Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Byoung-Kwan Cho

Institutions
Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea

Abstract
Early yield estimation of tangerine is crucial to predict market price at harvesting time, which helps farmers to take precautions to ensure their minimum income. The conventional method for the yield estimation based on human eyes is inaccurate, subjective, and time-consuming. Hence, the demand for the development of accurate, rapid, and automated yield estimation methods has been increased. In this study, an advanced image analysis technique, convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to detect tangerines in the trees at the unripe stage. The CNN transfer learning model was designed based on ResNet-50 of which the last 10 network layers were modified to be suitable for tangerine detection. Images from 130 tangerine trees were fed into the constructed CNN model for training followed by validation. The model could distinguish unripe tangerines from green leaves, stems, and various backgrounds with an over 92% accuracy. The result demonstrates that the developed CNN model has potential to be used for the early estimation of tangerine yield.

Keywords
Yield estimation, image analysis, tangerine, artificial intelligence

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/k8F3xg2KQyTw

Corresponding Author
Mareli Telaumbanua

Institutions
University of Lampung

Abstract
Agricultural cultivation through precision farming systems can reduce production costs, increase yields and improve crop quality. One way to develop precision farming systems is to design pest insect traps for horticultural plants. Pest insects can damage up to 90% of plant tissue, which causes crop failure. Nowadays, many modern pest traps have a disadvantage in using a type of fan actuator in the trap system embedded in it. Fan type actuators embedded in modern pest traps are considered to be still less effective for capturing pest insects in the catchment area. In this study, the effectiveness of the percentage of capture through various types of fan actuators was calculated through microcontrollers (Arduino). The microcontroller was connected to the infrared sensor type E18-D50NK as a detector for the number of insects. The working principle of the infrared sensor E18-D50NK in this study is to respond to the microcontroller when infrared light is blocked by insect pests. The dimensions of insect pests that can be detected by this sensor are more than 1 mm. Infrared sensors were mounted around the lights to detect the number of insects approaching the light. The experiment in this study used a driving fan actuator, suction fan and fanless actuator. An 18 watt fluorescent lamp was used to lure insects into a trap. Nature of pests insects attracted to light try to get close to the lights. Sensors that detect the presence of passing insects automatically carry out the summation recorded in the data logger.

Keywords
Keywords: Arduino, E18-D50NK infrared sensor, Insect Trap, Fan Actuator

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2JfPMjqw7THt

Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2)Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Flow properties of chocolate highly determine mouthfeel and consumer acceptance. Aside from these, they are also important factors in determining the incorporation of chocolate in food products. This work investigated the possibility of using viscometer to determine the flow properties of molten chocolate. The data obtained from viscometer was fitted to Casson Model. Afterwards, Casson yield value and Casson viscosity were then derived. To observe the homogeneity of molten chocolate, thixotropy value was also determined. In this study, molten chocolate was produced using a stone melanger as an alternative processing method. Four grinding durations, namely 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours, were used to produce 4 types of dark chocolate. The results showed that viscometer was able to determine the value of Casson Model parameters, eventhough the shear rate reached was only approximately 45 S-1. Using this approach, it can be observed that the Casson Yield Value and Casson Viscosity increased as the grinding durations were increased.

Keywords
chocolate, rheological behaviour, Casson Yield Value, Casson Viscosity and Thixotropy

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rYPEkvK63BRj

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Prasetya Kurniawan

Institutions
a) Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia,

b) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Abstract
Palm oil is a strategic commodity for Indonesia because of its large role in economic and social development. Strengthening the development of a sustainable palm oil industry must refer to increasing responsibility and efficient use of resources towards a sustainable palm oil industry. credible, and transparent. This study describes the role of material and energy flows as the basis for resource use in the production of crude palm oil (CPO). Oil palm plantations and processing have tried to implement zero emission to increase competitiveness and reduce the risk of environmental damage. Data sources, quality, and uncertainty. Developing material and energy flow analysis shows evaluations in human resources, applying technology, reducing emissions, and energy efficiency are issues of relevant resources. It is important to justify and analyze critical industrial systems in reducing material waste. Derivative policy implications for production and consumption processes must be applied based on industrial output.

