be increased in carbon content to ≥ 0.3% if it is to be hardened through a heat treatment process. The process of increasing carbon content in steel is known as a pack carburising process which is generally carried out without pressure. inthis method, the process of adding carbon content by heating soft steel specimens in containers containing 1000 mesh of carbon powder under pressure from two axial directions so that the distribution of carbon powder pressure is more evenly distributed than when pressure is only applied from one direction only. With this method, it is expected that the carbon gas diffusion and penetration of carbon atoms into the surface of the specimen will be deeper. The amount of pressure applied is 1 MPA, 2 MPa, and 3 MPa at temperatures of 800ºC, 900ºC and 1000ºC with the holding time of each process being 2 hours and 3 hours. The highest increase in carbon content was obtained from a process temperature of 1000 ºC with a biaxial pressure of 2 MPa and a holding time of 3 hours, amounting to 0.41% C. The greatest tensile strength is 823.6 N/mm2 obtained from a carburizing temperature of 900 ºC with a holding time of 2 hours and a biaxial pressure of 1 MPa. While the highest surface hardness achieved after the specimens were hardened at 900 ° C was 115.4 HRB obtained from a carburizing temperature of 1000 ºC with a holding time of 3 hours and a biaxial pressure of 1 MPa. The outputs of this research are Appropriate Technology in the field of adding carbon content to low carbon steel and modifying the mechanical properties of low carbon steel.

Keywords
biaxial, carburizing pack, soft steel, hardness

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/864LxPD9Eepw

Corresponding Author
ni ketut caturwati

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Fresh water is a basic requirement in the life of living things, especially humans, but the natural conditions with the sea area that dominates the earth make the source of fresh water on the face of the earth very limited. The coastal area and swamp area are areas which in general are very difficult to obtain sources of fresh water. One of the efforts that can be done in overcoming this problem is by treating unsuitable water around it with distillation solar methods. But the main obstacle obtained is the intensity of sunlight that is unstable throughout the day so that the productivity of distilled water becomes unstable. In this study, the effect of the addition of PCM in solar still systems was investigated to increase the productivity of distillate water produced. PCM material is a heat storage material when the intensity of solar radiation is high and will immediately release the heat stored when the radiation intensity decreases. The PCM material used in this study is myristic Acid which is a Saturated Fatty Acid extracted from nutmeg plants which has a melting temperature of around 50 - 60 ˚C, thus this material is very suitable to be used as PCM material in solar distillation systems.

Keywords
fresh water, solar distillation, PCM, myristic Acid, Thermal storage

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tQG2WycVZK4m

Corresponding Author
Nazaruddin Sinaga

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*) nsinaga.ccfed[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils is an important foundation for the aerodynamic design and the performance analysis of the wind turbine. The purpose of the study reported herein was to obtain the effect of the free stream turbulence intensity on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoil NACA 4415, by using a two-dimensional numerical method. The study was performed by varying the turbulence intensity from 0.1% to 10% at fReynolds number of 216,000, and by changing the angle of attack from -4 to 24 degrees. The airfoil has a chord length of 0.153 m. The finite volume method was used in this study, and the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil was analysed. The lift and drag coefficient of the airfoil were discussed and validated. It was found that The free stream turbulence intensity can reduce the values of CD, CD, CP and CL/CD, while The free stream turbulence intensity does not significantly affect the wake area behind the airfoil. The decrease in airfoil efficiency observed was caused by disruption of the boundary layer flow which resulted in a decrease in the total pressure coefficient on the airfoil surface. The intensity of turbuence can attenuate the thickness of the boundary layer, which results in a decrease in shear stress on the surface of the airfoil. It is concuded that the free stream turbulence has a significant effect on airfoil performance, where the effect can increase or decrease the performance

Keywords
airfoil, wind turbine, free stream, turbulence intensity, aerodynamic performance, numerical analysis, stall angle, lift and drag

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M7Yv6Xej38JZ

Corresponding Author
Budi Setiyana

Institutions
Laboratory for Engineering Design and Tribology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Diponegoro,
Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang 59275, Indonesia

