Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Danang Budi Nugroho

Institutions
a) Departement of Civil Engineering, University of Indonesia
Kampus UI Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Danangbudi.12[at]gmail.com

b) Departement of Civil Engineering, University of Indonesia

Abstract
Along with the advance era and technology, tunnel construction is the alternative infrastructure that can be used as an option, especially in difficult terrain conditions. A tunnel construction project is inseparable from a series of tasks in the form of activities. Work activities can experience disruptions caused by various things, one of the causes is the occurrence of work accidents. The risk of workplace accidents can be prevented with early identification and analysis of the potential danger that exist in every activity contained in the project-s Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Thus, the need for a standardized WBS is very important in presenting the assessment of risk, impact and frequency arising from workplace accidents. The aim of this study is to develop a standardized WBS for risk-based safety planning on tunnel construction works. The standardized WBS will be a main input for identify potential hazard risks and producing risk-based safety plan. The results of this study are standarized WBS, potential hazard risks and the developed of WBS standard for safety planning, as an effort in preventing, reducing or eliminating the accident in tunnel construction work.

Keywords
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Risk, Safety Planning, Tunnel Construction Work

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AGFkdTwVprDR

Corresponding Author
Ghefra Gaffara

Institutions
1 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 16424
2 Center for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 16424
3 Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Esa Unggul University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11510

Abstract
Seatropolis is one of the break through to the coastal city. The concept of coastal city planning becomes something important, considering dependent relationships between ports and towns on coastal areas. Study Demonstrate that planning and implementing effective policies will be Have a positive impact on the city and port, where the port Increase in volume while cities will enjoy economic growth (Brand, 2014). As an archipelago country, Indonesia has a dependent High on sea transportation. In the year 2009, the port system in Indonesia Was estimated to handle 968 million tonnes of cargo (Nathan Associates, 2011). Division Between domestic and international freight in Indonesia is at a level Ranging from 44% to domestic cargo and 56% international cargo. With the ever-increasing population, economic capabilities, and needs of Indonesia, this figure will continue to rise in the future. One of the great drivers that will lead to increased The need for this sea transportation is AEC (Asean Economic Community). With the agreement between countries in southeast Asia, it will be cost removal and trade restrictions in the Southeast Asia area. This will Cause (1) The increasing number of goods in and out of Indonesia, and (2) the availability of low salary workers and high-skilled workers (Van Dijk, Van de Mheen, & Bloem, 2015). With increasing movement of people and goods, then Indonesia will require a response to utilize the potential This effectively. This reserach has an following objectives (1) Specify the Operational and maintenance costs (2) determine the payment schemes Achieving realization of this concept. This research aims to design smart infrastructure applications in the development of Indonesias economic corridor in terms of industry and mapping the long-term planning of key infrastructure and also design a smart infrastructure development masterplan based on development priorities over time range to Indonesia 2045.

Keywords
Cost, Government, Seatropolis, Transportation , Port City

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uG8gKDUHkC6L

Corresponding Author
Sulwan Permana

Institutions
Department of Civil Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut, Jl. Mayor Syamsu 1, Garut 44151, Indonesia
sulwanpermana[at]sttgarut.ac.id

Abstract
The existence of rivers in an area is very important because it is often used by the community for daily needs. In addition to the availability of raw water, it is also used for agricultural purposes. Cipalebuh River with 42 km2 of river flow area is a river in the southern part of Garut Regency; this river is used for drinking water supply and for irrigating 1016 ha of rice field area. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of changes in the Cipalebuh river flow due to changes in climatological parameters such as average air temperature, average relative humidity, average wind speed, duration of solar radiation, air pressure, and solar radiation. The rainfall stations in the Cipalebuh river basin are the Pameungpeuk and Cisompet rainfall stations. Calculation of discharge using simulation method from F.J. Mock, while calculating evapotranspiration with the Penman-Monteith method. The net need for water in the rice fields is 1.4 lt/sec/ ha. Based on the results of the calculation of the effect of changes in climatological parameters it does not significantly affect the flow of water in the Cipalebuh river so that the availability of raw water and irrigation is not much disturbed.

Keywords
Climatological; Discharge; The Water Availability.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/T8aZMCwvLfYU

Corresponding Author
Aldi Raimon

Institutions
Department of Civil Engineering Education, Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education, Indonesia University of Education

Abstract
Pervious concrete with marble and gravel substitution shows low compressive strength. In another attempt the experiments carried out by adding fly ash as much as 20% of the weight of cement showed an optimal strength. This research aims to increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete by modify coarse aggregate proportions and adding fly ash admixture. Method that used is experimental with 4 variations aggregate size mixture .Type 1 are agregate variation size of 2 cm, 1,5 cm, and 1 cm, type 2 are agregate variation size of 2 cm and 1,5 cm, type 3 are aggregate variations size of 2 cm and 1 cm, and type 4 agregate size 2 cm. Tests are on permeability test and concrete compressive strength test on age 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. Permeablity test results based on type of variations agregate size respectively are 0,750 cm/sec, 0,737 cm/sec, 0,647 cm/sec, and 0,840 cm/sec. The results of the compressive strength test on all type at 28 days respectively are 8,008 MPa, 9,879 MPa, 11,542 MPa, and 8,357 MPa. Results of research on variations in the mixture, the maximum compressive strength is variations of coarse aggregate size 2 cm and 1 cm.