Keywords
material, energy, crude palm oil, transparency

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7QqrDRCHmkcg

Corresponding Author
Uning Budiharti

Institutions
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Reseach and Development

Abstract
Challenge in the expansion of maize and soybean planting areas is the limited agrcultural labor from land processing activities, planting to post-harvest. Considering that the corn and soybean cultivation systems are still traditionally done using both human and livestock power so that the productivity and work efficiency produced is still low. This affects to the area of land that can be cultivated, land productivity and the production of corn produced. To support the program to expand the planting area and increase the crop index to increase corn production, it is necessary to support the use of appropriate mechanization technology and in accordance with site-specific conditions. Therefore it is necessary to introduce agricultural machinery to support the corn cultivation system to increase productivity, work efficiency, increase yields and improve the quality of results. In this activity the implementation and development of mechanization technology for corn and soybean cultivation is appropriate and in accordance with site-specific conditions at the demonstration plot scale in the corn and soybean production centers by taking into account the technical, economic, and socio-economic conditions of the local community. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development has developed a rotary and planting machine that can do soil treatment and planting seeds at once. This machine is equipped with solid fertilizer application. But in practice farmers rarely use liquid fertilizer for corn / soybean cultivation. Test results of tillage and planting of corn seeds: Work depth of 12.1 cm; spacing in rows 38.5 cm; spacing in rows of 70 cm; number of seeds per fall 2.2 items; percentage of empty holes 4.1%; work width is an average of 162.88 cm; average working speed of 2.31 km / h; average work capacity of 4.08 hours / ha; fuel consumption of 20.32 lt / ha

Keywords
Intragated Machine , Tillage, Corn Planter, Fertilizer Application

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yCUxBwXAGvak

Corresponding Author
Patriasia Hesti Tri Nugraheni

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281

Abstract
Precision Farming (PF) has been developed in many countries. It is need an appropriate and integrated technology to achieve the goals, such as global positioning system (GPS) to mark the geographical coordinate, ArcGIS to map the spatial data, Variable-rate Application (VRA) to show the variability of soil properties on the field and Decision Support System (DSS) to establish the best management practices for the field operation. The objective of this research was to develop a decision support system for mapping VRA of precision fertilizing on soybean cultivation. The system generates a VRA map and shows the amount of required fertilizer for soybean according to the field and soil properties data. The DSS was developed using web application to facilitate the flexibility, and scalable access via internet. To execute the application, user requires to select the coordinates of the field and soil sample points and fertilizer dose data. The friendly user of DSS program was successfully produced with the VRA map showed the data of recommendation fertilizer as the decision support system. The outcome from this study was the application mapping VRA. Further steps are needed in order to apply this application to the farmers.

Keywords
Decision Support System; Variable-rate Application (VRA); Soil Nutrient Map; Variable-rate Application Map

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HQKNJ2GAuVZR

Corresponding Author
Rudiati Evi Masithoh

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Abstract
Recent advanced technology enables Android smartphone suitable for quality evaluation of food. In this research, image processing technique was used to detect food color additives. In this research, a smartphone application was developed to determine the availability of color additives in food products. Local food namely geplak was made by adding food grade (i.e. tartrazine and erythrosine) and non-food grade (Rhodamin B and Methanyl Yellow) additives in three concentrations. A mobile phone captured geplak images resulting 1200 images which were divided into 1000 images for training and 200 images for validation. Image data was processed with the python programming language of tensorflow function. The output of python in nominal weight was then trained and tested by using a convolutional neural networks (CNN) method. The weights were then processed by Android Studio version 3.2.1 using .java as backend from CNN and .xml as an application layout. Validation result showed that the program successfully determined class of food additive in high degree accuracy of 98 %.

