Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Harianto Wibowo

Institutions
a) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*dianahmadhapidin[at]gmail.com
b) Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) was categorized into PM2.5 and PM10 based on its size. Many studies have proofed that tin soldering process generates aerosol in PM2.5 and PM10 category. This solder device is familiar and usually used in home repairs, industrial production sites, and school laboratories. The paper discusses physical and chemical properties of rosin fume which was originated from solder flux heating. The physical and chemical properties of the rosin fume such as particle size, PM2.5 mass concentration, FTIR characterization, SEM and EDX characterization. The size and mass concentration characterization were evaluated using calibrated PM sensor (Honeywell, HPMA115S0-XXX). It was found that PM2.5 mass concentration may reach 650 μg/m3 at 289 °C solder temperature. Whereas, the FTIR spectra (Bruker, Alpha), SEM and EDX were used to analyze the chemical composition and the morphology of the tin wire aerosol which were previously captured by an aerosol sampler.

Keywords
Aerosol; soldering; PM2.5 mass concentration

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PtwfeJbc6MFn

Corresponding Author
okta nurwidyas amalia

Institutions
a) Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*brian[at]tf.itb.ac.id
b) Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Based on International Energy Outlook-2018, the total energy consumption of non-OECD countries is predicted to increase by almost 41% from 2010 to 2040. The use of electricity has increased more rapidly than other energy sectors, around 4.8% from 2015 to 2016. This can be solved by utilizing the potential of solar energy. Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy by solar cells. The commonly used solar cells are crystalline silicon. However, these solar cells have disadvantages in the production cost and light absorption. Therefore it is necessary to use another absorber material called Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). The fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 material is carried out by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis because this method is simple, quick, and can be used for mass production. The effects of Cu concentration on structure, optical properties, electrical properties, and morphology are investigated by varying the moles of Cu by 1 mmol, 1.3 mmol, 1.6 mmol and 1.9 mmol. The X-ray diffraction characterization shows the material formed is Cu2ZnSnS4 with secondary phases in the form of ZnS, Cu2S, and SnS. The Cu2ZnSnS4 material formed is Cu-poor and Zn-rich with band gap of 1,7 eV-1,95 eV and semi-crystalline structure. The addition of Cu concentration doesn’t have a clear relationship with crystallinity, Cu content after sulfurization, band gap, and grain growth.

Keywords
Solar cell; Cu2ZnSnS4; Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis; Band gap

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jeLgc2hp6FXx

Corresponding Author
Neni Surtiyeni

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology

Abstract
A composite board has been successfully fabricated from domestic waste. Waste consisting of a mixture of vegetables, plastic, paper and fabric was used as filler, while polyvinyl acetate was used as adhesive. The fabrication used simple methods of mixing and hot pressing. The characterization of the mechanical strength was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. To increase the strength of the composite, it was necessary to vary the size of the fiber. The addition of laminated glass fibers and repeated heating on hot presses resulted in a composite waste board with strength equivalent to albasiah wood or medium quality commercial particle board.

Keywords
Domestic waste; PVAc; Fiber size variation; Glass fiber; Repeated heating

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bEdc86WNrABG

Corresponding Author
Lina Suryanti

Institutions
a)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b)Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Faculty of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, Indonesia
c)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
d)Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universitas of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract
Supercapacitor is one of the energy storage devices with excellent of storing electrical energy, long cycle stability, high energy density, easy construction, environmentally friendly, has the ability to store fast power and longer discharge. Graphene, activated carbon, zinc oxide, and Mn2O3 are good materials which commonly used as supercapacitor electrodes. ZnO-C-based supercapacitor research is currently underway and shows considerable capacitance. Addition of manganese oxide such as Mn2O3 in ZnO-C film will produce good specific capacitance because carbon will reduce the poor conductivity of manganese oxide. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Mn2O3 in the ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) system to the performance of the supercapacitor produced. Mn2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method. Characterization of ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) symmetric supercapacitor was carried out using XRD, SEM-EDX and Cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that as the increase in mass addition of Mn2O3 caused the volume of the ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) film to increase exponentially. The morphology of the ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) film was the porous film with the highest porosity of 81.67%. Along with the increasing mass addition of Mn2O3, the specific capacitance of the ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) film increased exponentially from 1.07 to 3.46 F/g. In addition, along with the increase in mass addition Mn2O3, the energy density of the ZnO-C-x(Mn2O3) film increased exponentially from 0.38 to 1.23 Wh/kg.