Keywords
pervious concrete, fly ash, marble waste, permeability, compressive strength.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NVpfMGBRdrgA

Corresponding Author
Reza Farhandasi

Institutions
1 Student of Applied Civil Engineering Master Program at State Polytechnic of Bandung. Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds.Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012. Email: Reghanzareza[at]gmail.com
2 Faculty Staff of Applied Civil Engineering Master Program at State Polytechnic of Bandung. Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds.Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012. Email: syahril_polban[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Soil stabilization is a process of mixing soil with particular materials to restore engineering properties of soil which is an attempt to change or fix the engineering properties of soil in fulfilling particular technical requirement. The examination result of soil as a subgrade coating conducted in this study is classified as expansive soil. Unfixed subgrade condition may cause various damages on road pavement. Thus, in this study, subgrade repairment was administered by utilizing stabilization method of a mixture palm shell ash (PSA) and phosphoric acid chemical solution. The experiment aims to decrease dependency of cement as stabilization material in regular usage, in order to save cost in economic aspect of infrastructure. This study intends to analyze the effect of palm shell ash and phosphoric acid addition towards CBR value as subgrade construction layer of road pavement. The study outcomes shows several conclusions: (1) the decreasing value of optimal water content, plastic index, and swelling; (2) the increasing value of unsoaked CBR, soaked CBR, and isolated CBR. (3) the stabilization material mixture has been achieved, therefore it can be used as subgrade repairmen on expansive soils for minimum standard of subgrade coating for road pavement.

Keywords
Stabilization, CBR, Palm Oil Shell Ash, Phosphoric Acid Solution

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6HTjcez7AyKn

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Hamas Sorimatua Harahap

Institutions
a) Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung Barat 40559, Indonesia
*metty[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
Fire disasters could occur in the area around the bridge so that fire contact against the concrete and causes construction run into extreme temperature rises. Concrete which affected with high temperature will lost its strength significantly by 60%. To overcome this problem is utilizing steel industry waste, that is Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) which is used as a substitute for cement in concrete mixtures. The properties of GGBFS which is cementitious same as cement, so that it can fulfill the function of cement. In this research, GGBFS concrete and normal concrete with strength of concrete is 30 Mpa and both types of concrete will be burned at a temperature of 600˚C for 2 hours. After that, characteristics strength of concrete will be tested to GGBFS concrete and normal concrete in each concrete before being burned and after being burned. The result of this research is GGBFS material optimization as a substitute of cement to concrete along with the comparison of concrete characteristics shows that GGBFS concrete is stronger than normal concrete nor before and after being burned. Therefore, girder beams with GGBFS has better strength and resistance to fire than normal concrete.

Keywords
Beam; Concrete; Fire damage; GGBFS

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Df28eHQZXtzk

Corresponding Author
Widyo Nugroho

Institutions
Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS)

Abstract
The International Water Association states that water loss is an efficient indicator of the performance of a water company that has been implemented internationally. The volume of water loss expressed as Non Revenue Water at the global level shows a high number. Every year more than 32 billion m3 of treated water is lost due to leakage from the distribution network. There are four pillars in a leak management strategy include management of pressure, speed of repair, active leakage control, and asset management. These factors influence how leakage is managed and thus the volume and value of economic leakage - in a distribution network of water companies. The Current Annual Volume of Physical Losses tends to increase along with the increasing service area of the distribution network. The rate of increase can be inhibited by the right combined strategy between the four components in an effective leakage management strategy. In this study, the factors that influence Non Revenue Water in water distribution system in Malang Town are analyzed by focusing on the speed of recovery aspect. With the expansion of service areas, the distribution of locations has an effect on the speed of recovery. In the end, the expected results of this study are to find the significance of the relationship between the distribution pattern of the location of damage to the water distribution network and the speed of recovery. The data in this study include historical data on the location of damage to the pipeline for 8 years which includes spatial data and historical data on the recovery of each damage in the form of attribute data. The method used in this study is the spatial point process. Poisson distribution in the spatial point process is chosen as the leakage location distribution approach. The results of the analysis state that the distribution pattern of leakage is inhomogeneous poisson process. Based on the model obtained by the simulation result, it is found that the effectiveness of the repair need to consider covariate location variable such as demand junction and border of District Metered Area.

