Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
Solar energy is one alternative energy that can be used as a source of electrical energy that is converted through solar panel media. The output power in the solar panel varies according to solar irradiation and ambient temperature. To optimize the performance of the Solar Panel, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is used. Output voltage regulation of the solar panel will be regulated by a parallel buck converter. The algorithm used in this paper is Modified Hill Climbing (MHC) which is used to find the maximum power point quickly and accurately. With the existence of MPPT MHC, the average power is 90.16 W which shows an increase power compared to without MPPT which is equal to 55.78 W.

Keywords
Solar Panel, Parallel Buck Converter, Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), Modified Hill Climbing (MHC)

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ykB6DL9rEFRe

Corresponding Author
ADIM FIRMANSAH

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Indonesia
c) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan

Abstract
This paper presents a battery management system on a self-powered smart shoes application. We developed an energy saving method to extend battery life through duty cycle. The proposed method used sleep feature on IoT device to optimize power transmission, data reduction/compression, and network configuration to reduce network authentication time. We conduct several experiments for testing the overall performances and compared the proposed method with the conventional method. The obtained results show that our proposed battery management system could reduce energy consumption up to 50%.

Keywords
battery management system; energy consumption; lifetime; self-powered IoT; smart shoes

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fBCFW3Rue9gN

Corresponding Author
Arrizal Haris Fajariawan

Institutions
a) Department of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents the results analysis of switchings effect when capacitor bank operation against the amount of inrush current on the circuit breaker. Switching of capacitor bank causes inrush current and high frequency oscillation if there are two or more capacitor banks connected in the same bus. When it occurs repeatedly, the insulation from the electric equipment will weaken and breakdown. For this reason, we propose a method to reduce the inrush current using new controlled switching. Switching control is used to find time (t) of circuit breakers switching in each phase so that it can be seen configuration of capacitor banks switching that cause minimal inrush current. We have done a case study, there were 3 capacitor bank with capacity of 25 MVAR, 25 MVAR and 50 MVAR using simulink. Variables used include inrush current (ii), inrush current frequency (fi), controlled switching time (t) and damping reactor (Lreactor). The results of trial calculation on back to back of 3 capacitors cause inrush current is 202,1 kA and inrush current frequency is 85667,5 Hz. After insertion damping reactor, inrush current value is known to be 481,2 A and 204 Hz. By using this switching control method, we know that inrush current occurs almost close to zero ampere so it does not cause oscillations in the system.

Keywords
Capacitor bank, Inrush Current, Circuit Breaker, Switching control

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XJCH8kxPMN6K

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Nailul Firdaus

Institutions
Environmental Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Kampus ITS, Keputih, Kec. Sukolilo, Surabaya 6011, Indonesia
*valianto15[at]mhs.enviro.its.ac.id

Abstract
Indonesia has a number of small businesses totaling 757,090 units in 2017. One of these small business units is the household scale industry. The number of tofu industries in Indonesia is very much, seen from the figures of tofu consumption in Indonesia in 2012 which reached 3,010,742.3 tons. However, most industrial sectors know that household scale in Surabaya does not yet have tofu wastewater treatment units. This is due to financial constraints and the land owned so that the liquid waste produced is directly discharged into the river without any processing. This can cause a decrease in environmental power due to the high content of organic pollutants in tofu liquid waste. Through the Karsa Cipta Student Creativity Program (PKM-KC) a "ABACTOR - CELLS" tool has been designed as a household scale wastewater treatment unit. This tool adopts the working principle of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) which are combined into one processing unit. MFCs are wastewater treatment units that utilize bacteria to convert organic pollutants into electrical energy. MFCs are combined with ABR which is a practical processing unit and does not require high operational costs so it is suitable for application to the tofu industry sector. ABACTOR - CELLS can be an innovation as an electricity generating unit by utilizing bacteria to process pollutants in wastewater. This ABACTOR-CELLS requires a processing time of 12 hours. With this process, this unit is capable of producing electricity of 0.336 Watts. In addition, this unit is able to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) content from 1563.86 mg / L to 297,474 mg / L with a percentage of 81% which is equivalent to the weight of COD of 0.055 kg. While the percentage of removal for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) content is 84.4% with BOD inlet of 953.74 mg / L and BOD outlets of 148.74 mg / L. The decrease in the value of COD and BOD shows that besides producing electricity, ABACTOR-CELLS can also play a role in reducing environmental pollution, especially in water bodies.