Keywords
CNN, food, additives, smartphone, image processing

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HuxFUVLKaT6R

Corresponding Author
Mohamad Soleh Hidayat

Institutions
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Increasing the quality and quantities of agricultural products can be optimized with an environmental monitoring system, to determine the plants condition and as a reference in caring for plants. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in field monitoring recently, because of its ease of use and being able to monitor in real-time. Indonesia is an agricultural country with more than 16,5 million of farming land, most of the farming land are located in the rural area. The problems that occurs when implementing IoT to environmental monitoring in rural area is the limited signal and energy. In this study, we study and research the use of LoRa as a Long Range Low Power data transmitter for environmental monitoring in agricultural systems in the rural areas. The location of this research was conducted in Bulaksumur Universitas Gadjah Mada. This research was focused on system design and performance test. There are four zones with variuous obstacles. The Zone D (LOS) is the best scenario to optimizing data transmission. This Zone can reach over 800 m distance with only 20% packet loss.

Keywords
LoRa, Environmental Monitoring System, Rural Area

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TGLJYn2PAyv6

Corresponding Author
Andri Prima Nugroho

Institutions
a) Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*andrew[at]ugm.ac.id
b) AGM Systems & Engineering, Suwon, South Korea
c) Daedong Industry Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea

Abstract
The objective of this study was to present the development of GPS-based tracking system to evaluate the effectiveness of tillage using a four-wheel tractor. The system is composed of a location acquisition, using GPS (iGPSport), and data analysis for estimating the tractor trajectories and effectiveness of tillage by measuring the overlap during the tillage. The laboratory stage experiment was conducted to validate the system by measuring the specified size of the field and tractor trajectories. The performance evaluation of the system was done by measuring the displacement error of actual trajectories and the estimated one. The system was also tested for the actual tillage operation using a four-wheel tractor, Daedong Kioti RX7210, in two locations in Yogyakarta: Pajangan, and Moyudan. The tractor tracking system was developed based on GPS for estimating the tractor trajectory path and operation width distance (l) after the operation as tillage effectiveness evaluation by the evaluation of overlap and un-tillage land systematically using the tracking system. The system performance evaluation in the actual field for tillage operation using the four-wheel tractor in Moyudan and Pajangan shows that the RMSE < 50 cm, and the MAPE < 24% with R2 > 0.7. Overall performance of the tracking system, it could be used to estimate the behavior of tillage operation.

Keywords
precision agriculture; gps-tracking; tracking system; precision tillage; tracking

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dwf6xqvaRmAL

Corresponding Author
andreas wahyu krisdiarto

Institutions
(a)Instiper Agricultural Univesity,
Jl. Nangka II, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia
* andre0402[at]yahoo.com
(b)Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University,
Jl. Babarsari No.44, Janti, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
After harvested, the oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) has to evacuated from the field and transported to the oil palm mill. In most cases, it transported using the trucks. FFB transportation should be optimized in order to achieve the best FFB quality and minimum cost. This research was aimed to develop tools to monitor trucks as FFB transport equipment, due to there are some deviations in the field. The Development of the application using the method: business process analysis, system analysis, system design, and implementation and functional test. The application software run as an Android-based application, as a map-based application, and using location-based service. The system also runs as a web-based application and has been tested on FFB logistic system in private plantation company. It monitored the truck route and FFB loading and transporting activities in the field, as well as gave instruction to the truck driver in order to avoid the heavy queue in an oil palm mill.