Keywords
Non Revenue Water(NRW), Spatial Point Process, Water Losses

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TFVUkQZaWxM4

Corresponding Author
Teuku Budi Aulia

Institutions
University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
*aulia[at]unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
High demand for advanced infrastructure leads to the use of high strength concrete. Complex, futuristic and asymmetrical building construction could create dangerous torsional load and moment, mainly due to earthquake. Using large amount of cement makes high strength concrete not environmentally friendly. The use of natural aggregates continuously reduced its availability. Efforts to substitute cement and aggregate from abundant and environmentally friendly natural materials could be smart solution. This study aims to analyze the torsional capacity of high strength cantilever reinforced concrete beams having L configuration with a torque arm. Three hybrid beams were cast with substitution of 15% coal flyash (CFA), 15% palm oil blast furnace slag (POSFA) and 10% pozzolanic flyash (PFA) from cement weight, added with 10% pozzolanic sand as fine aggregate substitution and 40% palm oil blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate substitution. One beam without flyash and aggregate substitution (NPBHSC) was tested as comparison. All four beams added with iron ore as filler. The best torsion capacity achieved by PFA beam with maximum load (P) 2.83 ton, maximum torsion moment (M) 10.4 kNm, maximum torsion angle 0.0225 rad, ductility 3.941 and cylinder compressive strength 59.48 MPa, when compared to NPBHSC beam which produced P = 2.65 ton, M = 9.638 kNm, torsion angle 0.0069 rad, ductility 1.008 and compressive strength 44.40 MPa. POSFA beam followed then by CFA beam resulted in slightly smaller P and M, but generated greater compressive strength, maximum torsion angle and ductility than NPBHSC. It can be concluded that geopolymer flyash can increase compressive strength, torsion capacity and ductility of high strength reinforced concrete beams.

Keywords
Torsion Capacity, High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beam, Geopolymer Flyash, Aggregate Substitution, Iron Ores

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yGpXJr6gchWb

Corresponding Author
Adelfy Dara Arianti

Institutions
a) Civil Engineering, Mercu Buana University
Jl. Meruya Selatan No. 1, Meruya Selatan, Kec. Kembangan, DKI Jakarta 11650, Indonesia
*adelfydaraarianti[at]gmail.com
*resmi.bestari[at]mercubuana.ac.id

b) Civil Eningeering, Katolik Widya Karya Malang University, Jl. Bondowoso 2-Malang No. 2, Gading Kasri, Kec. Klojen, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur 65115, Indonesia
*agneshpatty[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Concrete are brittle material is generally consists of many micro cracks which are potential sources of crack propagation that lead to the possibility of catastrophic failure (rapid or catastrophically) resulting in fracture of the concrete structure under service load. The relationship of fracture energy with material properties has not been clearly identified, with most studies showing insensitivity relative to the water-cement ratio where cracks in concrete propagate particularly along the cement-aggregate interface. This study was an experiment on the effect of water-cement ratio on fracture energy based on RILEM method with several tests such as compressive strength, modulus elasticity and flexural strength. Fracture energy was measured through a three-point-bending test of notched concrete beams. The configuration of the beams was 20x10x120 cm with the ratio of notch to depth was 0.25 and the loading rate was 0.05 mm/min. The testing controlled by midspan deflection which produced a load-displacement curve. Concrete mixtures contain crushed aggregate with maximum sizes of 19 mm are tested at ages 28 days and have water-cementitious (w/cm) ratios are 0.30, 0.40 and 0.6. The correlation between fracture energy and water-cement ratio are characterized by the fracture energy does not increase while the compressive strength is increase. This can be seen when concrete which contains a lower water-cement ratio (0.3) tends to have a rather high compressive strength but decreased the fracture energy.

Keywords
compressive strength; modulus elasticity; fracture energy; water-cementitious ratio

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bMpPWfT6xHXr

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Ichsan

Institutions
1 Institute of Embedded Systems, University Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
2 Institute of Transport Systems and Logistics, University Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
3 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jend Soedirman KM 3 Cilegon 42435 Indonesia

Abstract
In this research, the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) used as emission estimation parameter on three Indonesian-s sea toll way corridors. Operational data of the ships, such as speed, Deadweight Tonnage (DWT), load and load-s utilization are used in this research. Moreover, unavailable operational data are to be assumed with comparable assumptions or suitable calculation. Furthermore, the data are used to calculate the fuel consumption of the voyage, which is the main variable in the emission index calculation. The method, so-called, a ‘slow-steaming- method is utilized to optimize the emission parameter. The result shows that the slow steaming process is indeed bring more efficient emission result for the sea toll way under consideration. Decreasing the speed to 10% of current speed is decreasing the Fuel Consumption of the ships around 17% to 19% yearly. Decreased it further to 12%, lowered the fuel consumption around 23% from current yearly fuel consumption. Moreover, Applying slow steaming with 10% and 12% rate in each route resulted in a decreasing rate of emission produces of around 19% and 23% respectively. These result is encouraging for an initial step to measures the emission level on the Sea tollway. However, more data and better modelling parameter method is advised for future researcher in the area.