Keywords
tofu liquid waste; anaerobic baffled reactor; microbial fuel cells

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nbEmQrBgTuGR

Corresponding Author
Lunde Ardhenta

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167 Rd, Malang 65145, Indonesia
* lunde.ardhenta[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
DC converters are an important part of DC systems such as hybrid (PV and wind turbine) system. Buck DC/DC converter one of this converter is the main control in DC voltage regulator. The desired performance of this DC converter is following the reference voltage and having a fast response. This paper designs controllers based on the principle of backstepping control to operate a DC converter. Modification to adaptive backstepping is promised to improve the response generated by conventional backstepping. The using of a DC motor as a load make the control system has the aim to stabilize the DC bus voltage and DC motor speed. The effectiveness of the proposed control is verified by simulation. The PID controller is utilized for comparing with the proposed controller. The performance produced by the proposed controller has a simple design and good response.

Keywords
Buck DC/DC converter, DC motor, adaptive backstepping, fuzzy logic, PI controller

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nfFR3m9TJpwZ

Corresponding Author
ADIM FIRMANSAH

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Indonesia
c) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan

Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive method for power management in smart shoes data transmission. Adaptive here means that the power for data transmission can be adjusted by selecting the shortest path. We use the Fuzzy Method to develop this adaptive system. Exchange of data between nodes scattered in smart and moving shoes with users can be set by Fuzzy placed on the sink. Sink collects data and sends it to the cloud. Based on our experiments on sports fields with several users with relaxed, brisk and running modes show very significant power savings compared to previous methods. The average energy efficiency can reach 35% better than the previous methods.

Keywords
adaptive; fuzzy; power saving; smart shoes

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Hzdyt6RTh7Xr

Corresponding Author
Sunaryono Sunaryono

Institutions
UM

Abstract
Mercury pollution through water is the cause of several dangerous diseases. Various efforts have been made to reduce mercury pollution. One of them is by using sorbent. There are many ways to improve absorption efficiency, one of which is using magnetic sorbents. This study focuses on the effect of grain size and the concentration of core shell Mn0.25Fe2.75O4@SiO2 on mercury absorption efficiency. The synthesis of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4@SiO2 with different concentration of TEOS 6 and 8 mL was carried out through coprecipitation and sol-gel methods. The characterization using XRD, VSM and FTIR was carried out to determine grain size, properties and material functional groups proved that SiO2 was successfully covered on Fe3O4 Surface. While to find out the percentage of absorption was carried out with the AAS instrument. Diffraction data confirmed the presence of Fe3O4 and the amorphous of SiO2 phase. According to the Rietveld analysis for all samples demonstrated the particle size of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 around 11-12 nm. The Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 core has superparamagnetic properties for magnetic separation, and the SiO2 shell could protect the core of being oxidized or dissolved under acid condition. FTIR results show the sample has a functional group of the main components of Fe-O at wave number 420-507 cm-1 and SiO2 at wave number 801 cm-1 (stretching) and 1078 cm-1 (bending). The results of mercury absorption test showed that the smaller the grain size and the higher the concentration of TEOS increased the percentage of mercury uptake. In addition, the absorption percentage increases with the length of absorption time given.

Keywords
Sorbent, Core Shell, TEOS, Mercury, Magnetite.

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pb23vaCAYBRJ

Corresponding Author
Samsul Hidayat

Institutions
1) Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
3) Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
4) Jurusan Elektro FT Universitas Negeri Malang
5) Mahasiswa Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Magnetometer surveys can be useful for anomalies phenomena caused by deposits of ore. EM survey can be useful for locating underground pipes, monitoring leach heaps, locating groundwater contamination from brine or chemicals. The ares of inaccessible terrain, helicopter needed. Helicopter is too expensive for student research. For the reason, the UAV is solution. The ground effect, power wind pressure, and wind speed UAVs are weaker than helicopter. The good distance of the survey instrument position should be known. This study aims to determine the air speed distribution, with variation in rotation and distance of the measuring point from the UAV propeller. The best performance movement of UAVs is multirootor. Multirotor can move or stop at a certain height. The step of the research is measuring air speed under a quadcopter multirotor which has a maximum total thrust is not less than 10kg. The propeller which used in quadcopter is 3080 and 2255 with a 120kv-340kv brushless motor. point ao air speed from 20cm-200cm under quadcopter are measured. In this study found that the air speed is reached 21 mps.