Keywords
Supercapacitor, Mn2O3, Carbon, ZnO

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9YPmhevKFdpb

Corresponding Author
Apriwandi Apriwandi

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia
* erman.taer[at]lecturer.unri.ac.id
b) Departement of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract
The effect of physical activation temperature in the preparation process of activated carbon electrode for supercapacitorapplication has been analyzed successfully. The activated carbon made from jengkol shell with a combination of chemical and physical activation. The physical activation temperature variated of 800 ˚C, 850 ˚C, and 900 ˚C. High specific capacitances of activated carbon electrode as high as 220 F g-1 was found in physical activation temperature of 850 C. Additionally, physical properties of activated carbon also evaluated such as density, degree of crystallinity, surface morphology and chemical content. These excellent results show great potential for jengkol shell in developing energy storage devices of supercapacitor application.

Keywords
jengkol shell; activated carbon; supercapacitor

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XYvZabA6gWVu

Corresponding Author
Aldila Putri

Institutions
a)Department of Physics, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia
* erman.taer[at]yahoo.com
b)Department of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract
Potassium iodide (KI) has been added to aqueous-based electrolyte (sulfuric acid / H2SO4) has succeeded in showing the psuedo-capacitance properties that can increase the specific capacitance of supercapacitor cells. The carbon electrodes for supercapacitor cell made from bamboo stems. As supporting data, surface morphology and crystallinity of carbon electrodes have also been analyzed by using SEM and XRD characterization. Whereas in determining specific capacitance of supercapacitor cells, it was carried out using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The CV test results present the addition of KI 0.05 M in 1M H2SO4 solution has increased the electrode specific capacitance from 159 F g-1 to 200 F g-1.

Keywords
aqueous electrolyte; Potassium iodide; specific capacitance; supercapacitor

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C7hqxHneYBML

Corresponding Author
Atikah Ardi

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung
b) Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding Author : *krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has many benefits in medicine such as antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial activity, and inhibiting tumor growth. Garlic and PVP were blended to produce fiber. PVP was used to protect the properties of garlic. One of the methods to produce fiber of PVP/GE composite is using rotary forcespinning. Rotary forcespinning has been proven to increase production of polymeric nanofibers. The objective of this study was investigated the effect of a rotational speed of PVP/GE fiber toward morphology of PVP/GE fiber using a rotary forcespinning. PVP solution was synthesized by mixing 15 wt% PVP with aquades. The synthesized of PVP/GE with garlic extract in ratio of 10 : 5 (w/w). Various of rotational speed were 10,000, 11,000, 12,000, 13,000, 14,000, 15,000 and 16,000 rpm. The average diameter of PVP/GE fiber was investigated with optical microscope. It shows that the fiber diameter decrease with the increase of rotational speed. The result of fibers were smooth, no beads and uniform. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum present the functional groups of PVP/GE fiber.

Keywords
Rotary Forcespinning, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fiber

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mhpnQCbvw9YH

Corresponding Author
Denny Arianto

Institutions
(a) Departement of Physics, Faculty of mathemathic Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung
(b) Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl Ganesa no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding Author : *krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Rotary forcespinning (RFS) is a method to produce fiber. This method is very efficient, low cost and very produtive compared to other method. It has high rate production than electrospinnig. This study focused on the synthesis of mixture polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) fibers using RFS with varying rotating speed. The Fiber produced using RFS and solutions of PVP/PEG in distilled water and ethanol with concentrations 14 wt.%. The RFS process was performed at different rotational speed starting from 6.000, 8.000, 10.000, 12.000 and 14.000 rpm. The morphology and average diameter of PVP/PEG fibers was investigated using optical microscopy. Beaded fibers were at rotating speed 6.000 dan 8.000. The results showed that diameter of fibers decreased as rotating speed of RFS increased. The diameter of the PVP/PEG fibers was uniform