Keywords
Displacement of the ship; Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator; CO2 emission; slow steaming.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V7zjwTc4tZQh

Corresponding Author
Risma Nur Indah

Institutions
1) Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
*ayomi[at]eng.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Energy is the core of important issues such as the economy, environment, and world development. Indonesia as a developing country needs energy access so that the nation can increase people prosperity. Indonesia has successfully surpassed the electrification ratio target by the end of 2018. However, electrifying the remaining 1.7% will be more difficult and costly. This paper provides a better understanding of the challenges of rural electrification program and opportunities to achieve electricity universal access. In this research, we used a literature review method to collect and review relevant studies regarding rural electrification program. Based on the literature review, characteristic of rural areas such as low population density with low income and low electricity demand becomes the main challenge of electrifying rural areas. According to the studies, committed governance, supportive regulation and policy, and well-prepared financing can overcome the barriers

Keywords
Energy, electricity, rural areas, Indonesia, challenges, opportunities.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zZeq7npwy2rE

Corresponding Author
DR.IR.FIRDAUS CHAIRUDDIN.MS

Institutions
Civil Engineering Department, Atma Jaya University Makassar, Mamajang, Makassar City, South Sulawesi

Abstract
Soil is the basic of a structure or construction, such as building construction also highway construction, and it-ll become a problem if the soil had a bad properties inside. Bad properties of soil can have a bad impact for any constructions. You can experience damage to the structure, something that is very undesirable in construction. Bad properties we mean here are those soil that have low shear strength, relatively large shrinkage growth, high plasticity limit. The type of soil found in the Atma Jaya University Makassar area is clay soil, so the author tries to investigate the effect of expansive soil stability based on the addition of styrofoam material in different levels of addition (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%), with the research title: “ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CLAYEY SOIL STABILIZED WITH STYROFOAM (C_{8}H_{8})” Based on the topic we chose, it means to require the stabilization as what the soil needs it absolutely takes so much efforts to improve the soil properties before doing a construction by enhancing the strength of it. There are two ways for enhancing soil properties, such as mechanical process and chemical process. One of the chemical process that will be applied here is with the additions of “Styrofoam” in the soil sample. The methodology we use on the laboratory testing are: moisture content testing, density testing, Atterberg limits testing, filtration analysis testing, and the compaction testing. The result is the significant change on the clay soil compaction test chart at the adding of 15% Styrofoam on the soil sample taken from Atma Jaya University Makassar-s ward. The significant changes we mean are the decreasing value of optimum water content from 23% to 16% and also value of maximum dry weight (γdry max) on the clay soil sample from 3.676% to 1.554%.

Keywords
Engineering properties; Stabilization; Clay soil; Styrofoam

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZzY9P7ryaXDt

Corresponding Author
Rona Ariyansyah

Institutions
a) Department Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Bandung
Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
*ronaariyansyah99[at]yahoo.co.id
b) Department Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Bandung
Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

Abstract
Well-designed building structure sometimes suffers from of problems after being built. Structural problems in a building often relate to damages and failures. Several methods can be used to enhance the capacity of building structure including reinforcement and refinement. Reinforcement and refinement can be performed by adding more concrete layer, using steel plate, external pre-stressing and using FRP. FRP is an alternative reinforcement material. Concrete reinforcement using FRP is vulnerable to debonding problem which makes it less optimal. To address this issue, this experimental research was carried out in which reinforced concrete beam was strengthened using FRP by adding FRP anchors to prevent debonding failures. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the problem using scientific procedures to find actual solutions. In this research, a test object in the form of 150 mm x 200 mm x 3200 mm concrete beam with third point load was used. Different gaps of anchors of 0.000 mm, 12000 mm, 800 mm, 400 mm and 200 mm were the research variable. This research showed that the use of anchors successfully prevented debonding problems in CFRP reinforcement. The use of 3 CFRP at a distance of 1200 mm appeared as the most effective reinforcement method.

Keywords
Building Structure, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, Reinforcement, CFRP Anchor

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TxdCDgauFZwj

Corresponding Author
Lentien Febrianty Ludhyrani

Institutions
a) Department of Civil Engineering Bandung State Polytechnic, Indonesia
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
lentienfebrianty[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Civil Engineering Bandung State Polytechnic, Indonesia
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
sxs142[at]yahoo.co.uk
c) Department of Civil Engineering Bandung State Polytechnic, Indonesia
Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
retnoutami[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
Flexible pavement structural evaluation using AASHTO 1993 method carried out based on deflection values from the survey using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) which will be used to calculate the Effective Structural Number (SNeff), Structural Number in Future (SNf) and overlay thickness. Flexible pavement is susceptible to rutting damage and permanent deformation. To increase rutting damage and permanent deformation resistance, Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACWC) was being modified by adding SIR 20 material. In determining overlay thickness using AASHTO 1993 method, one of the factors influencing the thickness was properties of ACWC material. In this paper, a case study is carried out on the Raya Dawuan – Cikampek Road. The result of this case study were ACWC-Modified overlay thickness was thinner than ACWC-Normal. ACWC Modified pavement overlay structure thickness obtained at 80 mm meanwhile in ACWC-Normal was 100 mm.