Keywords
quadcopter, air speed, UAV, survey

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bJQ6vL9RYPMh

Corresponding Author
Agus Dwi Putra

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Malang

Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the results of a hip joint implant made from Mg alloy using experiment and simulation methods with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The experiment methods target was to observe the microstructure, crystallite size, and magnesium alloy chemical composition. The simulation method was designed to analyze the total deformation, maximum principal stress, and maximum shear stress with time and load variations. This research used SEM, XRD, and XRF analysis to obtain the above data where as FEA simulation used the ANSYS software. The simulation was conducted through walking, jumping, and walking down the stairs activities for 0 until 4.5 seconds. The SEM results showed that Mg alloy powder had an irregular shape or non-uniform particles with cracks or porous. The XRD results indicated that the crystallite size was 0.516 imes10^{4} nm. Then, the XRF results presented that Mg alloy powder had 11 % Mg, 61.17 % Ca, and 5.73 % Zn. FEA analysis results showed that the hip joint implant had a total deformation of 0.38 nm in walking activity, 0.82 nm in jumping activity, and 0.90 nm in walking down the stairs activity. The maximum shear strains were 125.98 MPa in walking, 264 MPa in jumping, and 291 MPa in walking down the stairs. The maximum principal stress in walking activity was 192.76 MPa, in jumping was 397.48 MPa, and in walking down the stairs was 438.85 MPa

Keywords
Experiment; Simulation; Hip Joint Implant; Mg Alloy

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zpQKvqFTRBe2

Corresponding Author
Mr. Andrianto

Institutions
a) Department of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy
*aripriharta.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents the maintenance scheduling of transformer oil in Banaran Substation, Indonesia. Based on the function of the transformer is important to distribute electricity. If there was a fault, it can decrease the reliability of the transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to schedule the periodic maintenance of transformer oil to improve the power transformer reliability. So in this research using Markov method to analyze the reliability and availability of transformer oil. It happened because of Markov method can increase estimates effectively. This research adds the used parameters, namely the results of the DGA test with TDCG and the results breakdown voltage test. These parameters will be processed by using Markov method to find the value of reliability and availability with calculated using the failure rate and the repair rate. Where the value is obtained from the calculation of MTTF and MTTR. The calculation results are simulated using Matlab R2014a, and the results show us that the reliability and availability of transformer oil decrease every month. The biggest decrease occurred on day 180 in a period of 365 days, with the value of TDCG is 9.844% and 3.395% while the value of breakdown voltage is 32.19% and 24.83%. Therefore, maintenance is carried out at least twice a year to improve the quality of transformer oil which functions as an isolation transformer and prevents transformer failure.

Keywords
Maintenance Scheduling, Markov Method, DGA, Breakdown Voltage, Reliability, Availability

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jJEPmxnfe7TR

Corresponding Author
Galang Eryanto

Institutions
(1) Mechanical Engineering Education Department, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
(2) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
(3) Mechanical Engineering Department of Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
(4) Physics Department of Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
The binary power plant is a geothermal power generation system used at low to medium temperature levels, water and steam from the reservoir are not in direct contact with the turbine. In this system, the heat generated from the reservoir is channeled to the secondary working fluid which has a lower boiling point than water using a heat exchanger. In this case, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a suitable system for use in this condition. The ORC system can improve the performance and efficiency of binary power plants. However, in this system, the installation configuration of the ORC system model is an important factor that can affect system performance. The selection of an improper ORC design will reduce the thermal efficiency of the system, so it cannot utilize heat optimally. In this study, Engineering Equation Solution (EES) simulation program is used to run the system as in operation conditions. Comparative analysis using ORC, Regenerative ORC (RORC), and RORC with Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE). The results of this study indicate that RORC with IHE has the greatest value, both energy efficiency values (21.74%) and exergy efficiency (25.26%) and net power produced 5479 kW. It shows the addition of OFOH and IHE can increase energy efficiency, exergy, net power, and better performance and reduce energy degradation from the cycle.

Keywords
Binary power plant, ORC, Thermal and Exergy Efficiency.