Abstract
Hardness is an important mechanical property to express the rubber materials properties. The hardness is closely related to elastic modulus value that is usually obtained by indentation technique. In elastic modulus investigation, the indentation method is more practical to be applied than tensile test method. Analytically, due to the hyper-elastic and non-linear nature of rubber material, theoretical discussion about the rubber properties is difficult to be performed, therefore a numerical method is applied. This paper discusses the investigation of the elastic modulus of tire rubber specimens by indentation method numerically and compares to the tensile test method experimentally. Analysis was carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and two types rubber materials were analysed that were often called as hard compound and soft compound, in the form of vulcanized rubber commonly used for tires. Indentation modelling was carried out to comply the standards determined by ASTM D 1415-88. Mooney-Rivlin model for Strain Energy Function (SEF) was applied to describe the material-s behaviour. The analysis shows that the results of the indentation method are close to the results of the tensile test method.

Keywords
elastic modulus, hardness, indentation, rubber

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RXB9DEMAqjF3

Corresponding Author
Handrico Ramelan Pratama

Institutions
Handricoramelanpratama[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Stability control is one of the important factors in flight, wings of the world known function change of air that flows into a lift and drag. Fairing Flap Track is known to increase the stability controls on the wings. This research discuss our results to see configuration the Fairing Flap Track to wings, fairing inspired by Sailfish fins and Blue Shark fins. This studies of configuration influence of fairing flap track on angle of attack 0 degree to 35 degree of the speed 100 km/h type Naca 4412 and NACA 6412. This research is knowing coefficient drag, coefficient lift and lift to drag ratio using software computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The results of simulation studies it is knowing that after mounting the fairing that the value coefficient of lift and coefficient of drag of the NACA 6412 of the higher than types of NACA 4412. The second model of airfoil and fairing knowing decrease the value coefficient of lift on 20 angle of attack. Shifting the point of stagnation toward lower side due to angle of attack. Fairing Flap Track has a major influence on the reducing drag caused by the effect of compressible.

Keywords
Angle of attack, coefficient drag, coefficient lift and lift to drag ratio

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dXxFJ8BZq9pv

Corresponding Author
Ach. Muhib Zainuri

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang

Abstract
Boiler as one of the main equipment in steam power plant system that has important function as steam generation for rotating turbine. Failure of boiler result in operational cause lowering the power capacity of the steam power plant system on the whole. From the data observation, boiler failure frequencies because of leakage on boiler tubes. To analyze the boiler tube failure accurately, information of temperature operated on the outer surface tube for keeping saturated steam in the evaporator and information of temperature distribution on the furnace wall are needed. The main objective of this study is to investigate several areas in which the failure of furnace water walls boiler exist. A combined analysis of thermal and strength of material has been performed, in order to calculate the temperature and velocity fields inside furnace of the water tube boiler. Due to the geometrical complexity of the model, GAMBIT applications was used to generate a computer-based model. All numerical calculations have been performed using the commercial CFD package FLUENT. The results obtained were numerically verified as well as compared with some field test result.

Keywords
thermal analysis, strength of materials, temperature contour, velocity vectors, overheating, corrosion

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/anQJbzBCZeru

Corresponding Author
Meifal Rusli

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang 25163 - Indonesia.
*henderydahlan[at]eng.unand.ac.id,
*meifal[at]eng.unand.ac.id

Abstract
The phenomenon of crack branching is one of the typical fracture behaviors. The effect of orientation crack branching is investigated in this paper. By considering a static branched crack in a 2D plate under uniaxial traction, the numerical study is carried out for two study cases. The first study case is a symmetric crack branching in which the various crack branching lengths and orientations have same value between both cracks branching. The second case is an asymmetric case crack branching. In this case, both crack branching length has constant certain value. Furthermore, the first orientation of crack branching is constant and then the second one has various values. The stress intensity factors of the crack tips are calculated for both study cases. It is revealed that for the symmetric case, the increasing of the crack branching length will increase the value of stress intensity factor for various orientations of crack branching. Whereas, the stress intensity factor will tend to decrease along with the increasing of the crack branching orientation. In the asymmetric case, the stress intensity factor of first crack branching will increase, but the stress intensity factor of second crack branching will decrease along with increasing of the second orientation crack branching.