Keywords
rotary forcespinning, polyvinyl pyrolidone , Polyethylene glycol, fiber

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/auZk6dAJYctq

Corresponding Author
Abdul Rajak

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
b) Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services,
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Corresponding authors:
*krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id, **miftah[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of polystyrene product, which is lightweight and has a a low density. EPS is widely used for packaging of various products such as electronics and foods products. Many industries use EPS because of its versatility, dimensional stability, cleanliness, and low cost. Unfortunately, the EPS waste are disposable, undegradable and environmentally harmful, which make the recycling of this waste is necessary. However, due to their very low density, the waste in bulk form is uneconomical to transport to the recycle facilities. One way to do to reduce the EPS waste volume is by dissolving them in solvent. An aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene, cyclic hydrocarbon and methylcyclohexan, such as d-limonene and dimethylformamide (DMF) are well-known EPS solvents to dissolve the EPS waste completely. However, each solvent dissolve the EPS differently because each solvent has difference boiling point and evaporation rate. In this study, we reported the difference of dissolution rate of EPS using d-limonene and DMF solvent, as well as their combination. The mass combination ratio of d-limonene and DMF were varied. The dissolution rate and the percentage of volume reduction from each variation were reported.

Keywords
Expanded polystyrene waste, dissolution rate

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nyK9rGcfxW3A

Corresponding Author
norman iskandar

Institutions
1st-4th : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Diponegoro
5th :Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semarang State University
6th :Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wahid Hasyim

Abstract
Austenite temperature must be achieved in the surface hardening process. In the process of surface hardening by the method of flame hardening, failure is often encountered, for example, such as increasing the value of hardness that is not optimal, and the value of hardness that is less uniform The type of fire used, the distance of fire to the specimen, the speed of fire and the level of thickness of the material are factors that are very influential in the process of flame hardening. The purpose of this study is to measure and observe the profile or rate of the trend of increase and decrease in temperature in the flame hardening process in low carbon steel material.The experiment method that is carried out is by giving the variation of the rate. The measurement process uses several thermocouples mounted on the specimen and connected to a computer for the process of data recording and process monitoring. The conclusion of this study is the greater the value of the thickness of low carbon steel material that is processed by flame hardening, so to reach the temperature of austenitization by the method of flame hardening the speed of fire must be slowed. An improper combination between the distance of fire and specimens and the speed of fire can cause austenite temperature not to be reached. The heat reduction rate takes place more slowly than the rate of increase in heat. the speed of fire and distance of fire to low carbon steel which has varying levels of thickness.

Keywords
Austenitization, flame hardening, low carbon steel, temperature, thickness

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EjuB8UH4Lge7

Corresponding Author
Cipta Panghegar Supriadi

Institutions
a) Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
*cipta.panghegar[at]gmail.com
b) Center for Research of Pysiscs, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract
The emerging Portable Device and Electrical Vehicle require safe, portable, and high-power energy sources which may be supplied by Lithium Ion Battery (LIB). The currently available carbon anode in LIB’s system posseses some safety issue such as volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation and formation of solid electrolyte Interphase (SEI) that can be harmful for battery. Accordingly, anode material Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) shows a promising properties that may overcome safety problems caused by carbon anode. However, the low electronic and ionic conductivity are main bottleneck for its application. This research focuses on synthesizing LTO using nano TiO2 synthesized through Sol-gel method. Moreover, the effect of TiO2 crystalline size will be discussed as well. Crystalline size of TiO2 is adjusted by varying calcination temperature at 300oC; 400oC; and 500oC and heated for 6 hours. The crystallite size shown by X-ray diffraction patterns are 7,71 nm ; 15,16 nm ; 23,99 nm, respectively. Furthermore, The obtained TiO2 powder is sintered. The result shows that relatively pure LTO is successfully synthesized using 15,16 nm TiO2. The coin cell are assembled to analyze Li4Ti5O12 anode electrochemical performances.