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Cr6gt2NUzTfP

Corresponding Author
Thathit Suprayogi

Institutions
1)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
2)Centre of Advanced Material for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
3)Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
4)School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand

Corresponding author: markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Abstract. Photosupercapacitor is an integrated device for harvesting and storing of solar energy into electrical energy. Photosupercapacitor is constructed by solar cell (DSSC) and supercapacitor. In the solar cell part, one of the influential variables is the photoanode performance. The photoanode with ZnO layer play a role in light absorption, charge mobility, and wide band gap, which are influenced by crystal structure and nanoscale morphology. One of nanoscale morphology of ZnO is nanorods. This work is planned to investigate the effect of annealing temperature of seed layer ZnO to growth nanorods shape in photoanode of photosupercapacitor on its performance. The seed layer ZnO nanoparticle was deposited onto FTO substrate by a screen printing method. The ZnO nanorods was grown by soak FTO/ZnO in solution (Zinc nitrate, HMT, and DI water) under 100 C. The photosupercapacitor is constructed by DSSC and ZnO symmetric supercapacitor which integrated by using aluminum foil substrate. Characterization was done using XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, and I-V solar simulator for photosupercapacitor performance.

Keywords
Photosupercapacitor, annealing temperature, ZnO seed layer, nanorods

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jDY3tuc7HmrU

Corresponding Author
Sukarni Sukarni

Institutions
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Characteristics and potential of microalgae Spirulina platensis as an energy source were studied in regard to the decomposition patterns, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The thermogravimetric analysis was carried out using the TGA instrument (Mettler Toledo TG DSC 1) at a heating rate of 30 oC/min, with an atmospheric air flow rate of 100 ml/min at a temperature range of 25-1000 oC. The kinetic was evaluated using a differential method of Arrhenius. The results showed that Spirulina platensis microalgae decomposed into three stages. The first stage is related to the evaporation of water content, the second stage is associated with the release of volatile matter, and the final stage is the combustion stage of char. The kinetic evaluation resulted in the respective activation energy, logarithmic frequency factor (log A) and reaction order (n) are 53.57 kJ/mol, 4.4 min-1, and 1.73. It also understands from the thermodynamic analysis that the respective values of enthalpy (deltaH), Gibbs free energy (deltaG) and the entropies (deltaS) were 48.50 kJ/mol, 146,73 kJ/mol, and -174,78 J/mol.

Keywords
Spirulina platensis, Microalgae, Combustion, Kinetic, Arrhenius

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/K6YfPgMk8C4r

Corresponding Author
Sefia Kharen Gilar Tiana

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Energy demand is increasing significantly, while conventional energy resources are limited. Various work was carried out by developing and exploring materials which are potentially applied as an alternative renewable energy device. Nowadays, the utilization of thermal energy attracts the research interest due to its abundant quantities. Thus, thermoelectric as a thermal conversion device into electrical energy is the best alternative for confronting this matter. Thermoelectric studies continue to be encouraged, one of them is SrTiO3 based material. For investigating the scientific information and its application, a comprehensive study was needed by modifying the local structure using Bi dopant on SrTi1-xBixO3 system. SrTi1-xBixO3 was prepared via solid-state reaction followed by calcination, molding process, and sintering at 860 C. In this work, the various molar ratio of Bi doping was performed. Substitution of Bi in Ti position of SrTiO3 was intended to find its potential as a high-temperature thermoelectric material. SrTi1-xBixO3 samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction. A single phase of the compound and a slight change of lattice parameters were identified. Loading amount of Bi changed the octahedral local structure of 6-fold symmetry to tetragonal. SEM-EDX was used to observe the morphology and elemental composition. EDX data analysis showed the composition of samples in accordance with the composition designed. SrTi1-xBixO3 was measured with I-V meter to calculate the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. Thermoelectric properties were confirmed by inducing temperature during electrical conductivity measurement. Increasing Bi fraction raised the electrical conductivity, thus it corresponded that the material potentially enhanced the figure of merit (ZT) of SrTi1-xBixO3 system. Analysis of dopant in micro size and their physical properties will be discussed in detail.