Keywords
crack branching; crack orientation; stress intensity factor

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/L8HDwRBNYeUM

Corresponding Author
Andriyanto Setyawan

Institutions
Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012
*andriyanto[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
The tropical climate in Indonesia promises the availability of solar energy year-round. However, the utilization is very limited. This paper discuses an experimental investigation on the use of solar energy for supplying a refrigeration machine using an AC mini freezer with power input of 85 W supplied by 200 Watt-peak solar panel. The experiment was carried out in Bandung, Indonesia, and showed that the average energy density of solar radiation is 445 W/m2 while the average output of the panel is 106.4 Watts. The daily average energy supplied to the battery is 1182 Wh, sufficient for continuous operation of the freezer in 13.9 hours. If the machine has an on/off cycle with a usage factor of 56.8%, as in the experiment, the energy could operate the machine within 24.4 hours.

Keywords
solar power plant, refrigeration, solar radiation

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dzPn7LmUac8y

Corresponding Author
arif rahman saleh

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia
*arifrahmansaleh[at]untidar.ac.id
b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
c) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Magelang, Indonesia

Abstract
The main product of the slow pyrolysis process was char, while the additional products were volatile gas and bio-oil. Ideally, the pyrolysis process occurs in an inert condition or without air. in case there was air, the char will be oxidized and produce CO and CO2. In this study, the air addition with the amount under the stoichiometric was carried out in the slow pyrolysis process of oil palm frond. The influence on the distribution of pyrolysis products in the form of char, volatile-gas, and bio-oil was analyzed using the Aspen Plus model. Pyrolysis temperatures vary from 300 - 600oC with a heating rate of 10oC / minute. The modeling results show an increase in the volumetric percentage of CO and a decrease in the percentage of char because that was consumed by a partial oxidation reaction. in case the amount of air continues to be increased, the percentage of CO decreases and CO2 increases. The results of the study can be used as a reference to optimize the slow pyrolysis process when the increase of volatile gases was desired.

Keywords
oil palm frond;slow pyrolysis;oxydative pyrolysis;aspen plus

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/p9GY4TERvkHW

Corresponding Author
Deni Mulyana

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Departement, Politeknik Negeri Bandung
*deni.mulyana[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
The fishing ship propulsion system will affect the performance of the ship and impact the fishermens income. A crucial factor is the level of efficiency produced by propellers mounted on fishing vessels. In B-series propellers, propeller efficiency can be optimized by varying the size of the geometric dimensions. This propeller optimization process can be done after the ship resistance value is known. In Cirebon waters, as in other regions in Indonesia, the selection of propellers by fishermen is still unclear. Most are only based on the availability of goods on the market, without looking at how big the actual ship resistance occur. In this research, one of the fishing boats that will be built will be chosen to estimate the ships resistance, after that by considering the engine used as its driving source, the geometry dimensions that can produce the highest efficiency are sought. Estimation of ship resistance is sought by the Holtrop method and propeller optimization is carried out with the help of software. From the results of this study, the value of ship resistance commonly used by Cirebon waters fishermen is 2.608 kN at an operational speed of 7 knots. Optimized propeller design provides a 6 percent increase in efficiency compared to previously used propellers.

Keywords
b-series propeller, optimization, efficiency

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BLuZ8zeK9WH6

Corresponding Author
Mulyadi Bin Sati"i Ramikan

Institutions
(1,3,4) Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
(2) Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
Jalan Raya Gelam 250 Candi, Sidoarjo 61271, Indonesia
*mulyadi[at]umsida.ac.id

Abstract
The CNC milling machining process is a very important process in manufacturing products because it affects the profitability of the production process. CAD / CAM programming software tools speed up the process and predict production process time. This study uses CAD / CAM simulation of HSM operations and uses the Taguchi method which is a method that can optimize process variables to get a good response. Process variables chosen are Speed, feed rate, depth of cut, step over, stay on surface and radius link. The type of tool used is an endmill with a diameter of 20 mm SECO Jabro-Solid-JS554 standard. The results of the study stated that the HSM machining simulation process that had a greater influence on machining time was feeding 680 mm / minute and 5 mm depth of cut. The experimental results confirm the ideal time produced is 34.25 minutes.