Keywords
Lithium Ion Battery, Lithium Titanate, Sol gel

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vD7qLcpJCwn6

Corresponding Author
Iswanti Sihaloho

Institutions
1Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Air filter technology has been applied widely in various fields, e.g. industry, health, and environment. The performance of air filter is characterized by quality factor value which depends on the filtration pressure drop and efficiency. The pressure drop can be obtained by measuring the pressure different of both sides of the filter when the air is flown through it. The filtration efficiency can be measured by counting the number of particles before and after filtration. For this purpose, particles with known sizes are required to obtain the filtration efficiency curve as the function of particle size. Polystyrene latex (PSL) is monodisperse particle with perfect spherical shape. Their size uniformity is advantages for their application as the particle source for the air filter characterization. This paper discusses the air filter characterization using PSL particles with various sizes. The air filters in this study were polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes, which were prepared by electrospinning technique. The thickness of the PAN membranes were varied by setting the electrospinning time. We also compared the filtration performance of the PAN membranes to the commercial filter. The filtration efficiency to particle diameter curve depicted the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) value of 294 nm.

Keywords
Air filter, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, Polystyrene, MPPS

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GCcVPYFhqEmx

Corresponding Author
Prasetya Widodo

Institutions
a) Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology–National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 12440, Indonesia
b) Health Facilty Safety Center-Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10570, Indonesia
c) Department of Physics, FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*cuk.imawan[at]sci.ui.ac.id

Abstract
A colorimetric method for dosimetry is widely used in irradiator facilities due to its simple measurement method and low cost. These type of dosimeters are made from dyes that are sensitive to radiation. Tartrazine is one of the dyes that are sensitive to gamma radiation and safe because it is a food coloring agent. In this study the results of experiments and characterization of dosimeters made from tartrazine liquid dyes were reported. Tartazine liquid used has a pH of 6. This liquid has been tested for gamma exposure in the dosage range of 5-100 kGy. Moreover, the stability of the color of this liquid has been investigated for storage conditions in light and dark for 21 days. The characterization of the liquid dosimeters was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optical spectrum of the liquid tartrazine shows absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 430 nm. The value of the absorbance peak gradually decreases with increasing value of the gama irradiation absorbed. The dose response from the liquid dosimeters is quite linear for the gamma dose range of 5-30 kGy on the logarithmic scale. Besides that, the color of the liquid shows good stability in light and dark storage conditions. Based on these results it can be concluded that this liquid tartrazine is a good candidate as a routine dosimeter for irradiation applications that require a wide range of doses.

Keywords
liquid tartrazine; dosimetry; gamma radiation; colorimetric

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/K2qBH3tZ7yUv

Corresponding Author
Nadiya Miftachul Chusna

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(b) Research Center of Minerals and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
*sunaryono.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Series of ferrogel samples have been successfully fabricated by using the freezing-thawing role. The filler used in ferrogel is magnetic material of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag which is synthesized by the co-precipitation method and chemical reduction. Whereas, the matrix used in ferrogel is a polymer composite of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). The characterization of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag powder was carried out by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and antibacterial activities. While the Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag-CMC / PVA ferrogel was successfully characterized by antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. The XRD pattern of the powder of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag illustrates the peaks owned by Fe3O4 and silver phases. The morphology of the Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag powder using TEM characterization shows the particles size of the Fe3O4 and Ag is 5.03 and 4.34 nm respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetization hysteresis curve of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag showed a decrease from 20.74 emu / g to 15.53 emu / g along with the addition of Ag material. Through the agar diffusion method, samples of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag powder and Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag -CMC/PVA ferrogel showed excellent antibacterial activity as indicated by the widening of zones that were not overgrown with bacteria around the sample. Thus, the Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag powder and Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/Ag-CMC/PVA ferrogel is potential for use in the biomedical field.