Keywords
thermoelectric, SrTi1-xBixO3, solid-state reaction, structure, thermal induced conductivity

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WF9zvCcPR4bN

Corresponding Author
Didik Notosudjono

Institutions
Pakuan University
Brawijaya University
Pakuan University
Tridinanti University
Pakuan University
Pakuan University

Abstract
Bantargebang landfill located in Bekasi is the place where Jakarta dumps its waste, the production of waste that comes in the Bantargebang waste processing power plant (or TPST in indonesian) in average reached 6000-7000 tons/day. If the waste in the waste processing plant are not processed, it could cause undesired environmental pollution. So, with the construction of Waste Power Plant (or PLTSa in indonesian) in Bantargebang waste processing plant could lowers the pollution caused by the dumped wastes. Bantargebangs Waste Power Plant have a capacity of 15,6 MW but according to the evaluation result in 2017, the power plant only produces 250 KW electricity. Therefore the purpose of this writing is to evaluate the systems installed in Bantargebangs Waste Power Plant, identify the problem of the decrease in capacity and lowers the level of pollution contained within the area. Based on the evaluation result of attempting to fix the power plants system using capping and also vertical pipes to collect the landfill gas, it could generates 19,6 MW in the first year and eventually decreased in the following years, until the twentieth year reaches only 0,205MW. Aside from that, the gas engine itself which has broken needs to be fixed by having its sparepart swapped and applying a continued preventive care to minimalize future damages. The evaluation result also obtained that the Waste Power Plant manages to lower the greenhouse gases like CH4 and CO2 on which the CH4 in the first year amounts to 284.130 tons and CO2 amounts to 17.640 tons that decreases in the following years.

Keywords
Renewable Energy, PLTSa Bantargebang, Waste power plant, sanitary landfill

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Tt3mCnxrVD7K

Corresponding Author
Langlang Gumilar

Institutions
a) Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
To convert wind energy into electrical energy, an intermediary in the form of a turbine and generator is needed. Wind turbines consist of several types such as horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). The main focus of this research is the maximum power that can be generated by the horizontal axis wind turbine by varying its pitch angle. Some important parameters that influence value of turbine power are wind speed, turbine rotation speed, blade number, pitch angle, and power coefficient (CP). Variation pitch angle from 0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40. Pitch angle affects lifting force of the horizontal axis wind turbine to rotate, just as in the lift force of the aircraft. For input wind speeds ranging from 0 m/s to 20 m/s. If the wind speed more than 20 m/s, then the wind cannot be utilized and can be said to be disaster. Input of turbine rotation speed starts from 0 rpm to 50 rpm. The axes used to make power curves in 3 dimensions are the wind speed axis, turbine rotation speed axis, and power axis. From this curve, we will find the maximum power that can be produced by horizontal wind turbines. The difference in pitch angle on the turbine will produce different power. Increase in wind speed will increase the power of wind turbines. In this study using maximum wind speed of 20 m/s, so that at maximum wind speed will obtained maximum wind turbine power. For horizontal axis wind turbines with pitch angle of 0, maximum power 1608,45 W is produced at 32 rpm wind turbine rotor rotation speed. At 10 pitch angle, maximum power 1510,28 W is produced at 32 rpm turbine rotor rotation speed. At 20 pitch angle, maximum power 1398,65 W is produced at the turbine rotational speed 33 rpm. On the pitch angle 30, the maximum power 1286,75 W is produced at the turbine rotor rotation speed 33 rpm. The pitch angle 40 produces maximum power 1148,89 W at turbine rotor rotational speed 34 rpm. From all simulation results it was concluded that increase of pitch angle, maximum power produced by the turbine will decrease.

Keywords
Pitch Angle, HAWT, Power, Power Coeficient, Tip Speed Ratio

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DEeWmvcfF4HN

Corresponding Author
Hartawan Abillah

Institutions
a) Postgraduate Electricaal Engineering, Malang State Universty, Malang
b) Electrical Engineering, Malang State Univeristy, Malang
c) Informatic Engineering, Islam State Univeristy, Malang

Abstract
Solar Power Plants are strongly influenced by the intensity of solar radiation received by the system. For the availability of sustainable use of electrical energy from solar power hybridization is needed with PLN sources if Black Out occurs, the combination of the two electrical energy sources is known as the Hybrid Generator. Power plant hybridization is combining two or more power plants with different energy sources, in order to obtain synergies that provide economic and technical benefits (reliability of the supply system). Hybrid plants will have maximum use if accompanied by load control. Load control aims to efficiently regulate the use of electrical energy so that the generated electrical energy is balanced with the use of the load released so that the Hybrid Generator will not occur Black Out. Based on tests that have been carried out the intensity of sunlight affects the power produced by solar cells. The highest sunlight intensity when testing is during the day at 567 Lux with a voltage value of 21.22 V and current of 0.30 A, while the lowest sunlight intensity is at 17.00 with the intensity of sunlight 56 Lux with a voltage value of 5.5 V and current 0.15 A.