Keywords
CNC milling, CAD / CAM, feed rate, depth of cut, Taguchi method, HSM

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DmaFnxwGXvy7

Corresponding Author
Miftah Hijriawan

Institutions
a) Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University
Jalan Ir. Sutami No.36 A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology
2-12-1 Okayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
c) Renewable Energy Department, Politeknik Negeri Jember
Lingkungan Panji, Jember 68124, Indonesia

Abstract
Organic Rankine Cycle is a technology that convert low-temperature heat sources into a mechanical energy, and it can be used to produce electrical energy in a closed system. The heat sources can be received from renewable energy such as geothermal, solar, and biomass. Furthermore, the ORC system can also be used to increase energy efficiency in the industry by utilizing the waste heat produced. Therefore, there are two classification of the ORC system namely a heat recovery system and binary power plant. Recently, the ORC system has made a thrive in the geothermal power plant. The ORC system can be applied to resources with low to medium temperature characteristics (<90°C - 150°C). This paper will present an overview of the implementation, model, and innovation of ORC system technology in geothermal resources.

Keywords
ORC, geothermal, heat recovery system, binary power plant

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Gcv7fW9nYxNP

Corresponding Author
Anis Roihatin

Institutions
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Semarang,
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
ABSTRACT - The role of ships for Indonesia is very important as a trigger for economic development and inter-island liaison. In line with the Indonesian government program in realizing the sea toll program and as the ruler of the world maritime axis, the ship needs will increase rapidly then the shipping industry becomes the main foundation in supporting this program. However, the development of the shipping industry in Indonesia is still hampered because ship components are still largely imported. As many as 70% of ship components must be imported from abroad. While many domestic SMEs of ship components have not been standardized, so they have not been able to support the shipping industry. The purpose of this study is to formulate participatory rural appraisal strategy in realizing the standardization of ship components. The results of the research indicate that there are five main factors influencing the success of product standardization: function and performance of Local Working Group Platform, the involvement of strong certification institutions, availability of technical expert and supporting institutions, shipyard in Evaluation Monitoring. The standardization program undertaken by SMEs of ship component is very important to support the shipping industry in Indonesia.

Keywords
ship, SMEs

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8KbyvCajF7xg

Corresponding Author
Randi Purnama Putra

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
The ducting system has considerable energy losses in channeling cold air in a tall building. At the square elbow 90-degree, the pressure drop due to friction loss, separation loss, and secondary flow. An increase in pressure drop can increase the amount of energy consumption needed. The method identified in reducing this energy loss is by using passive flow control. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the fluid in the ducting with variations in the circular turbulator gap. The variation of the gap between circular turbulator and 90-degree inner elbow (g/Dh) is 0.01 - 0.05. The ducting model used is a square duct with a hydraulic diameter of 125 mm. The results showed that the addition of circular turbulator g/Dh = 0.02 reduced the pressure drop by 20.52 percent. The use of circular turbulator on the 90-degree inner elbow causes the phenomenon of separating and reattaching. The shear layer deflected from the circular turbulator meets the free stream momentum so that it has high turbulence intensity. This fluid momentum reattaches the curved surface of the 90-degree inner elbows and can resist wall shear stress.

Keywords
Passive Flow Control, Square Elbow, Circular Turbulator, Pressure Drop

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JKaZtxNFpv8e

Corresponding Author
Ignatius Henry Adi Nagoro

Institutions
1 Mechanical Engineering Departement, Akademi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Indonesia
Jl. Raya Solo-Baki Km. 2. Kwarasan, Grogol Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Tel: 62-27-162-1178

a)Corresponding author: henryadinagoro[at]gmail.com
b) qwedys[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Abstract. This experimental study was carried out to understand the characteristics of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) compared to pertamina fuel product such as pertamax and pertamax turbo in spark ignition engine. In our project, liquid fuel delivery system was conducted by the carburetor and convertion into LPG fuel supply system was controlled by Arduino uno. The experimental result showed that liquid fuel was reach more better motor performance than the LPG, the highest power was reach by pertamax turbo of 7,5 HP at engine rpm 5.750 rpm, followed by pertamax of 6,05 HP at engine rpm 6.050 rpm, and the lowest power was 2,61 HP was reach by LPG at 11.650 rpm. On the otherhand, HC, and CO of LPG fueled engine resulted in the lowest emissions benefit over a wide range of engine operating condition.