Keywords
oil palm; FFB; transportation; mobile-based application

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EZMVW2XHgB46

Corresponding Author
sri markumningsih

Institutions
1 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jln. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA

Corresponding Author E-mail: sri_markumningsih[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
One of the renewable energy sources that can be used as a driving resource is the wind. Wind energy can be converted into energy in other forms, for example mechanical energy or electrical energy through wind turbines. One of the most developed wind turbines is the Savonius type which includes the vertical shaft type. The investment cost for making a real wind turbine in the field is very expensive so it cannot use trial and error methods to get efficient turbines. Research to develop wind turbines is done by making a prototype of a laboratory scale wind turbine. The part of wind turbines are made in a small size so that the mini wind power plant can operate and on the other hand does not cost a lot. From the prototype parameters can be observed that affect the performance of the wind turbine. The windmill prototype was made 200 cm high and 50 cm in diameter and equipped with 4 blades. For testing in the laboratory using a wind source from the fan which is driven by an electric motor that can be adjusted by the rpm. The determination of power efficiency is applied by the turbine ability to absorb the energy of wind as represented by torque and rotational speed of turbine attacked air flow in testing. The result shows that efficiency of the savonius turbine were 5,02% - 9,12%.

Keywords
renewable energy, savonius type windmill prototype, learning medium

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z7etHEuhJCN8

Corresponding Author
Radi Radi

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Water is one of the elements needed for plant growth. The water is generally supplied from rain. However, non-uniform rainfall throughout the year results in periods where plants need additional water. Besides, surface irrigation system is costly, especially for large area. For efficiency reason, providing water to plantation crops must be regulated. This paper proposes an economical irrigation model for plantation crops. This study uses pineapple plantations as a topic of study. This irrigation model is developed from a drip irrigation model that has been investigated in recent year. Previous study showed that a drip irrigation device has a limited operating range. Therefore, for large working areas, land is divided into a number of plots where each plot is managed by an automatic drip irrigation device. In order to simplify management, all automatic drip irrigation devices are connected a master node which acts as a data and information collection centre. While each irrigation device in each plot acts as a client or slave node. This model has been simulated in a laboratory, where the model consists of 3 slave nodes and a master node. Communication between master and slave nodes is done with a wireless network. The simulation results show that the master can manage slave work properly, can collect the data from the slave, while the slave node can provide irrigation water according to the target conditions.

Keywords
irrigation, smart, plantation, drip, wireless.

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QxyCjRBdH98G

Corresponding Author
Burhanuddin Rasyid

Institutions
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi
2Department of Dry Land Agriculture Management, National Agriculture Polytechnic of Kupang, East Nusatenggara
E-mail: burrasyid[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
Soil-water interactions and its management is serious issue in water availability for plant cultivation especially in the water scarce area. The objective of this study is to determine water use efficiency of maize which is cultivated in vertisol soil with different water content and biochar application. The experiment was designed in four level water content of field capacity (FC) vis., 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%., and three treatments of soil amendment (control, biochar, and zeolith addition). Data was collected in terms of water content dynamics (water use efficiency, crop water consumption), and dry matter weight. Results found that biochar application had significant effect in all parameters evaluated compare to control and zeolith. In combination treatments, there is no significant effect of soil amendment and control with 70% and 80% FC treatments to plant dry weight. Various value was also observed in crop water consumption with significant effect in soil amendment on 100% and 70% FC, conversely there is no different effect in 80% and 90% FC. Water use efficiency was affected by soil amendment but it shown differences in treatment of water content level. All results of this study therefore concluded that soil amendment and water content management need to be combine in support plant growth on the area with water limiting factor.

Keywords
soil-water, soil amendment, water use efficiency, crop water consumption

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JjE6CBGekbZ7

Corresponding Author
Andi Dirpan

Institutions
Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Chocolate bar is one of secondary product of cocoa beans which are ready to consume. The aim of this research is to know the effect of shredded and dried coconut kernel addition as a filler of chocolate bar. The method of this research started from the processing of beans into fats and cocoa powder, the making of shredded and dried coconut kernel as a filler, and the making of chocolate bar. The evaluation done based on ash content, fat content, and organoleptic in terms of color, odor, taste, and texture. The design of research used was completely randomized design in 3 repetition. Sample used is shredded and dried coconut kernel (A1 = 6%, A2 = 9%, and A3 = 12%). The results shows that addition of shredded and dried coconut kernel is significant at the 5% level of ash content and fat content. While organoleptic test shows that A1 (addition of 6% shredded and dried coconut kernel) is most preferred by panellist in terms of color and texture, while A3 (addition of 12% shredded and dried coconut kernel) is most preferred by panellist in terms of aroma and taste parameter.