Keywords
Hybrid Generator, PLTS, Load Supply Control

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCxzj68nka4L

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Indonesia

Abstract
Abundant rice yields abundant fine husks. Rice bran has an oil content that has the potential as a biodiesel material. The synthesis of alkyl esters from vegetable oils can be carried out through an esterification reaction with an acid or alkaline catalyst. The objectives of this study were 1) to find out the yield of extracted rice bran oil, 2) synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through acid catalyst esterification reaction, 3) characterization and to determine the synthesis component of methyl ester and test its potential as biodiesel. Stages in this study, namely 1) extraction of rice bran oil, 2) synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) characterization of rice bran methyl ester and its potential test as biodiesel include determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and test number acid, 4) identification of constituent compounds methyl ester synthesized by GC-MS. The results of research on rice bran oil extraction have a yield of 18.09%. Methyl esters synthesized from rice bran oil through an acid catalyst esterification reaction with a yield of 72.37%. The synthesis of methyl esters into the range of biodiesel quality standards is, density of 0.850 g / mL, viscosity of 4.73 cSt, refractive index of 1.45871, and acid number of 0.76 g KOH / g methyl ester which has the potential as biodiesel. Methyl ester composition of rice bran oil is methyl tetradekanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoic ( 0.14%).

Keywords
rice bran oil, methyl ester, esterification, acid

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/P7Y9g2MUCLhn

Corresponding Author
Eka Lutfi Septiani

Institutions
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia, Gresik 61122, Indonesia
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
3Department of Material Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

Abstract
Nanofiber through electrospinning process has been developed as a promising material for wound dressing due to its large porosity and high surface area. This characteristic of nanofiber provides a good gas permeability surrounding the wound which prevents a healing failure. The best wound dressing not only maintain a wound has a good gas permeability but also has an active agent to give an antibacterial and antiinflammation property. This research aims to combine a synthetic polymer and active agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Binahong extract (BE), become nanofibrous material. The electrospinning process was conducted in two steps. The first step is to obtain the best condition PVP electrospinning with the voltage of 10, 12, 15, 17 kV, then combined PVP to 2%, 5%, 8% of BE in the second step. The first step shows the best operation condition in 12 kV so that to be used in different BE percentage. Based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the result indicates that reducing the BE composition will increase the antioxidant activity.

Keywords
nanofiber, electrospinning, binahong (basella rubra linn) extract, antioxidant activity

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QxYdvf26Lcjy

Corresponding Author
Poppy Puspitasari

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Conversion coating in metal material was a method to control the corrosion. It applied in parts of car, aircraft, factory installation, and other appliances. There were three types of conversion coating: phosphate conversion coating, chromate conversion coating, and oxalate conversion coating. There were several aspects to consider in controlling the corrosion fully. This research used phosphate because phosphate conversion coating had a low corrosion rate, affordable production cost, and environmentally friendly. This research aimed to find out the corrosion resistance of ST37 carbon steel using phosphate conversion coating in various immersion durations. Therefore, the result was a breakthrough in using phosphate conversion coating for the industries. This research used the weight loss method to calculate the corrosion rate and macro photos to obtain the corrosion form during the test. This research used ST37 carbon steel with 100 mm x 30 mm x 10 mm as the specimen and phosphate with various coating durations (10, 20, and 30 minutes). Each variation had three specimens, so this research had nine specimens in total. This research calculated the daily corrosion rate for seven days using 5% NaCl as the corrosion solution. The average corrosion rate in specimens with 10 minutes duration was 1.9599 mpy, specimens with 20 minutes immersion was 1.7647 mpy, whereas specimens with 30 minutes duration were 1.3287 mpy. Thus, the longer immersion duration created a smaller corrosion rate. Also, the corrosion formed during the test was pitting and uniform corrosion.