Keywords
ferrogels; magnetic properties; antibacterial; chemical reduction

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MZugEKtyxh9D

Corresponding Author
Yedija Yusua

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara BLS 21 Yogyakarta,
55281 Indonesia
*adib[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
The electronic structure of bulk Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite (HOIP) CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br and Cl) has been investigated using a computational method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The investigation demonstrates that spin splitting is found when a favoured orientation of organic cation is aligned along the [111], the [101] and the [011] directions. We show that Rashba splitting is induced with the anisotropical character of spin polarization in [111] directions, whereas the unidirectional out-of-plane of spin polarizations are achieved in [011] and [101] directions. By employing k ⃗∙p ⃗ perturbation theory based on symmetry consideration, we find a large spin-orbit strength from these splitting. These findings show that the bulk HOIP CH3NH3PbX3 is a promising material for the development of perovskite-based spintronic devices.

Keywords
First-Principles Calculations, Spin-Orbit Interaction, Spintronics, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Topic
Theoretical and Analysis in Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aNj89EkMwtqy

Corresponding Author
Zahir Masrul

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri
Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
c) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
d) School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Research on exploring new materials and structures and optimizing of integrated photosupercapacitors systems are extensively developed. In this work, we report the study of the influence of light intensity on the performance of photosupercapacitors. The photosupercapacitors was constructed from active materials TiO2-ZnO-natural dye-DSSC-and BaTiO3-PVDF based supercapacitors. In the DSSC section, we used TiO2-ZnO for their excellent photon absorbing and electron mobility efficiency. In supercapacitor section, was constructed using BaTiO3 high dielectric material and ionic porous flexible PVDF material. A flexible aluminum foil was implemented as a common contact electrode separated DSSC and Supercapacitor section. XRD, FTIR,and SEM were used to characterize the raw or composite materials. While the photoelectric current (Isc), and open current voltage (Voc) at various intensity was performed using photodetector. The photo charging on supercapacitor section was measured using LCR meter while impinging light intensity of 30400, 60800, 91200, 144500,and 170800 Lux. It is shown that intensity significantly influences the charging rate on supercapacitor section. The higher the intensity, the quicker the charging occurs.

Keywords
DSSC-Supercapacitor, Charging, Photosupercapacitor, Photoelectric current, Capacitance.

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/T2JnYkVE3NdU

Corresponding Author
Maya Puspitasari Izaak

Institutions
(a) Dept. of Physics Education, University of Pelita Harapan Karawaci, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
*maya.izaak[at]uph.edu
(b)Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, BATAN, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia

Abstract
The optimal decomposition of ilmenite to obtain an increase in TiO2 levels has been successfully carried out through a multi-step hydrometallurgical process. The initial levels of ilmenite in the iron sand was obtained about 46.50%. The multi-step hydrometallurgical process was carried out in order to determine the efficiency of TiO2 extraction. The sediment, which is obtained by this process was characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The result of XRD analysis was obtained the percentage of TiO2 formed in the leaching stage 1 and 2, respectively 85.01% and 95.55%. Based on the result of SEM-EDS analysis, the morphological was heterogeneous with particle size about 180-300 nm. It was concluded, that a multi-step hydrometallurgical process can increase TiO2 levels quite high and the process efficiency was very good

Keywords
Ilmenite, hydrometallurgy, TiO2, increasing levels

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M2WfjTDxAZ9k

Corresponding Author
Yunita Anggraini

Institutions
(a) Magnetic and Photonic Research Group, Dept. of Physics
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*nita.anggr[at]students.itb.ac.id

Abstract
The role of anion and alkyl chain length of cation on the thermophysical properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquid have been studied. The data were obtained from references and the NIST database. The studied parameters consist of melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature (Td), and enthalpy of fusion (∆Hm). The variations of Tm with anions in [C16Mim][A] with A= Br, Cl, BF4, PF6, and TFO are generally decreased with increasing anion radius, except for A= PF6, due to strong hydrogen bonds for the sake of an F atom. The values of critical temperatures (Tm, Tg, and Td) generally show a strong variation with the number of carbon atom or alkyl chain length (the number of n in [CnMim][A] for A = BF4, NTf2, and PF6). The variation of Tm in the number of n shows the non-monotonous variations. This characteristic is the result of the combination of interaction potentials in the crystalline and liquid phases. The variation of Tg in the number of n shows even-odd alternation, presumably due to competition between electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Many kinds of ILs have a relatively high value of Td, which means that it can be kept in the liquid state above 400 °C, which makes them have excellent catalytic activity and dynamic properties. The variation of Td with n looks different with Tm. It is seemingly that the variation of ∆Hm with n follows the Tm. This behavior in accordance with the thermodynamic relation between ∆Hm, Tm, and entropy (S) of the system.