Keywords
Flexible Pavement, SIR 20, Overlay Thickness.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9LeCafucwqkR

Corresponding Author
Bella Fauziah

Institutions
University of Indonesia

Abstract
The development of a city depends on how easily the area can be accessed. The role of the government to provide facilities and infrastructure as a facility to meet community needs is a responsibility. The Tangerang City Government is one of the cities that has implemented BRT policy as public transportation since December 2016. Based on the monthly report, the number of BRT passengers has a tendency to decrease the number of passengers. This study aims to assess and analyze of BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service performance. The study uses quantitative methods, based on 5 dimensions of servqual, namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty, then assessed as referring to the standards of public transport services SK Dirjen no.687 of 2002, Minister of Transportation Regulation no. 10 of 2012, amendment no. 27 of 2015, ITDP 2016 BRT Standard. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of importance and level of satisfaction of users towards the perceived performance of BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service. The service is assessed from the perceptions and expectations of BRT users. The results of the study show that the level of importance that must be prioritized is the tangible dimension of the item information on the stop service to be passed in the form of visual / audio in the stop functioning properly. BRT users are dominated by middle-class (captive) economic people who have no choice and depend on public transportation for daily mobility. This has an effect on the results of the satisfaction level of BRT users who compare with other public transportation. So that BRT users were very satisfied with BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service performance.

Keywords
BRT Trans Kota Tangerang, Perception, Expectation of BRT Users, Service Performance, Servqual

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kMCYtwzAyhne

Corresponding Author
Windra Priatna Humang

Institutions
a) Researchers at the Center for Research and Development of Sea, River, Lake and Ferry Transport, Ministry of Transportation, Jakarta
b) Universitas Andi Djemma, Palopo
* windrahumang[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Conditions of shipping lanes in the Malacca - Singapore Strait is very crowded, making deep sea pilot services in this region very important, especially in ensuring the safety of shipping for sailing ships. Indonesia, which has the most dominant territory (60%) in the Straits of Malacca, should be able to seize opportunities for the development of economic activities such as providing ship guidance services, ship to ship transfer activities, ship provision equipment supply, ship crewing activities, ship repairs and others . This study aims to develop recommendations to optimize deep sea pilot services in the Malacca - Singapore Strait. The analytical method used is costumer satisfaction index (CSI) and importance performance analysis (IPA) to evaluate the implementation of guide services in terms of human resources, facilities and infrastructure, implementation of ship guidance services, non-tax state revenues and business marketing systems. The implementation of the deep sea pilot in the Malacca - Singapore Strait currently carried out by Pelindo I is considered to be not optimal. This condition can be seen from the lack of guided ships, only around 14-16 ships are recorded in a year, very far with the potential of guided ships in 2016 reaching 7,535 calls

Keywords
Malacca - Singapore Strait, Deep Sea Pilot, Shipping

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2BETUdjugJbe

Corresponding Author
Ridha Amalia Idhar

Institutions
a) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok 16426, Indonesia
*ridhaamalia.i[at]gmail.com

Abstract
In order to obtain the material properties of reinforcing steel rebar (rebar), tensile test must be performed in the laboratory. Some standards, such as SNI and ASTM, standardize condition of the sample and the loading rate of tensile test. ASTM E8M regulates the loading application (1.15-11.5 MPa/s) of steel rebar test under tension to determine yield properties and SNI 07-2529-1991 regulates 10 MPa/s as the maximum loading rate. These circumstances affect the duration of tensile test in real condition, which may lead to one hour of tensile test. In this article, effect of loading rate of pre-conditioned steel bars (by reducing the section, grinding, and/or lathe according to SNI 07-2529-1991) is investigated using deformed bars (BJTS 40, certified by industries). Random sample of steel reinforcement bars are tested under three different loading rate application. The result of material properties of the rebar, such as stress-strain curve, yield strength, and ultimate strength, are discussed and analysed in this study. Different speed test resulting in different stress rate before yield. However, the stress-strain responses of specimens in the range of linear elastic material are similar. Moreover, at the post yield (plastic) region, the loading rate significantly affected the ductility of the material.

Keywords
Tensile test; Reinforcing steel bar; Loading rate; Yield and ultimate strength; Cup and cone fracture

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rFdeBuGx84MV

Corresponding Author
Ade Widya Septari

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia
*ade.widya[at]ui.ac.id

Abstract
The implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) is considered a sustainable approach to overcome challenges in the increasingly complex and competitive construction field. The construction industry needs to recognize the importance of KM as a strategic asset to improve organizational performance because employees knowledge, expertise and experience are the keys to organizational success. This is supported by the addition of discussion on KM in Chapter 4 Project Integration Management in the sixth edition of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) book in 2017. This study was conducted to evaluate the achievement of KM maturity level and determine the key success factors or critical success factors (CSF) of KM needed to improve the function of KM, which aims to improve organizational performance in State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) construction service sectors in Indonesia. The methodology used, initially by reviewing several journals to obtain knowledge factors used as indicators in identifying the maturity level of KM and CFS maturity. Then compile a questionnaire to collect data from respondents who are SOE construction service employees ranging from staff, middle, and top management. The data is then processed further with several analysis processes. The results of the study contain strategies that need to be developed to improve the function of KM in order to improve organizational performance in SOE construction service companies in Indonesia which is more effective and efficient.