Keywords
performance, emissions, LPG, LPG convertion

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BbKDXfREFG9W

Corresponding Author
syarifudin syarifudin

Institutions
1Harapan Bersama Polytechnic, Indonesia
2Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Abstract
Jatropha renewable energy is widely used as diesel engine fuel due to the improving dependence on fossil diesel fuel and the volume of motor vehicles. Jatropha was chosen because it is non-edible energy and it is easily produced. However, high viscosity and low heating value become performance and emissions of diesel engine problems. Butanol is a low viscosity alcohol group and it contains oxygen in high volume. The addition of butanol is proven to improve performance and reduce diesel engine emissions. This research observed the performance and soot emissions of a 4JB1 direct injection diesel engine fueled with a blended of diesel-jatropha-butanol fuel. The test was operated at 2500 rpm with a loading rate of 0 to 100% at an interval of 25%. The volume of the biodiesel mixture are 85/10/5, 80/10/10, 75/10/15, 75/20/5, 70/20/10, 65/20/15, 65/30/5, 60/30 / 10, 55/30/15 based on volume. Test results show the use of fuel with jatropha which is contains 10% and 15% butanol having results in a higher performance increase and lower smoke opacity than the D100.

Keywords
butanol, jatropha, performa, soot emission

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/y6eg3VNFcdPD

Corresponding Author
Andriyanto Setyawan

Institutions
Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012
*andriyanto[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
An experiment on the effect of the relative humidity variations of outdoor air on the performance of an air conditioning system under constant dry-bulb temperature has been performed. In this experiment, the outdoor air temperature was maintained at 35°C while the relative humidity was varied from 40% to 70%. As a result, the operating conditions were slightly changed. In general, the suction temperature decreases with the increase of relative humidity. On the other hand, the condensing temperature slightly increases with the increase of relative humidity. Other findings for the experiment are almost constant of cooling capacity, with a variation of only 1.2%. An important evidence is that the condenser capacity increases by 15.2% for the relative humidity variation from 40% to 70%.

Keywords
relative humidity, cooling capacity, condenser capacity, energy efficiency ratio

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wBzuR3EX69HN

Corresponding Author
Bagus Yunanto

Institutions
Marine Engineering Department ,Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya (SHIPS)

Abstract
Abstract—Fuel system modification techniques to improve engine efficiency could be the way to slow down the energy crisis caused by the lack of new fuel inventions. The Compression Ignition (CI) diesel engine is one of the most preferred engines for both in-land and marine transportation motors. The advantages of compact dimensions and large generated power make CI diesel engine superior to other engine types. The large number of single CI diesel engines use in small fishing vessel engines and agricultural machinery will contribute substantially to fuel consumption in a cumulative manner. Previous researchs on the modification of fuel system with bi-fuel system High Speed Diesel (HSD)oil – Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) system capable of reducing Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) up to 24% and exhaust gas opacity up to 68%. Subsequent studies focused on engines with single fuel HSD oil but were injected with superheated steam in 1 atm (abs) 130 oC by utilizing Heat Recovery Generating System (HRSG) using heat of exhaust gas for a flowrate of 1.5 - 4.5 kg/hour. It is capable of delivering the performance improvement of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), which is reduced by 8.92% compared to diesel engines without steam injection. Recent research combines the above two modification methods so that diesel will adopt two types of fuel- oil-LPG with additional superheated steam injection resulting from exhaust gas heat cogeneration system. Experimental results of the diesel engine with LPG injection maintained at 0.4 kg/h and 3.5 kg/h superheated steam with an engine variation loading of 0.3-0.7 kWh provide an average AFR of 30.09 and SFC improvement up to 37.2% lower than SFC engine standard with a single fuel HSD oil.