Keywords
Corrosion Resistance, ST37 Carbon Steel, Phosphate Conversion Coating, Immersion

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XRFdxk7mKrMN

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
Battery is a very important necessity as an electrical energy storage for DC load type. If battery used continuously, the stored electrical energy will gradually depleted. So it needs to be done recharge so that DC load can still be used. The difference voltage and capacity of battery makes the charging process also requires a different voltage from each other.Like mobile charger which has 5 volt output voltage, Laptop charger has 19 volt output voltage, and some other charger with different output voltage. Based on the explanation above, in this final project proposed an adaptive power charge system for DC load applications. Systems that can perform the process of replenishment of electrical energy on batteries that have a difference in voltage and capacity through a single port at the output side. Charging system uses constant voltage method with a buck type of converter . The system will detect the load type and then perform an adaptive charging process according to the charging voltage required by the load.

Keywords
adaptive, battery, buck converter, charging, constant voltage, efficient

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8MrZ7LdGeYmH

Corresponding Author
Verdiano Frandhiyawan

Institutions
Electrical Engineering Study Program, University Hang Tuah

Abstract
Abstract. The need for the fulfillment of electrical power that is often used daily is the necessity of security protection more current interference on the power system using the Mini Circuit Braker. In resolving the problems used the standard Inverse curves, Very Inverse and Extremely Inverse to determine the speed of relays by setting the current in the design equipment build Over Current Relay. In this research, the creation and testing of the entire hardware designed to build more current relay-based monitoring of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino as 1-phase electronic protection. Tests on this study used Arduino IDE software that assists the function and operation of other components, replacing the performance of a factory-made Mini Circuit Braker system. Test current is made of 1 Ampere to 4 Ampere with Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) 0.09 on standard Inverse, Very Inverse and Extremely Inverse. In Inverse Standart, real test current interference of 1 Ampere with relay trip operating time is 542 millisecond, Very inverse rele trip 563 millisecond and 804 millisecond for Extremely inverse. In the current disruption of 4 Ampere relay trip of 257 millisecond for standard Inverse, Very Inverse of 122 millisecond and 060 millisecond for Extremely Inverse. In the results of the test and data can be concluded the performance of more current willing operation has worked according to the characteristic curve of Inverse IEC 60255. So that all the used electronic equipment can be anticipated more well enough to avoid damage.

Keywords
Kata Kunci : Over current relay karakteristik inverse, internet of things, Acs712, Zmpt101b.

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GZzEgTRcvB8L

Corresponding Author
Galih Kurniawan

Institutions
State University of Malang

Abstract
This study aims to describe the results of design optimization and characterization of mechanical properties of knee implant with SPSS software and characterization using SEM, CRD, and XRF. Optimization is focused on optimizing the total deformation value from human activity of walking, jumping, and downstairs to determine the optimum design of the knee implant. While the characterization of the material is intended to determine the morphology using SEM, chemical composition using XRD, and crystal structure using XRF. The finding of this study is that optimization of total deformation shows that the first design has the lowest maximum average deformation value, that is 0,00014836 mm. While the results of SEM characterization showed that there were many parallel strokes on Ti6Al4V alloys, so that they were not resistant to damage from abrasive particles. The XRD test shows that the crystallinity peak is at position 40.5189182 degree which is indicated by the crystal orientation index 200 reaching 29.35 counts (cts), and Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) at an angle of 0.2880282 degree which has an atomic distance along the length of 2.22455 amstrong with a relative intensity of 100%. And the XRF test shows the highest chemical content of Ti6Al4V alloy is Ti, amounting to 85.12%. The limitation of this study is that optimization is based on total deformation on three human activities. While the characterization is done by using SEM, XRD, and XRF tests. Optimization and characterization of implants can be the basis of the process of manufacturing knee implants. The results showed that the first implant design was the optimum design based on the total deformation. Then in terms of characterization, it appears that the material is in accordance with the human body.

Keywords
Optimization, Characterization, Ti6Al4V

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mczYneZPdv2a

Corresponding Author
Siti Sendari

Institutions
1,6Dept of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
2,5 Dept of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
3,4Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang
7Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract
Due to sustainable energy promising, one technology that has high efficiency and suitable for a friendly environmental case is a Fuel cell. One type of fuel cells is proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which shows low temperature, high power density, fast response, and zero emissions. The process of energy conversion is introduced using ebook accomplished with Augmented Reality (AR) technology. AR is a virtual object which can be used for interaction simultaneously, so using this technology the detail process can be shown in detail when ebooks user want to explore more the process. This paper described integrating AR to introduce the process and possible interaction of user to explore dynamic system of fuel cell. The integrating AR to fuel cell learning module is analyzed according to experts justice on the designed of AR ebook.