Keywords
Knowledge Management, Maturity Level, Critical Success Factors, Organizational Performance, Construction Organization

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/k3EJGFhVLDcC

Corresponding Author
Arif Hidayat Zain

Institutions
Project Management, Civil Engineering, University of Indonesia

Abstract
At present, Knowledge Management (KM) is considered an appropriate competitive tool for success in a knowledge-based economy, many organizations have deployed and implemented KM to improve performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines and assessments for organizations to evaluate the level of KM maturity in national construction service companies in Indonesia and ways to increase them in order to improve organizational performance. The first step in achieving the objectives of KM is the current status of recognition of the ability of KM itself in the company obtained through the knowledge management maturity model. What is the level of KM maturity in the world of national private construction in Indonesia? If it is still low, how to improve it so that the companys performance is better. To increase the level of KM maturity, a review of harmony with key success factors or critical success factors (CSF) is needed to improve organizational performance. Seven functional criteria are used as key elements towards an effective KM approach, namely policies / strategies, HR planning and processes, training and improvement of human performance, procedure methods & documentation processes, technical solutions (IT), approaches to capturing / using tacid knowledge, and KM culture.

Keywords
Knowledge Management, Critical Success Factor, Maturity Level, Construction

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gDQHCEek4KAF

Corresponding Author
AGUSTINA SLOW DAKIA MANURUNG

Institutions
1)Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
husnulmarza[at]yahoo.com
2)Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
3)Post-Graduate Student of Infrastructure Engineering Study Program, Applied Master Program, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
manurungagustina99[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Optimizing bottled plastic waste of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as added material into asphalt and testing of modified plastic waste bottles for further use as an asphalt mixture. Besides, the Indonesian state is ranked second in the world for producing plastic waste into the sea so that the utilization of waste must be done while reducing the increasing amount of waste. Also, the addition of plastic bottle waste to obtain the durability of the pavement structure in a strong case prevents deformation in the traffic load. This study uses the wet process method as an added material into the asphalt. This research was carried out on a mixture of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course using a 60/70 pen asphalt modified with PET type plastic waste with levels of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. The purpose of this study was also to determine the Marshall parameters of the characteristics of asphalt concrete with different modified PET asphalt variations. After analysis, the optimum level of optimum use of concrete asphalt mixture is 9% PET with an increase in 33% stability of Marshall value between the use of optimum modified asphalt with 60/70 pen bitumen used. Marshall stability value is resistance to deformation of the pavement structure.

Keywords
Plastic bottle waste, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), modified bitumen, AC-WC characteristics

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YvDRy2LbzPda

Corresponding Author
Susilahadi Sastrosudarmo

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
Part of shear forces on reinforced concrete structures, will be borne by stirrup. According to Indonesia concrete standard, a closed stirrup must be used in earthquake prone areas. The end of the stirrups should be a hook with an angle ≥ 135o. The focus of this research is the modification of the hook shape on the stirrup reinforcement. This research is expected to design the shape of hook which good performance on shear holding. The basis of this research is experimental testing in the laboratory by cyclic loads. The specimens consisted of 2 pieces: TG1 and TG2. TG1 is a specimen with an angle135° end-hook shape according to SNI provisions. TG2 is a specimen with an angle 90° end-hook shape. The two specimens are reinforced concrete beams (250mm x 400mm x1700 mm). From the test, it is proofed that the two specimens are collapsed by shear. The ultimate load on the second specimen is greater than the ultimate load of first one,Pu1 = 245 kN and Pu2 = 270 kN. In addition, the deflection of the second specimen is greater than the deflection of the first one, δ1 = 12 mm and δ2 = 14 mm

Keywords
reinforced concrete beams, shear reinforcement, cyclic loads, shear failure, hook shape modification

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QmCURcbdDkGW

Corresponding Author
Rabiya .

Institutions
1) Master of Applied Science in Faculty of Civil Engineering, The State Polytechnic of Bandung
Gegerkalong Hilir Street, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
rabiya86[at]yahoo.co.id
2) School of Civil Engineering, The State Polytechnic of Bandung
Gegerkalong Hilir Street, Bandung 40012, Indonesia
3) School of Civil Engineering, The State Polytechnic of Bandung
Gegerkalong Hilir Street, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

Abstract
Problems arise when building infrastructure on peat soil, such as on a declining bridge. To know this, an experimental test was conducted. From experimental testing, the PT-00 model had the biggest drop at 87,16 mm, for the PT-25V model was 65,30 mm and the PT-KKK-25V model amounted to 67,23 mm. For the model of PT-00 experienced a faster decline and small load is 37 kg, model PT-25V can withstand the load up to 49 kg, while for the model PT-KK-25V, the pile foundation can afford the load up to 204 kg. The peat soil with pile foundation undergoes the fastest depreciation of 52,25 mm on the PT-KKK-25V model. For PT-00 and PT-25V models subjected to a smaller depreciation process of 38,8 mm and 28,78 mm The results of this analysis can be concluded that for the test pile foundation press, the application of improvement is more effective on the model PT-KKK-25V, namely pile foundation model is mixed 8% optimum contain of lime shells and electrokinetic with a voltage of 25 V. But for pile foundation tensile testing, the application of modeling is more effective on the PT-25V model. Because electrokinetic can enlarge the tensile force of the pile foundation.