Keywords
Cogeneration, steam injection, diesel engine, energy efficiency, SFC

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F6HZGRQ8yvrN

Corresponding Author
Imron Rosyadi

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
The Indonesia Government is targeting the use of biofuel to be 30% diesel fuel and 20% bioethanol from the total needs of diesel fuel and gasoline by 2025. Diesel engine exhaust gas contains a lot of particulates because it is influenced by factors from fuel which is not clean. The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel is expected to provide a solution to reduce exhaust emissions from diesel engines. The 132 CC one cylinder diesel engine is used to test the effect of bioethanol addition on performance and exhaust emissions. The first research method was carried out by the fumigation method, namely the process of mixing diesel and bioethanol directly in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. The second method is compared with Blending. High Speed Diesel (HSD) is mixed with bioethanol by adding surfactants that can emulsify water and oil to reduce the surface tension of the fuel. In this experiment it is divided into four variations, namely: for variation 1 pure HSD, variation 2 (93% HSD, 2% surfactant and 5% ethanol), variation 3 (HSD 88%, 2% surfactant and ethanol 10 %), variation 4 (83% HSD, 2% surfactant and 15% ethanol) and variation 5 Fumigation method (ethanol and HSD. The rotation speed of the 132 cc diesel engine was varied at rpm 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000. Tests were carried out at the Performance Engine Laboratory and Mechanical Engineering Manufacturing Laboratory in Engineering Faculty Of Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The results of this research is The power is produced by ethanol and HSD greater than pure HSD fuel. Both the blend method and the fumigation method have high power. Blending of HSD and ethanol has an efficient specific fuel consumption (Sfc).

Keywords
Fumigation, blending, bioethanol, gas emissions

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Z3gx9ET2uzUc

Corresponding Author
dharmanto dharmanto

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
The comparison of porosity, oxygen and carbon concentrations in stainless steel powder particles produced from the conduit plasma atomization and the gas atomization will be discussed in this study. Where a conduit plasma atomizer can produce stainless steel particles with a more perfect spherical, there are no satellites attached to particles, but more pores than particles of stainless steel powder produced from gas atomization. On the other hand, porous stainless steel particles can be useful in making metal implants in orthopedic surgery. The modulus of elasticity and strength of stainless steel can be controlled using porous materials with various porosity to suit the strength and modulus of natural bone elasticity. SEM and EDS testing on a cross section of powder particles has been carried out to determine the characteristics of pores in 304 stainless steel powder particles. Pores of the stainless steel 304 powder particles from the gas atomization result in porosity percent, oxygen element weight percent and carbon weight percent, amounting to 6.61%, 7.4%, and 30.24% respectively, while pores on the stainless steel 304 powder particles from the conduit plasma atomization result in porosity percent, oxygen element weight percent and carbon weight percent amounting to 15.06%, 14.45%, and 28.07% respectively. So that the conduit plasma atomization is possible more suitable for producing particles with porous spherical metal powder as feed stock in metal injection molding applications compared to gas atomization.

Keywords
Porosity, Conduit Plasma atomizer, Gas Atomizer, Spherical particle, Stainless steel powder

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TBn7vjRbQ8YF

Corresponding Author
Yheni Mulyaningsih

Institutions
(1)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia
(2) Department of Applied Physics, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia

*aditiya.harjon[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id

Abstract
In a mission to reduce the world-s dependency on non-renewable energy sources, through decades, researches are striving to find the best alternative energy substitutions. Considering the abundance availability of renewable sources, green algae are discovered as one promising candidate of future energy alternative. The aim of this research is to study the bioethanol production from green algae through acid hydrolysis. In this study, the acid hydrolysis was performed by utilizing sulphuric acid (H2SO4) at concentration range of 1.0M-2.0M. Further, hydrolysis temperature was also varied at 50, 70 and 90°C. In this stage, a fixed hydrolysis period was set for 30 minutes. As acid pretreatment is considered in this study as an effective way to convert carbohydrates into fermentable sugars, the sugars produced in this experiment would lead to an excellent grade of bioethanol produced. From the obtained result, green algae show a feasibly potential as the third generation bioethanol feedstock, which worth for substituting the use of fossil fuel in the near future.