Keywords
Chocolate, aroma, taste

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/REBK6UtXCLTn

Corresponding Author
Hamdayanty Hamdayanty

Institutions
a) Hasanuddin University
*hamdaptn[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the main cause decrease of potato production. This study aimed to determine that the diversity of endophytic bacteria and phyllosphere isolated from potato tissue can suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). Both bacteria endophytic and phyllosphere isolated from the tissue tip, leaves, stems, tubers and roots cultivated in nutrient agar (NA). Selection of potential bacteria as biological agent use inhibition test method through suspension of bacteria R. solanacearum with concentration 108 plated on NA medium, then dipped paper disc plated on the medium. The result of study showed that the diversity of the bacteria endophytic found 28 isolates. Meanwhile, phyllosphere bacteria found 13 isolates. Inhibition test results showed that of a total of 41 isolates, 16 isolates were able to inhibit bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum) with strong inhibition until very strong criteria.

Keywords
wilt disease, endophytic, phyllosphere, inhibitory test, potato

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pW4MbJRmKcUY

Corresponding Author
Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada
*) Corresponding Author jknugroho[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Edamame (Glycine max. L. Merill) has been consumed due to its savory taste and high nutrient content, such as protein, calcium, vitamin A, and isoflavone. Fresh edamame is usually consumed after steaming. However, steamed edamame has to be consumed really soon because it stale quickly. As an alternative, edamame can be dried and consumed as a crunchy snack through the drying process which is able to retain nutrition loss during it using freeze drying. The objective of this study is to investigate the moisture content decreasing of edamame during freeze drying. Fresh edamame with initial water content of 60-70% was steam blanched to 9 minutes before drying. The freeze dryer has capacity of 1.5 kg was used with freezing temperature was set at -18C and pressure at -76 cmHg. Its parameters was measured at 0 h; 12 h; 18 h; 24 h; 30 ;, and 36 h. The drying rate of edamame freeze drying is 6.94% db per hour.

Keywords
Edamame, freeze drying, kinetics, drying rate

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4Vk2REcwzZfr

Corresponding Author
Afiifah Aris Putri

Institutions
Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Black rice is anthocyanin-containing rice. Black rice farming can be found in several parts of Indonesia, including in Yogyakarta where the harvest is mainly used for self-consumption and to be marketed. In 2018, almost half of the farmers facing the problem to market the harvest. On the other hand, black rice distributors expressed their needs of more supply to meet Yogyakarta market demand. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on modeling the black rice marketing channel system to observe the behaviour of black rice inventory. This study aims to produce a black rice marketing system model and find out the black rice inventory system in Yogyakarta using a dynamic modeling. The sampling techniques used purposive and snowball sampling in the black rice marketing channels. The results show that the system consisted of farmers, collectors, distributors, retailers and consumers subsystems, and the best scenario in the simulation implied the collectors and distributors must increase the sale to other areas outside Yogyakarta.

Keywords
black rice; dynamic modeling; inventory

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HzQC7k6ajwYc

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Burhanuddin Fauzi

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*burhanuddin.fauzi[at]mail.ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Fish farmers in the Yogyakarta area mention problem main cultivation fish is expensive cost commercial feed, so that independent-feed will be chosen as solution. Independent-feed still causes problems such as low stability and feed buoyancy. To do enhancement quality independent-feed with giving edible coating. Solution edible coating made with basic waste skin cassava remember production cassava in Indonesia (2018) reached 21 million tons, so more than 4 million tons of skin cassava is waste. There is starch amounting to 44-59% of the skin cassava could used as solution edible coating. Method coating used that is spraying. Data taken covering stability, power buoyancy, and texture feed on treated water use equation mathematical and t-test at 5% level with SPSS26 software. The value of t arithmetic is 4.03 which has a value greater than t table with a value of 1.717 which results in higher stability in the feed treatment than the control feed. The Texture analysis value shows the treatment feed has a lower pressure compared to the control feed because of the effect of the plasticizer layer. both of these causes the pellets to last longer in water.