Keywords
Peat Soil, Lime Shells, Electrokinetic Method, Pile Foundation, Settlement of Soil

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fkFvKBZbT29a

Corresponding Author
Baehaki -

Institutions
a) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Serang, 42435, Indonesia
*baehaki[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
The crack depth measurement of concrete can be conducted by the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method, but of some measuring results it provides different crack depth results in reinforced concrete testing with the same concrete quality. This raises doubts about the measurement results with UPV. This research was conducted to know the effect of reinforcement and distance tranducer effective in detecting the depth of concrete cracks. The test specimen used is a 15x15x60 cm3 concrete beam with a concrete quality of 19 MPa. The test material is made of artificial cracks as deep as ± 2 cm, ± 4 cm, ± 6 cm, and any fractured variation made 3 pieces of speciment, in addition to the test object was given a reinforcement of Ø8 mm which is placed horizontally in the center of the beam at a depth of 4 cm from the concrete surface. This testing using indirect method with variations of tranducer distance of 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm. The study concluded that the accuracy of UPV testing results was influenced by reinforcement and distance tranducer. Test speciment with an artificial crack depth of ± 2 cm and ± 4 cm have a greater reading result with a relative error of 36.8% and 15.77%, while the test object with an artificial crack depth of ± 6 cm has a smaller reading result with a relative error ± 4.954%. In addition, it obtained an effective tranducer distance of 120 mm with an accuracy of 85.36%.

Keywords
UPV; PUNDIT; NDT; Crack Depth

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ew4KaeAQnyGT

Corresponding Author
Hendrian Budi Bagus Kuncoro

Institutions
(a) Civil Engineering Department, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Univeristy, Cilegon - Banten, INDONESIA
*hendrianbudibk[at]untirta.ac.id
(b) Civil Enginering and Environmental Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract
Bamboo is a natural material that in a great demand in the field of simple construction, so connection is one of the things that need to be considered. Research on bamboo connection has been carried out using bolts, steel gussets with wood or mortar fillers, and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). The use of FRP has advantage since FRP is light, strong, and has adequately high stiffness. This research uses two types of perpendicular connecton to fiber (TLS) with two layers methods, different number of layers, and two bolts which function as lateral connection. The used connection testing method is quasi-static monotonic loading. From the results of the study it is found that TLS01.2L increased the maximum load by 80,05 percent compared to TLS01.1L, while in TLS02.2L there is a decrease of 20,65 percent compared to TLS02.1L. In addition, the average ductility value is 2,63 for TLS01 and 2,11 for TLS02 so the stiffness value only reaches 1,75 for TLS01 and 1,97 for TLS02. It can be concluded that the numbers of layer does not affect the strength of the TLS connection but rather the FRP bonding area and the windings method which influences the strength and stiffness of the connection.

Keywords
Experimental; Wulung Bamboo; Perpendicular Fiber Joints; Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VTeDaBpJ2vgE

Corresponding Author
Athaya Zhafirah

Institutions
a) Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jalan Gegerkalong Hilir, Bandung 40559, Indonesia
*athaya.zhafirah.mtri15[at]polban.ac.id

Abstract
The low permeability of soft soils results in slow water flows from the consolidation and the low bearing capacity. The soil improvement that can be is by using Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD). The use of PVD significantly reduces the length of the soil pore drainage pathway, so that it can increase the bearing capacity of the soil due to the compaction process from the release of pore water from the soil. Experimental testing in the laboratory was carried out using a steel box measuring 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm. There are three samples, soil without PVD and soil with PVD triangular patterns of distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. Preloading is carried out before loading on the concrete plate. Concrete plates measuring 700 mm x 100 mm x 30 mm and load media are proving rings with a capacity of 10 kN. The load placed in the center, the end, and the edge of the plate. The loading test results on a concrete plate on soil with PVD can reduce deflection that occurs compared to soil without PVD. Deflection reduction is more effective for PVD with a distance of 100 mm.

Keywords
Soft soil; Prefabricated vertical drain; Concrete plate; Deflection; Experimental

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/n4X38AbuP6aH

Corresponding Author
Kim Hung Mo

Institutions
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China

3 Centre for Transportation Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract
This research involves the preliminary study of utilizing fly ash-based geopolymer mortar in the textile reinforced mortar (TRM) system for concrete strengthening. Results showed that adequate compressive strength of geopolymer mortar with respect to normal cement mortar could be produced. Geopolymer mortar without styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) had higher compressive strength and exhibited superior efficiency in the TRM-flexural strengthening of concrete prisms compared to the geopolymer with SBR as well as the corresponding cement-based mortars. Findings from this study suggests good potential of geopolymer to be further developed in TRM for strengthening applications.