Keywords
bioethanol; green algae; acid hydrolysis;

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zgBR6k3F4XAU

Corresponding Author
Kautsar Munazz Firdaus

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Education Department FPTK UPI

Abstract
ABSTRACT Cattle raising is inseparable from the continuous supply and preparation of food. To increase livestock productivity, one important factor that must be considered is the supply of forage both in quality and quantity. The purpose of designing a crusher machine of elephant grass as cattle feed is 1) being able to determine the design of the machine precisely, 2) being able to determine the design of the right cutting knife, 3) being able to determine the engine transmission system circuit, 4) being able to determine the required motor drive power machines, 5) being able to build machines in accordance with the plans that have been made, and 6) determine the effectiveness of the machine with the results of cattle feed production. This machine design step begins with field observations to the “RT.02” cattle breeder group in the Cilumber Village at Tangkuban Parahu street, Lembang, West Bandung to analyze the situation of partners, analyze problems owned by partners and develop data collection techniques through book references and journals related to the topic of discussion and then become solutions to partner problems. The next step is the preparation of working drawings, manufacturing and testing tools with the results of the design of this cattle feed crusher machine is 1) the technique of cutting this machine with 4 blades that cut the grass continuously, 2) the transmission system of this engine changes the rotation of the power motor from 2400 rpm to 800 rpm, with components in the form of 2 pulleys of 2 inch and 6 inch diameter connected by v-belts type A no. 41, 3) the design of this engine requires 2.5 kW of power motor and 6) the results of the performance test show that the engine is working quite well, producing grass cutters of 1-7 cm in size with a cutting capacity of 200 kg / hour.

Keywords
elephant grass, crusher machine, capacity, production.

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FWQzKAfEU8qh

Corresponding Author
Rinna Untari

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
(b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan

Abstract
The Government of Indonesia through Vision Energy 25/25 saves energy by saving fossil fuels. One sector that consume the largest fossil fuel is transportation. Through the vision, this sector has a great opportunity to make savings by converting fossil fuels into biofuels as stipulated in the mandatory B20 policy. The success of the implementation of the policies depends on providing socialization to the public. Therefore, the objective of this study is to collect the information about the level of knowledge of the community in receiving information about the use of biofuels in the transportation sector. This is a quantitative study using a questionnaire in data collection, finding that peoples understanding of biofuels, including the perception and information of biofuels, still needs to be improved. The results of the research can be used to assist in the planning, implementation and evaluation of policies made in the use of biofuels in the transportation sector in Indonesia.

Keywords
biofuel, fossil fuel, public knowladge, transportation, energy policy

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dPqFrD2ACuBU

Corresponding Author
Ibnu Mubarak

Institutions
Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Mesin
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the type of chain suitable for use on karts, besides that this study aimed to determine the safety factors of chain hinges and sprocket gears used in redesigned karts. The method used in this study uses descriptive analysis method, namely by describing the data about the chain wheel on karts, after describing the data, the data are analyzed theoretically about the forces that occur in the chain wheel and the safety of the use of chain wheels used in redesigned karts. After analyzing the data, the results show that the chain wheels on the redesigned kart are safe to use. This is indicated by the acquisition of a hinge safety factor value of 4.02. The results of this study have an impact on the use of chain wheels on the redesigned karts in the safe category to be used for kart racing purposes.

Keywords
Chain-Drive,RE-DESIGN TONY KART MITOX GOKART MODEL,kart,safety factor

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gdYHM3bFvaeD

Corresponding Author
Windah Yuniar

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan

Abstract
The development of renewable energy in a country is influenced by public understanding by its people and this understanding is influenced by public literacy. To improve this, effort is needed to increase the level public literacy by improving readability. We study the readability of geothermal energy in vocational high school textbooks written in Indonesian. This is conducted because it is considered to have an effect on the low utilization ratio in the country. This readability research uses survey methods with population is student in vocational high school. Text material is read by the respondent and they are asked to give the impression whether the text is easy or difficult to understand. From this study, the factors that influence the ability to understand text information are displayed. The purpose of this study is to improve geothermal energy literacy, there for the application and development of this energy increase in the future.

Keywords
Readability; Textbooks; Geothermal Energy; Renewable Energy; Vocational Schools

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zQcgdwnUGVvr