Keywords
Ionic liquid, Imidazolium, melting temperature (Tm), glass temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature (Td), heat of fusion (∆Hm)

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gBQWYNwDLnhy

Corresponding Author
Deris Afdal Yusra

Institutions
a)Department of Physics, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia
*erman.taer[at]yahoo.com
b)Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Riau, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia
c)Department of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, 28293 Simpang Baru, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract
The activated carbon without addition of adhesive materials from banana stem fibers have been successfully synthesized by using ZnCl2 activator as a supercapacitor electrodes. The physical properties analysis such as density, surface morphology, degree of crystallinity, elemental content, surface area of the activated carbon electrode was carried out by using measurements of mass and volume, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunaeur-Emmet-Teller (BET). The carbon electrode have a density of 0.627 g cm-3, surface morphology consists of carbon particles and carbon fiber, amorphous structures seen in scattering (2Ɵ) angle range of 23.588˚ and 44.411˚ for d002 and d100 diffraction planes, carbon content reaches as high as100% and the specific surface area was found 788,091 m2 g-1. The electrochemical properties were analyzed by using cyclic voltammetry method with 2 electrodes system in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitor cells were 178.545 F g-1, 6.19 Wh kg-1, and 44.6661 W kg-1 respectively. This study exhibit that banana stem fibers potentially to be developed as carbon electrodes in supercapacitor cell.

Keywords
carbon fiber; ZnCl2 activator; supercapacitor

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4k3ap2fTyHB7

Corresponding Author
Gian Prahasti

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b) Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Fiber membranes from waste Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (w-ABS)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been successfully made using an electrospinning method. The precursor solutions were prepared using DMAc solvents at a concentration of 30 wt%. We varied the w-ABS:PVP ratio of 3:0, 2.9:0.1, 2.5:0.5, and 2:1. A digital optical microscope observed the morphology of the fabricated fiber membranes while a contact angle meter determined their wettability. The results showed that the morphology of the fibers changed with the ratio of w-ABS:PVP. Consequently, the variation of w-ABS:PVP ratio caused a significant effect to the value of membranes contact angle.

Keywords
fiber membranes, electrospinning, waste ABS, PVP, wettability

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Pd3WVyCE42x7

Corresponding Author
Setyawan Purnomo Sakti

Institutions
Departmet of Physics, Brawijaya University
Jl Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
sakti[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor coating layer as selective and sensitive material was usually made in a thin layer to avoid any damping effect on the sensor. Coating thickness in the range of nanometer was typical. The used of a thick polymer coating was known in the range of less than 3(mu)m. Usually the coating layer was prepared to support the QCM sensor to work as a mass sensitive device based on the Sauerbrey equation. A targetted biomolecule or chemical molecule was seen as a pure deposited mass on top of the sensor in the vertical direction. In our work, an ultra-thick polystyrene coating was done. The polystyrene film was formed using a spin coating method. A high concentration of polystyrene solved in toluene was used for the coating. The impedance spectrum of the QCM sensor before and after coating was measured. The fundamental resonance frequency of the sensor changed bigger than 2% and less than 5% of its initial frequency. We observed that the coating contributed little effect to the electrical impedance of the QCM sensor. The calculated film thickness was up to 8.8(mu)m, which was ten times thicker than common film coating used on a QCM sensor. The impedance of the sensor shows that the coating was still considered as glassy film.

Keywords
QCM sensor; ultra-thick film; polystyrene

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yf9z8qEMmvnj