Keywords
cultivating, coating, fish, feed, cassava

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xC6vFnyQUuTk

Corresponding Author
WOLYNA PINDI

Institutions
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Malaysia

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of chicken sausages added with banana peel powder (BPP), Musa acuminate. Chicken sausage, incorporated with different percentages of BPP (2%, 4% and 6%), were investigated and compared to the control (0% BPP). The use of BPP in sausage formulations did have a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the proximate compositions and the dietary fibre content of chicken sausages. By increasing the proportion of BPP to the sausage formulation up to 4% and 6%, hardness was increased by 31% and 54% respectively, (P < 0.05), whereas, cohesiveness and springiness showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). BPP addition significantly increased (P < 0.05) water holding capacity and cooking yield as the amount of BPP increased in chicken sausages. A strong significant decrease (P < 0.05) on the *L as the proportion of BPP in sausage increased. Sensory evaluation showed that chicken sausage with a concentration of 2% had the highest overall acceptability, while a sausage contained 6% was found to be least acceptable compared to the control sample. The declining sensory acceptability of sausage with 6% BPP is related to the hard texture and the darker colour of sausage compared to other formulations.

Keywords
Banana peel powder, chicken sausage, physicochemical properties, sensory

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/b68GVtBDwrkA

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Amin

Institutions
Lampung University

Abstract
The research aims at to analyze climate variability and flood disaster in Bandar Lampung City. The growth of Bandar Lampung City cause increasing of number and population density that imbalances with the availability of existing land. The area of buildings that increased and the green land is that decreased. Reducing of open areas as water catchment areas in Bandar Lampung City resulted rainwater in the area can not be infiltrated and will cause the increasing of runoff water. In addition, the drainage factor worsened the situation, drainage channel capacity as a saving of runoff water is not able to accommodate runoff water so that cause flood incident in Bandar Lampung City getting worse. Most areas have D2 and D3 climate type with wet month of 3-4 months, respectively. In addition, the trend of air temperature variability and increased rainfall will add the frequency of flood disaster in the Bandar Lampung City. Sub-district areas are often submerged: Tanjung Karang Timur (16,76 Ha), Teluk Betung Selatan (16.45 Ha), Panjang District (8.5 Ha), Sukarame (8 Ha). The average height of the puddle is 0.5 meters, the highest inundation occurs in the Ketapang South Teluk Betung neighborhood with a puddle of 1.7 meters, 48-hour pool puddle and frequency 12 times per year. The 48-hour longest flood occurred in Panjang and Teluk Betung South.

Keywords
climate variability, rain trends, flood disaster

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jPNYbrEqG3Vk

Corresponding Author
Satria Bhirawa Anoraga

Institutions
Agroindustrial Program, Departement of Bioresources dan Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of extraction time and temperature on cocoa powder quality. The study was conducted at Cocoa Processing Incubation Laboratory, Agroindustry Program, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada in Juni-Juli 2018. The samples were fermented cocoa beans obtained from Banjaroya, Kulonprogo. First, cocoa beans were roasted and liquored. Then, 200 g cocoa liquor were extracted for 20, 30 and 45 minutes at 70, 100 and 110oC. Cocoa powder characteristics e.g: moisture content, fat content, the weight of cocoa bungkil, and colour level were evaluated. The result showed that cocoa powder which was extracted in 70oC for 30 minutes had a lowest moisture content (3,12 %). The fat content is about 40-47% for all treatment. The color intensity is similiar, with the most brightest are cocoa powder which was extracted in 70oC. The temperature treatment in 70oC were accordance with the quality standards of Fat Cocoa determined by SNI 3747:2009.