Keywords
textile reinforced mortar; geopolymer; strengthening

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9taCzeERc4Ud

Corresponding Author
Ganjar Jojon Johari

Institutions
Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut
Jl. Mayor Syamsu No. 1 Jayaraga Garut 44151, Indonesia

Abstract
The construction industry is a very promising business area in terms of infrastructure development and financial benefits. Many factors influence the competitiveness of small contractors in the construction industry. This study aims to identify what factors influence competitiveness and identify what are the dominant factors that affect the competitiveness of small contractors in the construction industry in West Java. The author uses descriptive and explanatory research methods which are then processed by statistical methods using validation tests, reliability tests, and factor analysis. The results of this study indicate that all variables are valid and pass the reliability test. Of the 9 factors studied, it has a significant influence on the competitiveness of small contractors in the construction industry in West Java. There is 1 dominant factor that influences the competitiveness of small contractors in the construction industry in West Java, namely project management factors. These indicators are; Location management, Cost management, Quality management, Time management, Contract management, Problem solving expertise, Risk management, Logistics and supply chain management, Effectiveness in coordination with subcontractors, Effectiveness in site safety management, Knowledge of local construction law, Number of major accidents in The last 3 years, and the contract ratio successfully committed.

Keywords
Competitiveness, Small Contractors, Construction Industry, Project Management, Dominant Factors.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/928yBVFpcjxd

Corresponding Author
Ganjar Jojon Johari

Institutions
Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut
Jalan Mayor Syamu No. 1 Jayaraga Garut 44151, Indonesia

Abstract
School buildings have an important role in education. The problem that occurs is the low quality in rehabilitation. A quality control system is needed that can guarantee the quality of the building in accordance with the expected results. The purpose of this study was to identify what factors caused low quality in the rehabilitation of school buildings in Garut district. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey methods. The population and sample were 4,134 secondary schools that experienced rehabilitation in 2018 with a sample of 94 schools. The statistical analysis used was confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study are 13 variables that affect the low quality in the rehabilitation of school buildings in Garut Regency which are incorporated in 2 factors, namely project planning and implementation / project implementation. One dominant factor was obtained, namely the organizing factor for the implementation of activities. The indicators are division of tasks, time, capacity, and manner of implementation, Estimated number of resources needed, Allocation of available resources, Ease of communication between the elements involved, Allocation of responsibilities for project implementation, Coordination of all activities and labor involved.

Keywords
Quality, Rehabilitation, School Building, Project Planning, Project Implementation

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wL3zGpCcdMjH

Corresponding Author
Furry Ayu Agustiyani

Institutions
a) Universitas Indonesia
Kampus Baru UI Depok - 16424, Indonesia
*furryayu[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Pedestrian is growing concern, especially in supporting the use of public transportation, because walking is an activity towards and leaving public transportation facilities. Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users, so the safety and comfort of walking need to be considered. In Indonesia, there were 486.295 accidents with 787.916 victims and 1,1 Trillion material losses in 2013 to 2017. The data also explained that 16.2% of the total pedestrian crashes, which is 96% occurred when pedestrians were walking in areas without zebra crossing and 4% were walking in zebra crossing areas. In the city of Magelang, 27,4% of traffic fatalities were pedestrian fatalities. This amount is the highest number of all cities in Central Java Province (Magelang, Pekalongan, Salatiga, Semarang, Surakarta, and Tegal). There were 175 data of pedestrian crashes with 177 pedestrian victims, which 21% are fatalities. Based on the age of pedestrians, pedestrians are divided into 3 age categories: 0-17 years old are children, 18-65 years old are adults, more than 65 years old are elderly. Factors that significantly affect injury severity pedestrians are days of the week (weekends / weekdays), time of day (night / daylight), lighting condition (dark / light), weather condition (rain / clear), road surface condition (wet / dry), gender (male / female), Pedestrian maneuver before crash ( crossing street / walking along roadway), crash location (road / intersection). This study will be assumed to use a binomial ordered probit model with regard to age at pedestrian accidents. This study will be analyzed using R software to determine the probability of factors affecting pedestrian injury severity.

Keywords
Accident, Safety, Pedestrian, Injury Severity, Age, Binomial Ordered Probit Model

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cBAX8PxEhCV4

Corresponding Author
Irika Widiasanti

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Jalan Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
*irika[at]unj.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents the evaluation of the precast reinforced concrete beam extension, in order to solve the problem of constructing a long and big concrete beam. We discuss the flexural strength analysis for a joint menchanism in the middle of the beam element in order to ease the installation. In this research we conduct expertiment on a total of three test materials. The first test material is a full beam with the size of 3000 mm x 250 mmx 350 mm. The second one is the beam with the cement hollow by the size of 1300 mm x 250 mm x 350 mm. The third one is a beam with the steel sheet extension by the size of 1400 mm x 250 mm x 350 mm. The test result shows that the maximum flexural strength which can be supported by the beam with the concrete hollow tube is lower compared to the whole beam or the beam with a steel sheet extension

Keywords
concrete beam, knock down, precast, extension, concrete hollow tube, flexural strength

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EfKvAp3NnyUk