Keywords
Augmented Reality, ebook, fuel cell, expert justice

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EzB3UnNT2xQv

Corresponding Author
Afif Zuhri Arfianto

Institutions
(a) Dept. of Marine Electrical Engineering
Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
b) Dept of Teknika, Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya

Abstract
The potential of marine fish is one of the hopes for fishermen. Fishing boats have not been equipped with fish detection devices such as fish finders. To get to the location of fishing, fishermen do not know accurately the distance and direction of the ship. Fishermen only rely on experience and information from other fishermen to find out the location of the fish distribution. The ships fuel losses are caused by fishermen having to go around to map fishing points. Accurate data for autopilot technology is needed to move the fishing boat to the point of distribution of fish, serves to help fishermen to increase fishing yields and reduce ship fuel losses. The 70x16x15 cm ship prototype with autopilot technology measures the distance between fishing boats and the target location of the nearest fish distribution. This prototype is equipped with a GPS and a compass sensor that shows the direction and difference of angles to the direction of the target. This prototype has a rudder that is driven by a servo motor based on the angle difference to the setpoint. Based on the results of research and testing, this prototype can travel an average distance of 15.5 m. The results of coordinate accuracy testing of all experiments get the difference in average latitude coordinates of 0.0122 and longitude coordinates of 0.047 and the average distance of the prototype stopped from the destination location is 1.3 m.

Keywords
Unmanned Smartboat Vehicle,coordinate accuracy, fishing boats

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PJGMNwHunBKa

Corresponding Author
Ponimin fs

Institutions
University State of Malang

Abstract

Keywords
Keywords: earthenware ceramic, firing stove, heat waste

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PY8dUuBQzVbj

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Plastic waste becomes a threat to the environment because it is difficult to degraded. Plastics are organic polymers that can be pyrolysis into simpler molecules. Plastic pyrolysis can be done at high temperatures in special reactors. For efficiency process required reactors are effective and efficient. This research aims to develop reactor and test pyrolysis of several types of plastic waste. This research is a development and experimental with stages include (1) develop reactor kg 2-3 plastic pyrolysis with a dual cooling system (3). Determining the character and yield of plastic waste pyrolysis. The results of this development study are: (1). Plastic pyrolysis reactors to fuel the oil has been made, with a demensions of 30 x 40 x 50 cm, stainless steel, 2-3kg plastic Capacitistas, (2). Plastic from beverage glasses succeeded in pyrolysis in reactor with a temperature range of 190-300 oC to produce a yield of 95% and the raw material of the paper produces 93-94% oil yield, but for the material from the bottle is harder to be dipirolisis. The oil characteristics of the results of the priolysis are light yellow to brownish yellow, odor like oil gasoline.

Keywords
Reactor, plastic, rendement, pyrolysis

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rk6xbKcB3PhL

Corresponding Author
Didin Zakariya Lubis

Institutions
1Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang,

Abstract
Abstract. This research aimed to identify the effect of punch speed and tool blanking material on the quality of the sheared edge bone-implant product in the form of a keychain cranioplasty plate implant. This research used Ti-6AL-4V sheet metal, 2.5% clearance between punch-die, various punch speeds, and materials of tool blanking. The tool blanking material used the standardized equipment for the blanking process. The sheared edge characteristic with the swift punch and high elastic modulus improved the shear zone 75% more of the workpiece thickness. The utilization of 71.76 mm/s speed and AISI M2 material created a smoother sheared edge of keychain cranioplasty plate compared to the others.

Keywords
Internal Fracture, Fixation Plate

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6w8gTa2zxJpt

Corresponding Author
Heru Suryanto

Institutions
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
3Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
4Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia

Abstract

Keywords
Bacterial cellulose foam, disintegration, freeze-drying, high-pressure homogenizer

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3YVmpU9juWKd

Corresponding Author
Heru Suryanto

Institutions
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
2Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145 , Indonesia
3Chemical Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
4Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia

Abstract

Keywords
bacterial cellulose, crystalline, freeze-drying, pineapple peel, XRD

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RDQJAH7CtraK