Keywords
Butter, Cocoa Powder, Chocolate, Color, Press

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mCxWhuwB37VK

Corresponding Author
Darma Darma

Institutions
Papua University and BPTP Papua Barat

Abstract
Rasping is the most frequently useful method to disintegrate or to break down the cellular structure of sago pith for mechanical processing. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hopper angle and teeth density on rasping performance of cylinder type sago rasping machine. In the experiment, three levels of hopper angle i.e. 0 (H1), 22.5 (H2) and 45 (H3) and three levels of teeth density i.e. 2.2 cm x4 cm (D1), 2.2 cm x3 cm (D2), and 2.2 cm x 2 cm (D3) were examined. The rasping performance test was carried out by measuring rasping capacity, starch percentage, and starch yield. The experimental results showed that the combination of hopper angle and teeth density significantly affected rasping capacity and starch yield, but did not affect the starch percentage. The highest rasping capacity (1891 kg/hour) and the highest starch yield (790 kg) were resulted under experimental condition of teeth density 2.2 cmx 3 cm with hopper angle of 22.5 degree. In conclusion, the optimum condition to achieve highest rasping performance was teeth density 2.2 cm x3 cm with hopper angle 22.5.

Keywords
cylinder type, hopper angle, rasping capacity, sago rasping machine, teeth density

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/w4NTzV9y2UkA

Corresponding Author
Agus Harayanto

Institutions
a) Agricultural Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lampung.
Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro

Abstract

Keywords
1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 35145
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University.
Jl. Kampus Bukit Jimbaran 80361 Bali, Indonesia.
c) Department of Agro-industrial Tecnology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lampung.
Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro

Topic
1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 35145
d) Agriculture Faculty, University of Jember, East Java

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RVmrZKYjzwnx

Corresponding Author
Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti

Institutions
a) CENTER FOR LEATHER RUBBER AND PLASTICS
* emilianakasmudjiastuti[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effect of adding sulfuric acid to the synthesis of sulphated oil from palm oil to the chemical properties of the resulting sulphated oil. The research method is the synthesis of sulphated oil from bulk palm oil, with a 98% H2SO4 emulsifier technically. The addition of H2SO4 varied with successive number of 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5; 20; 22.5 and 25% with sulphation time for 3 (three) hours. The resulting sulphated oil was chemically tested including water content, oil content, total alkalinity, saponification number, ash content, and SO3 levels are bound. The results showed that there was an effect of adding H2SO4 to the synthesis of oil sulphated. The addition of 25% H2SO4 is the best compared to other samples. Sulphated oil obtained by its solubility in water is more stable than other samples. The chemical properties of the sulfur oil produced have a water content of 6.47%; oil content of 81.28%; total alkalinity of 0.25%; and ash content of 2.77%; meet the requirements IS: 6357-1971, specifications of sulphated oil for leather.

Keywords
palm oil, sulphated oil, sulfuric acid, chemical properties, synthesis of sulphated oil

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VqHcneytQxFm

Corresponding Author
Y Aris Purwanto

Institutions
1Department of Mechanical and Biosystem, IPB University
2Center for Tropical Horticulture Study, IPB University

Abstract
Ultrafine Bubble technology is a new and emerging science, capable of infusing ultrafine bubbles in liquids for longer periods of time. Ultrafine bubble are extremely small gas bubbles in liquid. This paper discussed the application of ultrafine bubbles water for seed germination. Seed germination is the process from seed to a sprout in which the metabolic process of a plant gets activated after a period of dormancy. A high seed germination percentage is important for vegetable production. During germination process, the seeds rapidly recover physically from maturation drying, resume a sustained intensity of metabolism, complete essential cellular events to allow the embryo to emerge and prepare for subsequent seeding growth. Comparison experiments of seed germination rate were performed using distilled water and water containing ultrafine bubbles. This experiment utilized the dissolved oxygen concentrations of distilled water with approximately 8-9 and 20-24 mg/L. Rice, soybean, papaya and garlic seed was used as seed samples. The result indicates that the application of ultrafine bubbles water had an effect on seed germination rate.

Keywords
Ultrafine bubble, seed germination, sprout, dissolved oxygen

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4tuNZFLhA3va

Corresponding Author
Ansar Ansar

Institutions
Mataram University

Abstract
Passion fruit including the Passi&

Keywords
passion fruit, extract, maltodextrin, vacuum freeze drying

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WK68NwufCXar

Corresponding Author
Sitti Nur Faridah Faridah

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
Add. Perintis Kemerdekaan Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract
Sprinkler irrigation is an irrigation application technology, which has a high efficiency in the use of water, it is very appropriate to be applied in a relatively dry area. In its application, high effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation systems can only be achieved if properly designed irrigation system and is operated properly. This research was conducted by designing irrigation networks. The irrigation application uses butterflay sprinkler with nozzle diameter size of 2 mm and 4 mm and pressure treatment to get the effectiveness of the irrigation system performance. Sprinkler "Butterfly 988" with a nozzle diameter of 2 mm, effectively used at a pressure of 10-20 Psi, with a spray radius of 3.90 - 5.70 meters, watering discharge 6.49 - 8.10 liters / minute and water uniformity distribution 88, 3 - 90.8%. As for the 4 mm nozzle diameter, it is effectively used at a pressure of 15-30 Psi, with a spray radius of 4.90 - 6.00 meters, a watering discharge of 9.98 - 14.83 liters / minute and a water uniformity distribution of 90.4 - 91, 7%.

Keywords
Butterfly sprinkler, dry land

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nZDRKHFjUtCk

Corresponding Author
Dira Alifa

Institutions
Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Under present investigation, Eichornia crassipes (water hyacinth) has been tested in knowing the applicability of this macrophyte as phytoremediator of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is utilized in analysing the accumulation of important heavy metal zinc (Zn) within plant tissues parallel with adaptive responses due to physiological and biochemical matters during exposure of actual AMD and artificial AMD having different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/L of Zn) and extreme pH (3.0). There is slow-but-steady significant increase in pH along with no morphological symptoms in exposure of artificial AMD. Conversely, in 2-weeks exposure of actual AMD there is critical morphological symptoms due to its toxicity in exposure of multi-metals along with immediate increase in the first 3-days and slow decrease in 11-days after for pH value. The decreasing in Zn concentration for both actual and artificial AMD is occurred even in high level concentration. The final concentration of Zn didn not meet the quality standard, so it needs to be a serial treatment with each treatment has 1 week in retention time. Overall this methodology is applicable for the removal of Zn in AMD that has single-metal or various-metals in any amounts that is negligible or under its lethal dosage.

Keywords
AMD, Adaptive Response, Eichornia crassipes, Zinc Removal

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FAyeJc2nDKYt

Corresponding Author
Andi Raehana Muchlis

Institutions
(a)Master Student, Agro-technology, Faculty of Agricultural, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
(b)Faculty of Agricultural, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
*feranita_haring[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
This study aims to obtain information about the endosperm color inheritance pattern of Toraja black rice. This research was conducted by the experimental farm, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture, from August 2017 to February 2018. This study was designed using a Randomized Block Design. The color of the seed as a treatment consists of full black (the outer and inner parts of rice), medium black (the outer part and a small portion of inner part of rice), and thin black (only the outer part of rice), with 8 replications so there were 24 experimental units. The seedling were planted in a bucket, one seedling for each bucket. The inheritance pattern of full black and thin black genotypes follows the Mendel inheritance pattern with a ratio of genotype 1 : 2 : 1. Percentage of full black endosperm color has a high heritability, while percentage of medium black and the percentage of thin black have moderate heritability.

Keywords
Keywords:Inheritance, Toraja black rice, Endosperma

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XqH9faYhDcuN

Corresponding Author
Koko Kurniawan

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta

Abstract

Keywords
Keywords : nori, seaweed, drying, modeling, process

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HRTfpk6hNDAW